Basic skills of counselling

Basic skills of counselling

1. Basic Skills of Counselling Presented by: Salma Munir (1079) Sana Mubashir (1082) Sobia Sultan (1097) Syeda Aneeqa Mahfooz (1103) Zainab Iqbal(1109) Zartaj Khan(1110 )

2. Counselling According to Carl Rogers , “ Counselling is a series of direct contacts with the individual which aims to offer him assistance in changing his attitude & behaviours.”

3. Identifying elementary social problems the classroom teacher can resolve An elementary school student is fun and challenging to work with . Bullying :- One of the common problems school guidance counselors come across in elementary is bullying . Research shows nine out of ten elementary students have experienced being bullied by their classmates and peers. Six out of ten showed that they have participated on some bullying themselves.

4. Continue……… Relationship with family and Parents:- Home issues are common problems of High school students that counselors regularly address. The student may be undergoing the divorce of parents or the lack of time they spend with them . Substance Abuse:- As peer pressure is most powerful during School, it is also a common problem that adolescents are pressured into smoking or trying drugs in order to get their peers' approval.

5. Decisions about major, career, or just higher education in general:- This is a common problem for this level. Some individuals are unsure of what they want to do with their lives after graduating.

6. Teacher planning to solve problem Identify the problem List all possible solutions Explore the consequences of the suggested solutions Prioritize the solutions

7. Exercising Basic skills of Counselling in a Controlled Situation Active listening:- Active listening entails listening to the content, voice, and body language of the person speaking  (Corey & Corey, 2001).   1. Listening It Is the most important skill in counselling. It is the process of ‘hearing’ the other person. 

8. Cont.…… Three aspects of listening ; Linguistic : actual words, phrases and metaphors used to convey feelings. Paralinguistic : not words themselves but timing, accent, volume, pitch, etc. Non-verbal : ‘body language’ or facial expression, use of gestures, body position and movement, proximity or touch in relation to the counsellor

9. Cont.….. 2. Body Language   3. Proxemics:- The branch of knowledge that deals with the amount of space that people feels it necessary to set between themselves and others 4. Attending behaviour

10. Reflection In counselling, to reflect a comment is to restate it, conveying that you understand the content, the feeling behind it or both. The purpose of reflecting is two fold. Purposes of a Reflection Helps clients: Feel understood Express more feelings Manage feelings Discriminate among various feelings

11. Cont.….. Paraphrasing:- Paraphrasing means the counsellor uses different words to restate in a non-judgmental way what the client has said. Genuiness :- Ability of counsellor to be freely themselves.  Includes congruence between outer words/behaviours and inner feelings Unconditional positive regard:- It is an expression of caring and nurturance as well as acceptance.

12. Clarification and questioning T he counsellor finds it necessary to help the client clarify their statement. Clarification may be done to help the client to become more aware of what he or she is trying to say.   Open-ended and probing questions Closed-Ended Questions Concreteness Information Giving and Removing Obstacles to Change   Linking

13. Empathy Empathy means placing yourself in the client’s situation while remaining objective. Empathizing requires the counsellor to not be judgmental and to be sensitive and understanding. Counsellor Self-Disclosure   and modelling Interpretation Summarizing Note-taking  Homework

14. Evaluating the Techniques of Counselling among Peers Living and learning through loss:- The program on “living and learning through lose” information-based and experiential, services adolescents who are in the midst of coping with significant life change events. A maximum of eight adolescent in group meet on a weekly bases for eight weeks. Each session is schedule for two hours.   Activities during sessions Exercise focusing on losses, fears and hopes Identification of life change events Discussing the loss Study of loss cycle Discussion on coping activities and styles Round table discussion on support systems

15. Life review Life review is the process of evaluating one’s life which includes one accomplishment failures, regrets and goals. In the first phase of review,  lecture  part gives opportunities for thoughts to be brought out into the open through the guidance of the counsellor. During the  sensitizing exercise , the counsellors focuses questions on major points in each client- participants lifetime The third phase is exploring time.   The fourth phase is the final self-introspection and evaluation

16. Fantasy therapy Imagery Fantasy, in counselling, is used to make contact with unavailable persons, unfinished events, feelings that are resisted, and the unknown. The goal of therapy is to release repressed emotions and pent up emotional energies. The fantasy images which occur through guided imagery are the hidden sources of solutions to problems. Clients testify that when their inner world was made visible to them and an Inner voice was guiding them, they were in control of self. Experiencing in imagery is essentially the same as experiencing in actuality.

17. Metaphor Interpretation Metaphor interpretation is an active process of selling through and explaining the meaning of events to clients so that they are able to views their concerns and/or, problems in new ways. Rejection Rejection can be effective only if the counsellor has sufficient status to overcome the client’s resistance and enforce his views, i.e., a judge, police officer, or dean . Occasionally a counsellor feels that the client is entirely wrong in his attitudes and beliefs techniques lead in the general direction that client is headed, rejection tries to reverse the direction.

18. Assurance Assurance often has the same effect as rejection. While the counsellor may sincerely feel that the client is overreacting to a situation or may feel that such problems usually work themselves out all right, he cannot tell the client, “There now, everything is going to be all right”; this tends to be little the client’s judgement .