BASICS OF RESEARCH Presentation AND TYPES

In this ppt, you will learn about basics of research and its types

1. BASICS OF RESEARCH SAMPLE CALCULATION & DATA COLLECTION METHODS BY ESHA KHAN

2. All studies :

3. CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY A cross-sectional study is a type of observational study that analyzes data from a population at a single point in time . It is often used to determine the prevalence of a condition, behavior, or characteristic in a given group . When to Use a Cross-Sectional Study? 🔹 Studying disease prevalence (e.g., how many people have diabetes today). 🔹 Assessing health behaviors (e.g., smoking rates among teenagers). 🔹 Investigating socioeconomic trends (e.g., unemployment rates in different regions). 🔹 Evaluating public health policies (e.g., vaccine coverage in a population).

4. EXAMPLES OF CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY: Example of a Cross-Sectional Study A researcher wants to study the prevalence of obesity among adults in a city. The researcher collects height, weight, age, and lifestyle data from 1,000 participants at a single point in time. The study determines what percentage of the population is obese and whether obesity is linked to factors like diet, exercise, or smoking. However, the study cannot determine cause and effect—only associations.

5. STEPS IN RESEARCH PROCESS

6. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

7. RESEARCH GAP

8. DATA COLLECTION METHODS: Surveys and questionnaires Interviews (structured or semi-structured ) Observations Secondary data sources, such as hospital records, government reports, and existing databases, are often used to analyze trends and prevalence rates. The chosen method depends on the research objective, population size, and available resources.