Behaviorism

Lesson in Educational Psychology, General Psychology and Introduction to Psychology

1. Behaviorism Prepared by: Orlando A. Pistan, MAEd -GC Psychology Instructor

2. Behaviorism The behaviorist movement began in 1913 when John Watson wrote an article entitled 'Psychology as the behaviorist views it,' which set out a number of underlying assumptions regarding methodology and behavioral analysis:

3. Basic assumption: One cannot define consciousness and soul; they can’t be located and measured, therefore, it cannot be the object of scientific study. The overt behavior of human beings and animals are the ones to be observed. All behaviors are response to stimulus or agent in the environment.

4. Famous Experiments:

5. Classical Conditioning Proposed by Ivan Pavlov. People learn by associating neutral stimulus with a second non-neutral stimulus.

6. Classical Conditioning (UCS) Unconditioned stimulus – elicits natural response or unconditioned response, (UCR). (NS) Neutral stimulus– no effect on an organism. Pairing or conditioning. (NS) Neutral stimulus becomes (CS) Conditioned stimulus.

7. Classical Conditioning

8. Operant Conditioning Proposed by Burhuss Frederic Skinner. Individuals learn through the consequences of their behavior.

9. Operant Conditioning Consequence – the result of a behavior. Reinforcement – a consequence that increases the probability of a behavior being repeated. (Strengthens behavior). Punishment – a consequence that decrease the likelihood of a behavior being repeated. (Weakens behavior).

10. Schedule of Reinforcement Fixed ratio schedule – reinforcement after a fixed number of correct responses. Ex. Salary every 15 th and 30 th of the month. Variable ratio schedule – a varying number of correct responses must occur before reinforcement. Ex. Winning in a gambling.

11. Operant Conditioning

12. Observational Learning theory Proposed by Albert Bandura. People learn through the observation of a social model.

13. Social Learning theory/ Cognitive Learning theory / Observational Learning theory M odel – can be a real person, or mass media, who is being observed by an organism. Encoding – paying attention and retention. Imitation – a new behavior which is the product of learning.

14. Social Learning theory/ Cognitive Learning theory / Observational Learning theory

15. Behaviorism Thank you for paying attention.