(behaviorism and social learning theory)

Clarissa thea ramos

1. Behaviorism (S-R) Psychology - founded by John B. Watson - focus on the study of observable and measurable behavior -concentrate on actual behavior, basing their conclusion on external manifistation of learning. - learning is a changed in behavior.

2. Conditioning theory - type of learning that occurs when an association is made between a stimulus and response. 2 Major type 1. Classical Conditioning 2. Operant Conditioning

3. Classical Conditioning theory - learning through stimulus pairing - first described and studied by a russian physiologist , Ivan Pavlov

4. Neutral Stimulus - Something that wouldn't normally elicit a particular reflexive response from the participant

5. Connectionism theory (by edward lee thorndike) - believes that all learning is explained by bonds of connections that are formed between stimulus and response. - formulated three laws of learning

6. Law of readiness - Thorndike states that readiness is a very important condition in learning, because a learner must be satisfied or frustrated depending on his/her state of readiness.

7. Law of Exercise - this law explains that any connection is strengthened in proportion to the number of times occurs and in proportion to the average vigor and duration of the connection.

8. Law of effect - when the organism's response is accompanied or followed by a satisfactory state, the strenght of the connection is increased.

9. Operant conditioning/instrumental conditioning theory - type of learning in which the future probability of a behavior is affected by its consequences.

10. Operant consequences 1. Reinforcement - any procedure that result in an increase in a response 2. Punishment - any procedure that results in a decrease in a response.

11. Positive reinforcement - a situation in which a response is followed by the addition of a reinforcing stimulus, incresing the likelihood that the response will be repeated in similar situations. Negative reinforcement - a situation in which a response results in the removal, avoidance or escape from stimulus, incresing the likelihood that the response will be repeated in similar situations

12. Social cognitive theory - founded by albert bandura - emphasize the behavior, environment and cognition are the key factors in development

13. The modeling process 1. Attention – attending to what the model is saying or doing. 2. Retention – coding the information and keep it in memory so that it can be retrieved. 3. Reproduction – Possesses motor capabilities to perform the action 4. Reinforcement – any procedure that result in an increase of response.

14. Prepared by: Clarissa Thea Ramos Bsped 3