ben-jonson-po-angliyskoy-literature (1).pptx

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1. Ben Jonson (1573-1637) Jonson was born in Westminster. His father , a clergyman died before his birth. Benjamin Jonson   was an English playwright , poet and actor . Jonson's artistry exerted a lasting influence on English poetry and stage comedy . He popularised the   comedy of humours ; he is best known for the   satirical   plays  

2. Jonson's father lost his property, was imprisoned, and, as a Protestant, suffered  forfeiture  under  Queen Mary . Becoming a clergyman upon his release, he died a month before his son's birth. [6]  His widow married a master  bricklayer  two years later.

3. Benjamin “Ben” Jonson Was an English Renaissance dramatist, poet and actor . He is best known for his satirical  plays,particularly   ” Every Man in His Humour   ”, “ The Alchemist ”, ” Volpone ”,  ” Bartholomew Fair ”. He is regarded as "the second most important English dramatist, after  William Shakespeare , during the reign of  James I .

4. Jonson was a  classically educated , well-read and cultured man of the  English Renaissance  with an appetite for controversy (personal and political, artistic and intellectual). His cultural influence was of unparalleled breadth upon the playwrights and the poets of the  Jacobean era  (1603–1625) and of the  Caroline era  (1625–1642). His ancestors spelt the family name with a letter "t" ( Johnstone or Johnstoun ). While the spelling had eventually changed to the more common "Johnson", the playwright's own particular preference became "Jonson".

5. Education Ben was educated at Westminster School by William Camden, a great historian. Jonson received honorary degrees from both Oxford and Camridge without attending them .

6. Jonson attended school in  St Martin's Lane  in London .  Later, a family friend paid for his studies at  Westminster School , where the  antiquarian , historian,  topographer  and  officer of arms   William Camden  was one of his masters. The pupil and master became friends, and the intellectual influence of Camden's broad-ranging scholarship upon Jonson's art and  literary style  remained notable, until Camden's death. At Westminster School he met the Welsh poet  Hugh Holland , with whom he established an "enduring relationship“.

7. On leaving Westminster School in 1589, Jonson attended  St John's College, Cambridge , to continue his book learning. However, because of his unwilled apprenticeship to his bricklayer stepfather, he returned after a month .   1685 y

8. After having been an apprentice bricklayer, Jonson went to the  Netherlands  and volunteered to soldier with the English regiments of Sir  Francis Vere  in  Flanders . England was allied with the Dutch in their  fight for independence  as well as the  ongoing war with Spain . Sir Francis Vere was a prominent English soldier serving under Queen Elizabeth I fighting mainly in the Low Countries during the Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604) and the Eighty Years' War.

9. Career In 1595 he returned to England and began working as an actor and playwright, soon he became a dramatist of the 1 st rank . As an actor , he was the protagonist " Hieronimo " ( Geronimo ) in the play   The Spanish Tragedy  ( c.  1586), by   Thomas Kyd , the first   revenge tragedy   in English literature . By 1597, he was a working playwright employed by   Philip Henslowe , the leading producer for the English public theatre ; by the next year , the production of   Every Man in His Humour  (1598) had established Jonson's reputation as a dramatist .

10. Antagonist . The main character opposed to the author’s principle character, the protagonist. Protagonist. The main character around whom the plot revolves .

11. plot ( plaht ): the sequence of events in a story. the plot includes the opening event (what happens at the beginning/the main problem that the main character faces), the rising action (what happens to intensify the problem), the climax (when the problem reaches its most intense point and begins to be resolved), the falling action (what happens to solve the problem), and the resolution (how things end).

12. By summer 1597, Jonson had a fixed engagement in the  Admiral's Men , then performing under  Philip Henslowe 's management at  The Rose .   John Aubrey  reports, on uncertain authority, that Jonson was not successful as an actor; whatever his skills as an actor, he was more valuable to the company as a writer . By this time Jonson had begun to write original plays for the Admiral's Men ; None of his early tragedies survive, however. An undated comedy,  The Case is Altered , may be his earliest surviving play. The  Admiral's Men   was a  playing company  or troupe of actors in the  Elizabethan  and  Stuart  eras.

13. In 1597, a play which he co-wrote with  Thomas Nashe ,  The Isle of Dogs , was suppressed after causing great offence. Arrest warrants for Jonson and Nashe were issued by Queen  Elizabeth I 's so-called interrogator,  Richard Topcliffe . Jonson was jailed in  Marshalsea Prison  and charged with " Leude and mutynous behaviour ", while Nashe managed to escape to  Great Yarmouth . Two of the actors,  Gabriel Spenser  and Robert Shaw, were also imprisoned. A year later, Jonson was again briefly imprisoned, this time in  Newgate Prison , for killing Spenser in a  duel  on 22 September 1598 in Hogsden Fields  (today part of  Hoxton ). Tried on a charge of  manslaughter , Jonson pleaded guilty but was released by  benefit of clergy .

14. In 1598 Jonson produced his first great success,  Every Man in His Humour , capitalising on the vogue for humorous plays which  George Chapman  had begun with  An Humorous Day's Mirth .  William Shakespeare  was among the first actors to be cast. Jonson followed this in 1599 with  Every Man out of His Humour , a pedantic attempt to imitate  Aristophanes .

15. At the beginning of the English reign of  James I  in 1603 Jonson joined other poets and playwrights in welcoming the new king.  From 1605 Ben started writing masques, plays presented at court and acted mainly by the nobility and even royalty (involved music, dancing, singing,allegory , compliment to the monarchs ). In 1616 Jonson received a yearly pension of 100  marks  (about £60), leading some to identify him as England's first  Poet Laureate . This sign of royal favour may have encouraged him to publish the first volume of the folio-collected edition of his works that year .  Other volumes followed in 1640–41 and 1692.

16. The period between 1605 and 1620 may be viewed as Jonson's heyday. By 1616 he had produced all the plays on which his present reputation as a dramatist is based, including the tragedy  Catiline  (acted and printed 1611), which achieved limited success  and the comedies  Volpone  (acted 1605 and printed in 1607),  Epicoene , or the Silent Woman  (1609),  The Alchemist  (1610),  Bartholomew Fair  (1614) and  The Devil Is an Ass  (1616 ).   The Alchemist  and  Volpone  were immediately successful.  Jonson's productivity began to decline in the 1620s, but he remained well-known. In that time, the  Sons of Ben  or the "Tribe of Ben", those younger poets such as  Robert Herrick ,  Richard Lovelace , and  Sir John Suckling  who took their bearing in verse from Jonson, rose to prominence. However, a series of setbacks drained his strength and damaged his reputation. He resumed writing regular plays in the 1620s, but these are not considered among his best. 

17. Despite the strokes that he suffered in the 1620s, Jonson continued to write. At his death in 1637 he seems to have been working on another play,  The Sad Shepherd . Though only two acts are extant, this represents a remarkable new direction for Jonson: a move into  pastoral  drama. 

18. Children The registers of  St Martin-in-the-Fields  record that Mary Jonson, their eldest daughter, died in November 1593, at six months of age. A decade later, in 1603, Benjamin Jonson, their eldest son, died of  bubonic plague  when he was seven years old, upon which Jonson wrote the elegiac " On My First Sonne " (1603). A second son, also named Benjamin Jonson, died in 1635.

19. The ideology of Jonson 1.Loathing and decaying feudal aristocracy. 2.He was close to Puritan Republicanism (their aim was to establish republic instead of monarchy) and hated their views about theatre as a sinful wasting of time. 3.Theatre is a mighty weapon in the moral improvement of mankind.

20. Among Jonson’s followers there were some novelists of the Enlightenment and later such writers as Charles Dickens , Bernard Shaw and Priestley.

21. Jonson died on 6 August 1637. He died in London .  His funeral was held the next day. It was attended by "all or the greatest part of the nobility then in town ". He was buried in the north aisle of the nave in Westminster Abbey.He died in poverty, stricken by paralysis . Ben left his drama “The Sad Sheperd ” unfinished.

22. Plays A Tale of a Tub , comedy (c. 1596  revised performed 1633; printed 1640) The Isle of Dogs , comedy (1597, with   Thomas Nashe ; lost ) The Case is Altered , comedy (c. 1597–98; printed 1609), possibly with   Henry Porter   and   Anthony Munday Every Man in His Humour , comedy ( performed 1598; printed 1601) Every Man out of His Humour , comedy ( performed 1599; printed 1600) Cynthia's Revels  ( performed 1600; printed 1601) The Poetaster , comedy ( performed 1601; printed 1602) Sejanus His Fall , tragedy ( performed 1603; printed 1605) Eastward Ho , comedy ( performed and printed 1605), a collaboration with   John Marston   and   George Chapman Volpone , comedy (c. 1605–06; printed 1607) Epicoene , or the Silent Woman , comedy ( performed 1609; printed 1616) The Alchemist , comedy ( performed 1610; printed 1612) Catiline His Conspiracy , tragedy ( performed and printed 1611) Bartholomew Fair , comedy ( performed 31 October 1614; printed 1631) The Devil is an Ass , comedy ( performed 1616; printed 1631) The Staple of News , comedy ( completed by Feb . 1626; printed 1631) The New Inn , or The Light Heart , comedy ( licensed 19 January 1629; printed 1631) The Magnetic Lady , or Humours Reconciled , comedy ( lic . 12 October 1632; printed 1641) The Sad Shepherd ,   pastoral (c. 1637, printed 1641), unfinished Mortimer His Fall , history ( printed 1641), a fragment

23. Other works Epigrams  (1612) The Forest  (1616), including  To Penshurst On My First Sonne  (1616),  elegy A Discourse of Love  (1618) Barclay 's  Argenis , translated by Jonson (1623) The Execration against Vulcan  (1640) Horace's Art of Poetry , translated by Jonson (1640), with a  commendatory verse  by  Edward Herbert Underwood  (1640) English Grammar  (1640) Timber, or Discoveries made upon men and matter, as they have flowed out of his daily readings, or had their reflux to his peculiar notion of the times , (London, 1641) a  commonplace book To Celia   (Drink to Me Only With Thine Eyes) , poem It is in Jonson's  Timber, or Discoveries...  that he famously quipped on the manner in which language became a measure of the speaker or writer .

24. Masques The Coronation Triumph , or   The King's Entertainment  ( performed 15 March 1604; printed 1604); with   Thomas Dekker A Private Entertainment of the King and Queen on May-Day ( The Penates )  (1 May 1604; printed 1616) The Entertainment of the Queen and Prince Henry at Althorp  ( The Satyr )  (25 June 1603; printed 1604) The Masque of Blackness  (6 January 1605; printed 1608) Hymenaei  (5 January 1606; printed 1606) The Entertainment of the Kings of Great Britain and Denmark  ( The Hours )  (24 July 1606; printed 1616) The Masque of Beauty  (10 January 1608; printed 1608) The Masque of Queens  (2 February 1609; printed 1609) The Hue and Cry After Cupid , or   The Masque at Lord Haddington's Marriage  (9 February 1608; printed  c. 1608) The Entertainment at Britain's Burse  (11 April 1609; lost , rediscovered 1997) [63] The Speeches at Prince Henry's Barriers , or   The Lady of the Lake  (6 January 1610; printed 1616) Oberon , the Faery Prince  (1 January 1611; printed 1616) Love Freed from Ignorance and Folly  (3 February 1611; printed 1616) Love Restored  (6 January 1612; printed 1616) A Challenge at Tilt , at a Marriage  (27 December 1613/1 January 1614; printed 1616) The Irish Masque at Court  (29 December 1613; printed 1616) Mercury Vindicated from the Alchemists  (6 January 1615; printed 1616) The Golden Age Restored  (1 January 1616; printed 1616) Christmas , His Masque  ( Christmas 1616; printed 1641) The Vision of Delight  (6 January 1617; printed 1641) Lovers Made Men , or   The Masque of Lethe ,   or   The Masque at Lord Hay's  (22 February 1617; printed 1617) Pleasure Reconciled to Virtue  (6 January 1618; printed 1641) The masque was a failure ; Jonson revised it by placing the anti-masque first , turning it into : For the Honour of Wales  (17 February 1618; printed 1641) News from the New World Discovered in the Moon  (7 January 1620: printed 1641) The Entertainment at Blackfriars , or The Newcastle Entertainment  ( May 1620?; MS) Pan's Anniversary , or The Shepherd's Holy-Day  (19 June 1620?; printed 1641) The Gypsies Metamorphosed  (3 and 5 August 1621; printed 1640) The Masque of Augurs  (6 January 1622; printed 1622) Time Vindicated to Himself and to His Honours  (19 January 1623; printed 1623) Neptune's Triumph for the Return of Albion  (26 January 1624; printed 1624) The Masque of Owls at Kenilworth  (19 August 1624; printed 1641) The Fortunate Isles and Their Union  (9 January 1625; printed 1625) Love's Triumph Through Callipolis  (9 January 1631; printed 1631) Chloridia : Rites to Chloris and Her Nymphs  (22 February 1631; printed 1631) The King's Entertainment at Welbeck in Nottinghamshire  (21 May 1633; printed 1641) Love's Welcome at Bolsover  (30 July 1634; printed 1641)