Bentham & Hooker System of Plant Classification.pptx

The PPT include detailed account of Bentham and Hooker Classification. It is helpful to undergraduate, postgraduate students.

1. BENTHAM & HOOKER’s CLASSIFICATION (Part – I) Dr. Rafik U. Shaikh (M.Sc., Ph.D., F.I.A.S.I.) Assistant Professor Department of Botany AKI’S Poona College of Arts, Science & Commerce Camp, Pune - 411001

2. George Bentham (1800-1884) Bentham in his earlier years studied law and philosophy. He travelled extensively, making botanical collections, which he ultimately presented to the Herbarium at Kew. Bentham's Handbook of the British Flora (published in 1858) is still the standard guide to the naming of native plants of Great Britain. He was president of the Linnean Society from 1861 to 1874. He was also made a fellow of the Royal Society in 1864.

3. Joseph Dalton Hooker (1817-1911) Despite having been one of the 19 th century’s most influential scientific figures, if Hooker is remembered at all today, it is because he was one of Charles Darwin’s closest friends.   In 1855 he was appointed Assistant Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and in 1865 he succeeded his father as full Director, holding the post for 20 years. He was the author of numerous scientific papers and monographs, and his larger books included the  Flora of British India , published in 7 volumes

4. Proposed Natural system of plant classification Published a book “ Genera Plantarum ” (1862 - 1883) in Three Volumes 97,205 flowering plant species 7,569 Genera 202 Families / Orders (199 Angiosperms, 3 Gymnosperms) Highlights of Classification

5. Plant Kingdom Cryptogams Phanerogams Gymnospermae Dicotyledons Monocotyledons Polypetalae Gamopetalae Monochlamydeae Tha lami florae Disciflorae Calyciflorae Inferae Heteromerae Bicarpellatae Curvembryeae Multiovulatae aqaticae Multiovulatae terrestris Microembryeae Daphnales Achlamydosporeae Unisexuals Ordines anomali Gnetaceae Coniferae Cycadaceae Epigynae Microspermae Calycineae Apocarpae Glumaceae Coronarieae Nudiflorae

6. Two cotyledons, Reticulate venation, Tap root, Pentamerous flowers Ovules are naked, typical flower is absent One cotyledon, Parallel venation, Adventitious root, Trimerous flowers

7. Corolla having free/ separate petals Corolla having Fused/ United petals Corolla is Absent

8. Numerous Stamens, Flower is hypogynous & disc is absent Hypogynous flower, disc is present below the ovary Flower is perigynous / epigynous, ovary inferior

9. Gamopetalae (3 series)

10. Curvembryeae (6 families) Multiovulatae aqaticae (1 family) Multiovulatae terrestris (3 families) Microembryeae (4 families) Monochlamydeae (8 series) Usually single ovule, embryo is curved (coiled) Numerous ovules, Plants are aquatic Numerous ovules, Plants are terrestrial Embryo is very small / minute

11. Daphnales (5 families) Achlamydosporeae (3 families) Unisexuales (9 families) Ordines anomali (9 families) Ovary is monocarpellary and single ovuled One locular inferior ovary with few ovules Flowers are unisexual Taxa with uncertain relationship Monochlamydeae (Continued……)

12. Unbranched & hard stem, large pinnately compound leaves, compact male cone & loose female cone Branched & hard stem, Simple needle like leaves, compact male & female cone Woody stem, Lianas, Leaves are broad; simple with reticulate venation, male & female cone have flower like structures. Gymnospermae (3 Orders)

13. Ovary is inferior with large seeds Perianth is coloured, ovary is superior Perianth is green, ovary is superior Ovary is inferior with minute seeds

14. Perianth is absent, ovary is superior Gynoecium with free carpels Perianth is reduced to glumes, bracts are large and scaly

15. Demerits of Classification

16. Thank you