Bio IGCSE- Genetic Engineering.
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Jun 02, 2021
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About This Presentation
Genetic Engineering.
Slide Content
What do you think?
What do these things have in common?
What do these things have in common?
What do you think?
They have all been genetically modified!
They have all been genetically modified!
What is genetic
engineering?
Learning Objective
engineering?
Learning Objective
•To statewhat genetic engineering is
•To explainthe ways genetic engineering is carried out
•To describesome applications of genetic engineering
Learning Outcomes
•To explainthe ways genetic engineering is carried out
•To describesome applications of genetic engineering
Learning Outcomes
Geneticengineering
code proteins DNA gene
____is the genetic material found in
every cell nucleus.
It contains the genetic ____ which
dictates all the inherited characteristics
of an organism.
It does this by controlling the
manufacture of ______.
Each ____controls the instructions for
one protein.
code proteins DNA gene
____is the genetic material found in
every cell nucleus.
It contains the genetic ____ which
dictates all the inherited characteristics
of an organism.
It does this by controlling the
manufacture of ______.
Each ____controls the instructions for
one protein.
Geneticengineering
DNA is the genetic material found in
every cell nucleus.
It contains the genetic ____ which
dictates all the inherited
characteristics of an organism.
It does this by controlling the
manufacture of ______.
Each ____controls the instructions
for one protein.
Words: code proteins DNA gene
code proteins DNA gene
DNA is the genetic material found in
every cell nucleus.
It contains the genetic ____ which
dictates all the inherited
characteristics of an organism.
It does this by controlling the
manufacture of ______.
Each ____controls the instructions
for one protein.
Words: code proteins DNA gene
code proteins DNA gene
Geneticengineering
DNA is the genetic material found in
every cell nucleus.
It contains the genetic codewhich
dictates all the inherited
characteristics of an organism.
It does this by controlling the
manufacture of ______.
Each ____controls the instructions
for one protein.
Words: code proteins DNA gene
code proteins DNA gene
DNA is the genetic material found in
every cell nucleus.
It contains the genetic codewhich
dictates all the inherited
characteristics of an organism.
It does this by controlling the
manufacture of ______.
Each ____controls the instructions
for one protein.
Words: code proteins DNA gene
code proteins DNA gene
Geneticengineering
DNA is the genetic material found in
every cell nucleus.
It contains the genetic codewhich
dictates all the inherited
characteristics of an organism.
It does this by controlling the
manufacture of proteins.
Each ____controls the instructions
for one protein.
Words: code proteins DNA gene
code proteins DNA gene
DNA is the genetic material found in
every cell nucleus.
It contains the genetic codewhich
dictates all the inherited
characteristics of an organism.
It does this by controlling the
manufacture of proteins.
Each ____controls the instructions
for one protein.
Words: code proteins DNA gene
code proteins DNA gene
Geneticengineering
DNA is the genetic material found in
every cell nucleus.
It contains the genetic codewhich
dictates all the inherited
characteristics of an organism.
It does this by controlling the
manufacture of proteins.
Each genecontrols the instructions
for one protein.
Words: code proteins DNA gene
code proteins DNA gene
DNA is the genetic material found in
every cell nucleus.
It contains the genetic codewhich
dictates all the inherited
characteristics of an organism.
It does this by controlling the
manufacture of proteins.
Each genecontrols the instructions
for one protein.
Words: code proteins DNA gene
code proteins DNA gene
Geneticengineering
If something has been genetically modified, what does
that mean?
If something has been genetically modified, what does
that mean?
Geneticengineering
If something has been genetically modified, what does
that mean?
The g______ in an organism have been
c______ in some way, often to give the
organism more desirable c____________.
If something has been genetically modified, what does
that mean?
The g______ in an organism have been
c______ in some way, often to give the
organism more desirable c____________.
Geneticengineering
If something has been genetically modified, what does
that mean?
The genesin an organism have been
c______ in some way, often to give the
organism more desirable c____________.
If something has been genetically modified, what does
that mean?
The genesin an organism have been
c______ in some way, often to give the
organism more desirable c____________.
Geneticengineering
If something has been genetically modified, what does
that mean?
The genesin an organism have been
changedin some way, often to give the
organism more desirable c____________.
If something has been genetically modified, what does
that mean?
The genesin an organism have been
changedin some way, often to give the
organism more desirable c____________.
Geneticengineering
If something has been genetically modified, what does
that mean?
The genesin an organism have been
changedin some way, often to give the
organism more desirable characteristics.
If something has been genetically modified, what does
that mean?
The genesin an organism have been
changedin some way, often to give the
organism more desirable characteristics.
Geneticengineering
What does it look like
the scientist is doing?
What does it look like
the scientist is doing?
Geneticengineering
What does it look like
the scientist is doing?
Genetic engineering often
involves removing a gene
from one organism, and
inserting it into the DNA of
another. By doing this we
can alter the characteristics
of living things!
What does it look like
the scientist is doing?
Genetic engineering often
involves removing a gene
from one organism, and
inserting it into the DNA of
another. By doing this we
can alter the characteristics
of living things!
Geneticengineering
This recombining of DNA
from two different organisms
producesrecombinantDNA
and this is the basis of
genetic engineering.
This recombining of DNA
from two different organisms
producesrecombinantDNA
and this is the basis of
genetic engineering.
Geneticengineering
What do we call organisms
that receives the gene
from a different species?
This recombining of DNA
from two different organisms
producesrecombinantDNA
and this is the basis of
genetic engineering.
What do we call organisms
that receives the gene
from a different species?
This recombining of DNA
from two different organisms
producesrecombinantDNA
and this is the basis of
genetic engineering.
Geneticengineering
This recombining of DNA
from two different organisms
producesrecombinantDNA
and this is the basis of
genetic engineering.
This recombining of DNA
from two different organisms
producesrecombinantDNA
and this is the basis of
genetic engineering.
Geneticengineering
The transgenic organism
receiving the new gene now
has an added capability.
The transgenic organism
receiving the new gene now
has an added capability.
•To statewhat genetic engineering is
•To explainthe ways genetic engineering is carried out
•To describesome applications of genetic engineering
Learning Outcomes
•To explainthe ways genetic engineering is carried out
•To describesome applications of genetic engineering
Learning Outcomes
Learning Outcomes
•To statewhat genetic engineering is
•To explainthe ways genetic engineering is carried out
•To describesome applications of genetic engineering
•To statewhat genetic engineering is
•To explainthe ways genetic engineering is carried out
•To describesome applications of genetic engineering
Geneticengineering
Many organisms have been genetically engineered.
Many organisms have been genetically engineered.
Geneticengineering
Many organisms have been genetically engineered.
•Cotton –to produce high yields
Many organisms have been genetically engineered.
•Cotton –to produce high yields
Geneticengineering
Many organisms have been genetically engineered.
•Cotton –to produce high yields
•Corn –to produce toxins
(poison) that kill insects
Many organisms have been genetically engineered.
•Cotton –to produce high yields
•Corn –to produce toxins
(poison) that kill insects
Geneticengineering
Many organisms have been genetically engineered.
•Cotton –to produce high yields
•Corn –to produce toxins
(poison) that kill insects
•Bacteria –to produce
medicinal drugs.
Many organisms have been genetically engineered.
•Cotton –to produce high yields
•Corn –to produce toxins
(poison) that kill insects
•Bacteria –to produce
medicinal drugs.
Geneticengineering
The break through in being able to transfer DNA from cell to cell
came when it was found that bacteria have two sorts of DNA.
P______B_______
c_________
The break through in being able to transfer DNA from cell to cell
came when it was found that bacteria have two sorts of DNA.
P______B_______
c_________
Geneticengineering
The break through in being able to transfer DNA from cell to cell
came when it was found that bacteria have two sorts of DNA.
P______Bacterial
chromosome
The break through in being able to transfer DNA from cell to cell
came when it was found that bacteria have two sorts of DNA.
P______Bacterial
chromosome
Geneticengineering
The break through in being able to transfer DNA from cell to cell
came when it was found that bacteria have two sorts of DNA.
PlasmidBacterial
chromosome
The break through in being able to transfer DNA from cell to cell
came when it was found that bacteria have two sorts of DNA.
PlasmidBacterial
chromosome
Geneticengineering
Scientistsfoundwaysoftransferring plasmids from one bacterium
to another. The next stage was to find molecular “scissors” and
molecular “glue” that could cut out genes from one molecule of
DNA and stick them back into another.
PlasmidBacterial
chromosome
Scientistsfoundwaysoftransferring plasmids from one bacterium
to another. The next stage was to find molecular “scissors” and
molecular “glue” that could cut out genes from one molecule of
DNA and stick them back into another.
PlasmidBacterial
chromosome
Geneticengineering
Scientistsfounda way of
cutting DNA using r________
e_____(Restriction
endonucleases) which cut
DNAmoleculesatspecific
points.
Different restrictionenzymes
cut DNA at different places.
Theycanbeusedtocutout
specificgenesfroma
moleculeofDNA.
Scientistsalso discovered
l_____ (orDNA ligases) that
join the cut ends of DNA
molecules.
Scientistsfounda way of
cutting DNA using r________
e_____(Restriction
endonucleases) which cut
DNAmoleculesatspecific
points.
Different restrictionenzymes
cut DNA at different places.
Theycanbeusedtocutout
specificgenesfroma
moleculeofDNA.
Scientistsalso discovered
l_____ (orDNA ligases) that
join the cut ends of DNA
molecules.
Geneticengineering
Scientistsfounda way of
cutting DNA using restriction
enzymes(Restriction
endonucleases) which cut
DNAmoleculesatspecific
points.
Different restrictionenzymes
cut DNA at different places.
Theycanbeusedtocutout
specificgenesfroma
moleculeofDNA.
Scientistsalso discovered
l_____ (orDNA ligases) that
join the cut ends of DNA
molecules.
Scientistsfounda way of
cutting DNA using restriction
enzymes(Restriction
endonucleases) which cut
DNAmoleculesatspecific
points.
Different restrictionenzymes
cut DNA at different places.
Theycanbeusedtocutout
specificgenesfroma
moleculeofDNA.
Scientistsalso discovered
l_____ (orDNA ligases) that
join the cut ends of DNA
molecules.
Geneticengineering
Scientistsfounda way of
cutting DNA using restriction
enzymes(Restriction
endonucleases) which cut
DNAmoleculesatspecific
points.
Different restrictionenzymes
cut DNA at different places.
Theycanbeusedtocutout
specificgenesfroma
moleculeofDNA.
Scientistsalso discovered
ligases(orDNA ligases) that
join the cut ends of DNA
molecules.
Scientistsfounda way of
cutting DNA using restriction
enzymes(Restriction
endonucleases) which cut
DNAmoleculesatspecific
points.
Different restrictionenzymes
cut DNA at different places.
Theycanbeusedtocutout
specificgenesfroma
moleculeofDNA.
Scientistsalso discovered
ligases(orDNA ligases) that
join the cut ends of DNA
molecules.
Geneticengineering
Some restriction enzymes
make a straight cut and
the fragments of DNA they
produce are said to have
“b___” ends.
Some restriction enzymes
make a straight cut and
the fragments of DNA they
produce are said to have
“b___” ends.
Geneticengineering
Some restriction enzymes
make a straight cut and
the fragments of DNA they
produce are said to have
“blunt” ends.
Some restriction enzymes
make a straight cut and
the fragments of DNA they
produce are said to have
“blunt” ends.
Geneticengineering
Other restriction
enzymes make a
staggered cut. These
produce fragments of
DNA with overlapping
ends with
complementary
bases. These
overlapping ends are
called “s____ e___”
because fragments of
DNA with exposed
bases are more easily
joined by ligase
enzymes.
Other restriction
enzymes make a
staggered cut. These
produce fragments of
DNA with overlapping
ends with
complementary
bases. These
overlapping ends are
called “s____ e___”
because fragments of
DNA with exposed
bases are more easily
joined by ligase
enzymes.
Geneticengineering
Other restriction
enzymes make a
staggered cut. These
produce fragments of
DNA with overlapping
ends with
complementary
bases. These
overlapping ends are
called “sticky ends”
because fragments of
DNA with exposed
bases are more easily
joined by ligase
enzymes.
Other restriction
enzymes make a
staggered cut. These
produce fragments of
DNA with overlapping
ends with
complementary
bases. These
overlapping ends are
called “sticky ends”
because fragments of
DNA with exposed
bases are more easily
joined by ligase
enzymes.
Geneticengineering
Biologists now had a
method of
transferring a gene
from any cell into a
bacterium. They
could insert the gene
into a p_____and
then transfer the
plasmid into a
bacterium.
The plasmid is called
a v____because it is
the means of
transferring the gene.
Biologists now had a
method of
transferring a gene
from any cell into a
bacterium. They
could insert the gene
into a p_____and
then transfer the
plasmid into a
bacterium.
The plasmid is called
a v____because it is
the means of
transferring the gene.
Geneticengineering
Biologists now had a
method of
transferring a gene
from any cell into a
bacterium. They
could insert the gene
into a plasmidand
then transfer the
plasmid into a
bacterium.
The plasmid is called
a v____because it is
the means of
transferring the gene.
Biologists now had a
method of
transferring a gene
from any cell into a
bacterium. They
could insert the gene
into a plasmidand
then transfer the
plasmid into a
bacterium.
The plasmid is called
a v____because it is
the means of
transferring the gene.
Geneticengineering
Biologists now had a
method of
transferring a gene
from any cell into a
bacterium. They
could insert the gene
into a plasmidand
then transfer the
plasmid into a
bacterium.
The plasmid is called
a vectorbecause it is
the means of
transferring the gene.
Biologists now had a
method of
transferring a gene
from any cell into a
bacterium. They
could insert the gene
into a plasmidand
then transfer the
plasmid into a
bacterium.
The plasmid is called
a vectorbecause it is
the means of
transferring the gene.
Geneticengineering
The main processes involved in producing a transgenic bacterium are
shown below:
The main processes involved in producing a transgenic bacterium are
shown below:
Geneticengineering
Another vector that has
been used to introduce
foreign DNA into bacterial
cells istheb__________.
Abacteriophage, or phage, is
av___that attacks a
bacterium. It does this by
attaching to the cell wall of
the bacterium and injecting
its own D__into the
bacterial cell. This DNA
becomes incorporated into
the DNA of the b______cell,
and eventually causes the
production of many virus
particles.
Another vector that has
been used to introduce
foreign DNA into bacterial
cells istheb__________.
Abacteriophage, or phage, is
av___that attacks a
bacterium. It does this by
attaching to the cell wall of
the bacterium and injecting
its own D__into the
bacterial cell. This DNA
becomes incorporated into
the DNA of the b______cell,
and eventually causes the
production of many virus
particles.
Geneticengineering
Another vector that has
been used to introduce
foreign DNA into bacterial
cells isthebacteriophage.
Abacteriophage, or phage, is
av___that attacks a
bacterium. It does this by
attaching to the cell wall of
the bacterium and injecting
its own D__into the
bacterial cell. This DNA
becomes incorporated into
the DNA of the b______cell,
and eventually causes the
production of many virus
particles.
Another vector that has
been used to introduce
foreign DNA into bacterial
cells isthebacteriophage.
Abacteriophage, or phage, is
av___that attacks a
bacterium. It does this by
attaching to the cell wall of
the bacterium and injecting
its own D__into the
bacterial cell. This DNA
becomes incorporated into
the DNA of the b______cell,
and eventually causes the
production of many virus
particles.
Geneticengineering
Another vector that has
been used to introduce
foreign DNA into bacterial
cells isthebacteriophage.
Abacteriophage, or phage, is
avirusthat attacks a
bacterium. It does this by
attaching to the cell wall of
the bacterium and injecting
its own D__into the
bacterial cell. This DNA
becomes incorporated into
the DNA of the b______cell,
and eventually causes the
production of many virus
particles.
Another vector that has
been used to introduce
foreign DNA into bacterial
cells isthebacteriophage.
Abacteriophage, or phage, is
avirusthat attacks a
bacterium. It does this by
attaching to the cell wall of
the bacterium and injecting
its own D__into the
bacterial cell. This DNA
becomes incorporated into
the DNA of the b______cell,
and eventually causes the
production of many virus
particles.
Geneticengineering
Another vector that has
been used to introduce
foreign DNA into bacterial
cells isthebacteriophage.
Abacteriophage, or phage, is
avirusthat attacks a
bacterium. It does this by
attaching to the cell wall of
the bacterium and injecting
its own DNAinto the
bacterial cell. This DNA
becomes incorporated into
the DNA of the b______cell,
and eventually causes the
production of many virus
particles.
Another vector that has
been used to introduce
foreign DNA into bacterial
cells isthebacteriophage.
Abacteriophage, or phage, is
avirusthat attacks a
bacterium. It does this by
attaching to the cell wall of
the bacterium and injecting
its own DNAinto the
bacterial cell. This DNA
becomes incorporated into
the DNA of the b______cell,
and eventually causes the
production of many virus
particles.
Geneticengineering
Another vector that has
been used to introduce
foreign DNA into bacterial
cells isthebacteriophage.
Abacteriophage, or phage, is
avirusthat attacks a
bacterium. It does this by
attaching to the cell wall of
the bacterium and injecting
its own DNAinto the
bacterial cell. This DNA
becomes incorporated into
the DNA of the bacterialcell,
and eventually causes the
production of many virus
particles.
Another vector that has
been used to introduce
foreign DNA into bacterial
cells isthebacteriophage.
Abacteriophage, or phage, is
avirusthat attacks a
bacterium. It does this by
attaching to the cell wall of
the bacterium and injecting
its own DNAinto the
bacterial cell. This DNA
becomes incorporated into
the DNA of the bacterialcell,
and eventually causes the
production of many virus
particles.
•To statewhat genetic engineering is
•To explainthe ways genetic engineering is carried out
•To describesome applications of genetic engineering
Learning Outcomes
•To explainthe ways genetic engineering is carried out
•To describesome applications of genetic engineering
Learning Outcomes
Learning Outcomes
•To statewhat genetic engineering is
•To explainthe ways genetic engineering is carried out
•To describesome applications of genetic engineering
•To statewhat genetic engineering is
•To explainthe ways genetic engineering is carried out
•To describesome applications of genetic engineering
Geneticengineering
Bacteria can be
genetically
engineered to
produce many useful
chemicals including
hormones, vaccines
and antibiotics.
Bacteria can be
genetically
engineered to
produce many useful
chemicals including
hormones, vaccines
and antibiotics.
Geneticengineering
Insulin, needed to treat
Type 1 diabetes, used to
be extracted from dead
pigs and cows but was not
compatible with some
people and there were
religions which could not
use it.
Insulin, needed to treat
Type 1 diabetes, used to
be extracted from dead
pigs and cows but was not
compatible with some
people and there were
religions which could not
use it.
Geneticengineering
Insulin, needed to treat
Type 1 diabetes, used to
be extracted from dead
pigs and cows but was not
compatible with some
people and there were
religions which could not
use it.
Insulin, needed to treat
Type 1 diabetes, used to
be extracted from dead
pigs and cows but was not
compatible with some
people and there were
religions which could not
use it.
Geneticengineering
Insulin, needed to treat
Type 1 diabetes, used to
be extracted from dead
pigs and cows but was not
compatible with some
people and there were
religions which could not
use it.
GM bacteria can be used
to produce insulin.
Insulin, needed to treat
Type 1 diabetes, used to
be extracted from dead
pigs and cows but was not
compatible with some
people and there were
religions which could not
use it.
GM bacteria can be used
to produce insulin.
Geneticengineering
Match the label to the diagram:
Match the label to the diagram:
Geneticengineering
Match the label to the diagram:
Match the label to the diagram:
Geneticengineering
Match the label to the diagram:
Match the label to the diagram:
Geneticengineering
Match the label to the diagram:
Match the label to the diagram:
Geneticengineering
Match the label to the diagram:
Match the label to the diagram:
Geneticengineering
Match the label to the diagram:
Match the label to the diagram:
Geneticengineering
Match the label to the diagram:
Match the label to the diagram:
Study each picture carefully. They show the
process of genetically engineering bacteria to
produce human insulin.
process of genetically engineering bacteria to
produce human insulin.
Match up the description
to the correct picture.
The human insulin
gene has to be
located in the
human genome.
to the correct picture.
The human insulin
gene has to be
located in the
human genome.
Match up the description
to the correct picture.
The human insulin
gene has to be
located in the
human genome.
to the correct picture.
The human insulin
gene has to be
located in the
human genome.
Match up the description
to the correct picture.
The human insulin
gene has to be cut
out of the
chromosome using
enzymes.
to the correct picture.
The human insulin
gene has to be cut
out of the
chromosome using
enzymes.
Match up the description
to the correct picture.
The human insulin
gene has to be cut
out of the
chromosome using
enzymes.
to the correct picture.
The human insulin
gene has to be cut
out of the
chromosome using
enzymes.
Match up the description
to the correct picture.
Enzymes also cut
open bacterial DNA,
to make room for
the insulin gene.
to the correct picture.
Enzymes also cut
open bacterial DNA,
to make room for
the insulin gene.
Match up the description
to the correct picture.
Enzymes also cut
open bacterial DNA,
to make room for
the insulin gene.
to the correct picture.
Enzymes also cut
open bacterial DNA,
to make room for
the insulin gene.
Match up the description
to the correct picture.The insulin gene is
inserted in to the
bacterial plasmid.
to the correct picture.The insulin gene is
inserted in to the
bacterial plasmid.
Match up the description
to the correct picture.The insulin gene is
inserted in to the
bacterial plasmid.
to the correct picture.The insulin gene is
inserted in to the
bacterial plasmid.
Match up the description
to the correct picture.
The new DNA,
containing the
insulin gene, is
inserted back into
the bacteria.
to the correct picture.
The new DNA,
containing the
insulin gene, is
inserted back into
the bacteria.
Match up the description
to the correct picture.
The new DNA,
containing the
insulin gene, is
inserted back into
the bacteria.
to the correct picture.
The new DNA,
containing the
insulin gene, is
inserted back into
the bacteria.
Match up the description
to the correct picture.
The bacteria is then
allowed to multiply.
It will start
producing the
insulin protein.
to the correct picture.
The bacteria is then
allowed to multiply.
It will start
producing the
insulin protein.
Match up the description
to the correct picture.
The bacteria is then
allowed to multiply.
It will start
producing the
insulin protein.
to the correct picture.
The bacteria is then
allowed to multiply.
It will start
producing the
insulin protein.
Match up the description
to the correct picture.The pure insulin is
extracted and
distributed.
to the correct picture.The pure insulin is
extracted and
distributed.
Match up the description
to the correct picture.The pure insulin is
extracted and
distributed.
to the correct picture.The pure insulin is
extracted and
distributed.
Haemophilia is a disease that prevents blood from clotting.
Sufferers of this disease are unable to produce Factor VIII, a
chemical that clots blood. Describehow bacteria can be genetically
engineered to produce large quantities of Factor VIII for the
treatment of haemophilia.
Geneticengineering
Sufferers of this disease are unable to produce Factor VIII, a
chemical that clots blood. Describehow bacteria can be genetically
engineered to produce large quantities of Factor VIII for the
treatment of haemophilia.
Geneticengineering
Haemophilia is a disease that prevents blood from clotting.
Sufferers of this disease are unable to produce Factor VIII, a
chemical that clots blood. Describehow bacteria can be genetically
engineered to produce large quantities of Factor VIII for the
treatment of haemophilia.
Genes that code for Factor
VIII are isolated and removed
from an organism.
Geneticengineering
Sufferers of this disease are unable to produce Factor VIII, a
chemical that clots blood. Describehow bacteria can be genetically
engineered to produce large quantities of Factor VIII for the
treatment of haemophilia.
Genes that code for Factor
VIII are isolated and removed
from an organism.
Geneticengineering
Haemophilia is a disease that prevents blood from clotting.
Sufferers of this disease are unable to produce Factor VIII, a
chemical that clots blood. Describehow bacteria can be genetically
engineered to produce large quantities of Factor VIII for the
treatment of haemophilia.
Genes that code for Factor
VIII are isolated and removed
from an organism.
Gene for Factor VIII is
inserted into bacteria.
Geneticengineering
Sufferers of this disease are unable to produce Factor VIII, a
chemical that clots blood. Describehow bacteria can be genetically
engineered to produce large quantities of Factor VIII for the
treatment of haemophilia.
Genes that code for Factor
VIII are isolated and removed
from an organism.
Gene for Factor VIII is
inserted into bacteria.
Geneticengineering
Bacteria now produce Factor
VIII. Bacteria multiply many
times and produce large
amounts of clotting factor.
Haemophilia is a disease that prevents blood from clotting.
Sufferers of this disease are unable to produce Factor VIII, a
chemical that clots blood. Describehow bacteria can be genetically
engineered to produce large quantities of Factor VIII for the
treatment of haemophilia.
Genes that code for Factor
VIII are isolated and removed
from an organism.
Gene for Factor VIII is
inserted into bacteria.
Geneticengineering
VIII. Bacteria multiply many
times and produce large
amounts of clotting factor.
Haemophilia is a disease that prevents blood from clotting.
Sufferers of this disease are unable to produce Factor VIII, a
chemical that clots blood. Describehow bacteria can be genetically
engineered to produce large quantities of Factor VIII for the
treatment of haemophilia.
Genes that code for Factor
VIII are isolated and removed
from an organism.
Gene for Factor VIII is
inserted into bacteria.
Geneticengineering
Factor VIII is extracted,
purified and given to
patients.
Bacteria now produce Factor
VIII. Bacteria multiply many
times and produce large
amounts of clotting factor.
Haemophilia is a disease that prevents blood from clotting.
Sufferers of this disease are unable to produce Factor VIII, a
chemical that clots blood. Describehow bacteria can be genetically
engineered to produce large quantities of Factor VIII for the
treatment of haemophilia.
Genes that code for Factor
VIII are isolated and removed
from an organism.
Gene for Factor VIII is
inserted into bacteria.
Geneticengineering
purified and given to
patients.
Bacteria now produce Factor
VIII. Bacteria multiply many
times and produce large
amounts of clotting factor.
Haemophilia is a disease that prevents blood from clotting.
Sufferers of this disease are unable to produce Factor VIII, a
chemical that clots blood. Describehow bacteria can be genetically
engineered to produce large quantities of Factor VIII for the
treatment of haemophilia.
Genes that code for Factor
VIII are isolated and removed
from an organism.
Gene for Factor VIII is
inserted into bacteria.
Geneticengineering
This picture shows how a tomato plant can be
genetically modified to introduce a gene from a
carrot plant that codes for beta-carotene.
Geneticengineering
genetically modified to introduce a gene from a
carrot plant that codes for beta-carotene.
Geneticengineering
What is a GMcrop?
Geneticengineering
Geneticengineering
What is a GMcrop?
Genetically modified crops
have had f_____ g___(from
other organisms) inserted
into their genetic codes
(DNA) in order to give them
desired c___________.
Genetic engineering can be
done with plants, animals,
bacteria and other
microorganisms.
Geneticengineering
Genetically modified crops
have had f_____ g___(from
other organisms) inserted
into their genetic codes
(DNA) in order to give them
desired c___________.
Genetic engineering can be
done with plants, animals,
bacteria and other
microorganisms.
Geneticengineering
What is a GMcrop?
Genetically modified crops
have had foreign genes
(from other organisms)
inserted into their genetic
codes (DNA) in order to give
them desired
c___________. Genetic
engineering can be done
with plants, animals,
bacteria and other
microorganisms.
Geneticengineering
Genetically modified crops
have had foreign genes
(from other organisms)
inserted into their genetic
codes (DNA) in order to give
them desired
c___________. Genetic
engineering can be done
with plants, animals,
bacteria and other
microorganisms.
Geneticengineering
What is a GMcrop?
Genetically modified crops
have had foreign genes
(from other organisms)
inserted into their genetic
codes (DNA) in order to give
them desired
characteristics. Genetic
engineering can be done
with plants, animals,
bacteria and other
microorganisms.
Geneticengineering
Genetically modified crops
have had foreign genes
(from other organisms)
inserted into their genetic
codes (DNA) in order to give
them desired
characteristics. Genetic
engineering can be done
with plants, animals,
bacteria and other
microorganisms.
Geneticengineering
Btcorn is an example of a
genetically modified crop.
Scientists isolated a gene
from a type of soil bacteria
which codes for a toxin
that kills insects to put into
corn. This means that
insecticidesare not
needed for this crop.
Geneticengineering
genetically modified crop.
Scientists isolated a gene
from a type of soil bacteria
which codes for a toxin
that kills insects to put into
corn. This means that
insecticidesare not
needed for this crop.
Geneticengineering
•To statewhat genetic engineering is
•To explainthe ways genetic engineering is carried out
•To describesome applications of genetic engineering
Learning Outcomes
•To explainthe ways genetic engineering is carried out
•To describesome applications of genetic engineering
Learning Outcomes
Learning Outcomes
•To statewhat genetic engineering is
•To explainthe ways genetic engineering is carried out
•To describesome applications of genetic engineering
•To statewhat genetic engineering is
•To explainthe ways genetic engineering is carried out
•To describesome applications of genetic engineering
Exam questions
Exam questions
Exam questions
Exam questions
Exam questions
Exam questions
Exam questions
Exam questions
Exam questions
Exam questions
What is genetic
engineering?
Learning Objective
engineering?
Learning Objective
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