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1. Biography Satyendra Nath Bose born in - January 1, 1894 Died - February 4, 1974 Father name - Satyendra Nath Bose Mother name -

2. Satyendra Nath Bose Satyendra Nath Bose, born on January 1, 1894, in Calcutta (now Kolkata), India, was a renowned mathematician and physicist known for his collaboration with Albert Einstein on a theory related to the gas-like behavior of electromagnetic radiation. He passed away on February 4, 1974, in Calcutta. Throughout his education in high school and college, Satyendra Nath Bose exhibited exceptional brilliance as a student. He consistently secured the first position in all his exams, including those for his graduate and post-graduate degrees. In 1915, he obtained an M.Sc. in mixed mathematics from Presidency College in Calcutta. He later began his teaching career at the University of Dacca (1921–45) and subsequently returned to Calcutta (1945–56). During his lifetime, Satyendra Nath Bose contributed significantly to various scientific fields. He authored numerous scientific publications between 1918 and 1956, which advanced areas such as statistical mechanics, ionosphere’s electromagnetic properties, theories of X-ray crystallography and thermoluminescence , and unification field theory. One of his notable works was “Planck’s Law and the Hypothesis of Light Quanta” (1924), which caught the attention of Albert Einstein, leading to their fruitful collaboration.

3. Early life Bose was born in  Calcutta  (now Kolkata), the eldest of seven children in a  Bengali Kayastha family . He was the only son, with six sisters after him. His ancestral home was in the village Bara Jagulia , in the district of  Nadia , in the  Bengal Presidency . His schooling began at the age of five, near his home. When his family moved to Goabagan , he was admitted into the New Indian School. In his final year of school, he was admitted into the  Hindu School . He passed his entrance examination ( matriculation ) in 1909 and stood fifth in the order of merit. He then joined the intermediate science course at the  Presidency College ,  Calcutta , where his teachers included  Jagadish Chandra Bose ,  Sarada Prasanna Das , and  Prafulla Chandra Ray . Bose received a  Bachelor of Science  in mixed mathematics from  Presidency College , standing first in 1913. Then he joined  Sir Ashutosh Mukherjee's  newly formed  Science College  where he again stood first in the  MSc  mixed mathematics exam in 1915. His marks in the MSc examination created a new record in the annals of the  University of Calcutta , which is yet to be surpassed . After completing his MSc, Bose joined the  Science College, Calcutta University  as a research scholar in 1916 and started his studies in the  theory of relativity . It was an exciting era in the history of scientific progress.  Quantum theory  had just appeared on the horizon and significant results had started pouring in . His father, Surendranath Bose, worked in the Engineering Department of the  East Indian Railway Company . In 1914, at age 20, Satyendra Nath Bose married Ushabati Ghosh,the 11-year-old daughter of a prominent Calcutta physician.They had nine offspring, two of whom died in early childhood. When he died in 1974, he left behind his wife, two sons, and five daughters . As a  polyglot , Bose was well versed in several languages such as  Bengali , English, French, German and  Sanskrit  as well as the poetry of  Lord Tennyson ,  Rabindranath Tagore  and  Kalidasa . He could play the  esraj , an Indian instrument similar to a violin. [15]  He was actively involved in running night schools that came to be known as the Working Men's Institute.

4. education Satyendra Nath Bose was born on January 1, 1894, in Calcutta (now Kolkata), India, into a middle-class Bengali family. From an early age, Bose displayed an extraordinary aptitude for academics and showed a keen interest in mathematics and science. Bose’s academic journey began at the Hindu School in Calcutta, where he excelled in his studies. He continued his education at the Presidency College, Calcutta, where he pursued his undergraduate studies in mathematics. During his time at the Presidency College, he demonstrated exceptional talent and consistently secured top positions in all his examinations. After completing his undergraduate degree, Bose continued his academic pursuit at the University of Calcutta, where he pursued his master’s degree in mixed mathematics. Once again, he achieved remarkable success and obtained his M.Sc. degree in 1915, standing first in the examination. Even in his early life, Satyendra Nath Bose showed a curiosity for scientific research. He was influenced by the works of renowned physicists and mathematicians of his time. He delved deep into the study of mathematics, physics, and other scientific disciplines, nurturing his passion for understanding the intricacies of the universe. Bose’s brilliance in academia and his eagerness for scientific exploration led him to develop a strong foundation in mathematics and theoretical physics. This laid the groundwork for his future contributions to the field of science. Throughout his academic journey, Bose’s dedication and academic prowess gained recognition from his teachers and peers alike. His exceptional intellectual abilities earned him a reputation as one of the brightest minds of his generation. As a young scientist, Bose’s curiosity and passion for scientific inquiry only grew stronger. Little did he know that his work would lead to groundbreaking discoveries in the field of quantum mechanics and lay the foundation for the concept of bosons and Bose-Einstein statistics. Satyendra Nath Bose’s education and early life played a pivotal role in shaping his future as a distinguished physicist. His academic excellence, passion for research, and determination to explore the mysteries of the universe paved the way for his remarkable contributions to science and his lasting legacy in the field of theoretical physics.

5. Satyendra Nath Bose Important Events Date Event January 1, 1894 Satyendra Nath Bose is born in Calcutta (now Kolkata), India 1915 Completes M.Sc. in mixed mathematics from Presidency College, Calcutta 1921 – 1945 Teaches at the University of Dacca 1924 Publishes “Planck’s Law and the Hypothesis of Light Quanta” 1926 Appointed Head of the Department of Physics at Dhaka University 1937 Rabindranath Tagore dedicates his only book on science, “Visva–Parichay,” to Satyendra Nath Bose 1945 – 1956 Returns to Calcutta and continues teaching and research there 1954 Honored with the title Padma Vibhushan by the Indian Government 1958 Becomes a Fellow of the Royal Society and nominated as a member of Rajya Sabha 1959 Appointed as the National Professor, the highest honor in the country for a scholar, a position he held for 15 years. February 4, 1974 Satyendra Nath Bose passes away in Calcutta

6. Satyendra Nath Bose Invention of Bose-Einstein Statistics One of Bose’s most significant contributions to physics came in 1924 when he derived a new statistical formulation known as Bose-Einstein statistics. This statistical theory described the behavior of certain types of particles, later called “bosons,” which include photons (particles of light) and subatomic particles like mesons and certain atomic nuclei. Bose sent his research findings to Albert Einstein, who recognized the importance of Bose’s work and helped publish it in the scientific community. This led to the development of the Bose-Einstein condensate, a state of matter that occurs at extremely low temperatures .

7. Satyendra Nath Bose Later Life and Legacy After his groundbreaking work on Bose-Einstein statistics, Bose continued his academic career in India. He became a professor at the University of Dhaka (now in Bangladesh) and later returned to Kolkata, where he served as a professor at the University of Calcutta. Bose’s contributions to physics and mathematics were widely recognized, and he received numerous honors and awards throughout his career . Satyendra Nath Bose passed away on February 4, 1974, in Kolkata at the age of 80, leaving behind a lasting legacy in the field of quantum mechanics. His work on Bose-Einstein statistics laid the foundation for further advancements in quantum physics and has had a profound impact on our understanding of the behavior of particles at the atomic and subatomic levels. Bose’s contributions to science continue to be celebrated, and his name is honored through various scientific institutions and initiatives, including the prestigious Bose Award for Physics, established in his memory. His pioneering work has inspired generations of physicists and stands as a testament to the brilliance and ingenuity of Indian scientists in the field of theoretical physics .

8. Satyendra Nath Bose Achievements Satyendra Nath Bose’s contributions and achievements in the field of science were remarkable and have left a lasting impact on theoretical physics. Some of his significant achievements include : Advisor to Council of Scientific and Industrial Research:  Following the formation of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Satyendra Nath Bose was appointed as an advisor, recognizing his expertise and knowledge in the field of science . Leadership Roles:  Bose was chosen to lead prestigious scientific institutions, including the Indian Physical Society, the Indian Statistical Institute, and the National Institute of Science. His leadership helped promote scientific research and education in India . General President of Indian Science Congress:  Bose was appointed as the General President of the Indian Science Congress, showcasing his influential position in the scientific community and his dedication to advancing scientific knowledge in the country . Rajya Sabha Nomination:  Bose received a nomination to the Rajya Sabha , the upper house of the Indian Parliament, highlighting his recognition and respect in the political and scientific spheres. Royal Society Fellow:  In 1958, Satyendra Nath Bose was honored with the designation of Fellow of the Royal Society, one of the most prestigious scientific honors in the world, reflecting his significant contributions to science . Padma Vibhushan Award:  In 1954, Bose received the Padma Vibhushan , one of the highest civilian awards in India, for his exceptional contributions to science and theoretical physics . Nobel Prize Nomination:  Although Satyendra Nath Bose was nominated for the Nobel Prize, he did not receive the honor . Nevertheless, his work on quantum mechanics and Bose-Einstein statistics is still regarded as one of the greatest accomplishments of the 20th century .

9. Satyendra Nath Bose Legacy Satyendra Nath Bose’s legacy continues to be celebrated in the world of science. His contributions to quantum mechanics and statistical mechanics have shaped modern theoretical physics. Some of the key aspects of his legacy include : Naming of Bosons:  In honor of Satyendra Nath Bose’s contributions to science, Paul Dirac named elementary subatomic particles with integer spin “bosons.” These particles follow Bose-Einstein statistics and have become fundamental in particle physics . Google Doodle Tribute:  On June 4, 2022, Google paid homage to Satyendra Nath Bose by featuring him on a Google Doodle. This tribute marked the 98th anniversary of Bose sending his groundbreaking quantum formulations to Albert Einstein, acknowledging the significance of his discoveries in quantum mechanics . Immortalized Contributions:  Despite not receiving the Nobel Prize, Satyendra Nath Bose’s name is immortalized in the language of science through the concept of bosons and Bose-Einstein statistics. His work continues to be studied and admired by physicists worldwide . Satyendra Nath Bose’s profound impact on theoretical physics and his relentless pursuit of scientific knowledge have made him one of the most illustrious figures in the history of science. His legacy lives on through his groundbreaking work and the recognition he has received for his exceptional contributions to the field of science.