Biological perspective

Fro TYBA psychology, Mumbai university students. This is abnormal psychology perspective. This is explanation of biological perspective an this PPT will give you a perfect information about it.

1. PSYCHOLOGY PAPER – V Abnormal Psychology

2. Abnormal Psychology TYBA Semester-V {Mumbai University Syllabus} Perspectives of Abnormality Biological Perspective By Pritesh Shinde

3. BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE TO ABNORMALITY Meera Krishnan Theoretical Perspective Biological Perspective Biological Factors Treatment Conclusion

4. Meera Krishnan Meera Krishnan is an Indian-American female. She graduated from college and started working as a biologist in a hospital research laboratory. She has on elder sister, and she felt that her parents favored her sister. Because of some family issues she is no longer in relation with her sister and rarely visits her parents. She rarely drank alcohol and never used any illicit drugs. As she participate in long distance running club she has a good health, enjoy cooking and listening music. She has three depressive episodes since junior year of high school. Each episode has lasted approx. two years and slightly longer. For this she has not previously sought treatment.

5. CONTINUED. . . . Symptoms: - She has been experiencing overwhelming feelings of sadness, not accounted for by bereavement, substance use, or a medical condition. Her symptoms include feelings of worthlessness, tearfulness, loss of interest, sleep disturbances, and loss of appetite. She has experienced recurrent thoughts about death and passive suicidal ideation.

6. Theoretical Perspective An orientation to understanding the causes of human behavior and the treatment of abnormality, is known as ‘Theoretical Perspective’. There are seven different perspectives: 1. Biological 2. Behavioral 3. Humanistic 4. Socio-Cultural 5. Cognitive 6. Psychodynamic 7. Bio Psychosocial

7. Biological Perspective Biological perspective believes that the disturbances in emotions, behavior and cognitive processes are caused by abnormalities in the functioning of the body. It helps to understand the biological causes of abnormalities.

8. BIOLOGICAL FACTORS Neuron : - Neuron is the smallest unit of our nervous system. Neuron is consisted of following parts: - 1. Dendrites 2. Soma 3. Axon 4. Terminal 5. Synapse

9. Continued. . . . According to, biological theory, any changes in structure of neuron can cause abnormality. Any malfunctioning in process of message sending and receiving can cause abnormal behavior. Improper functioning at synapse (a minute gap between two nerve cells), can cause behavioral, emotional, and cognitive changes.

10. Continued. . . . Neurotransmitter : - A  neurotransmitter  is a chemical messenger that carries, boosts, and modulates signals between neurons and other cells in the body . Neurotransmitters carries message from parts of the body to brain or vice-versa through nerves system. These signals travels in electrical and chemical form, from neuron to neuron.

11. Continued. . . . Neurotransmitters Related Disorders Norepinephrine Depressive disorder Anxiety disorders (panic disorders) Serotonin Depressive disorder Anxiety disorder Schizophrenia Anorexia nervosa Substance use disorder Gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) Anxiety disorder Substance use disorder Dopamine Neurocognitive disorder due to Parkinson’s disorder Schizophrenia Eating disorder Substance use disorder Acetylcholine Neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer’s disease opioids Substance use disorder

12. Continued. . . . Brain : - Brain is the portion of the central nervous system that is located within the skull . Brain functions as a primary receiver, organizer, and distributor of information for the body.  Brain controls all the functions in the body. All neurotransmission goes through brain to control reaction to the environment.

13. Continued. . . . Any malfunctioning in the transmission to brain can cause abnormality. As brain is consisting of grey matter and white matter. Balance between the proportion of Grey matter and White matter also matters for the proper functioning of brain. All the nerves are connected to the brain. Any impairment or improper functioning causes changes in behavior. Brain controls all the nerves so any malfunctioning in brain can causes severe problems, abnormal behavior is one of them.

14. Continued. . . . Endocrine System: -  The  endocrine system  is a series of glands throughout the body that secrete chemicals (hormones) into the bloodstream; hormones, in turn, affect body functions . Endocrine glands are ductless glands. It directly secretes into bloodstream. So, this hormones (chemical secretions by endocrine glands) go to the each part of the body. They are located at such places so they can easily show effect on organs. Endocrine glands are Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Pineal, Thyroid gland, Adrenal gland, Pancreas gland, Gonads (testis & ovaries) These hormones are chemical messengers also and helps to keep body at homeostasis.

15. Continued. . . . Endocrine imbalance i.e. hormonal imbalance is the major reason for any disorder. Endocrine system is through out the body, so any hormonal imbalance has adverse effects very effectively. This hormonal imbalance causes anxiety and depression also, which causes to other morbidities.

16. Continued. . . . Genes : - Genes is the basic unit of human life. All the information about human body structure and mind structure is encoded in our DNA(Deoxyribonucleic Acid), which is in our gene. Genetically mapped information is the cause of body deformation and several disorders also. Some hereditary information of family is also contained in the genes.

17. Continued. . . . Human   genes  are expressed in the brain and that almost all normal and disordered behaviors are polygenic,  meaning  that they are influenced (not to say caused) by  genes . Some disorders are because of our ancestors or parents have that. These traits of disorders come through dominant genes. Some generations carry these traits in genes to next generation as an recessive genes. In next generation it becomes dominant. Some disorders like Schizophrenia, GAD, etc. are genetically caused disorders

18. TREATMENT:- Biologically based treatments are not useful for this because problems are internally and most of the genetically. Treatment prescribed for this is medications, surgery or other direct treatments. Psychotherapeutic medications are preferred sometimes. These are intended to reduce the individual’s symptoms by altering the levels of neurotransmitters. In 1950, French chemist, Paul Carpenter, synthesized Chlorpromazine ( Thorazine ) gained widespread acceptance in 1960 and led towards development. Antipsychotics, antidepressants, mood stabilizers, anticonvulsants, antianxiety medications and stimulants are psychotherapeutic agent’s categories

19. Continued. . . . Psychosurgery or Psychiatric Neurosurgery, is the surgery neurosurgeon operates on the brain region which are responsible for the symptoms.

20. Conclusion:- Most of the abnormalities are because of malfunctioning of our body or genes. These abnormalities can be severe disorder. Proper treatments are available now-a-days due to development in field of research.

21. Thank you ! ! !