Biology 10 (PBA QIB(question item) (1).pdf

Biology 10 (PBA QIB)

1. QIB FOR CLASS X - BIOLOGY PBA
Ser SLO Questions Answer
1. Demonstration through
experiment of breathing
out air into limewater
that carbon dioxide is
exhaled during
respiration






1. Why does the limewater turn cloudy
when you exhale into it?


2. Why is carbon dioxide produced
during respiration?


3. What is the purpose of using lime
water in this experiment?
4. What observation indicates that
carbon dioxide is present in exhaled
air?
5. What is the stimulus for breathing?
6. What is control Centre of CO 2
production and release in body?
7. Define breathing rate? What is the
normal breathing rate per minute?
8. Why the breathing rate becomes rapid
and deep after exercise?

9. Name the factors on which breathing
rate depends?







1. The limewater turns cloudy because carbon dioxide in the
exhaled air reacts with calcium hydroxide in the limewater to
form calcium carbonate, which is a white precipitate.
2. During respiration, glucose is broken down in the cells to
release energy. As a by-product of this process, carbon dioxide
is produced and expelled from the body during exhalation.
3. To absorb carbon dioxide

4. Lime water turns cloudy or milky

5. High concentration of carbon dioxide.
6. Breathing Centre located in medulla oblongata.

7. The number of breaths per minute is called breathing rate.
Normal breathing rate per minute 14-16
8. During exercise more CO2 is produced and consequently
breathing becomes rapid and deep to remove CO2 out and
also for intake of large amount of oxygen.

9.
a) Altitude
b) Lung capacity
c) Health
d) Level of activity

2. Ser SLO Questions Answer

10. Complete the following table.
Features Inspired
Air
Expired
Air
Amount of
oxygen
16%
Amount of
CO2
0.04%
Amount of
nitrogen
79%



11. Can you predict the effect of
temperature on the experiment?
10.
Features Inspired Air Expired Air
Amount of oxygen 21% 16%
Amount of CO2 0.04% 4%
Amount of nitrogen 79% 79%

11. Higher temperatures may cause the reaction to occur faster
as increased kinetic energy speeds up the movement of
particles, leading to quicker formation of calcium carbonate.
2.
Demonstration of the
presence of tar in
cigarette smoke and
also by charts showing
pictures of lungs of
smokers and
nonsmokers
1. What were the results of your
experiment on the presence of tar in
cigarette smoke?







2. Compare non-smokers lungs with
those of smokers and note your
1. in the experiment, we used a smoking simulation device to
capture cigarette smoke. A filter or other material was used to
collect tar. The results showed that after smoking one cigarette,
a significant amount of sticky, brown-black tar was trapped in
the filter, demonstrating how much of this toxic substance is
inhaled into the lungs with each puff. This highlights the
cumulative effect of tar buildup over time in smokers' lungs.
2.
a) Healthy lungs
b) Pink
c) Normal size
d) No inflammation
e) Dome-shaped diaphragm
f) Normal Heart Size
g) Smoker’s lungs
h) Gray or black

3. Ser SLO Questions Answer
observations.







3. How does the presence of tar in
cigarette smoke affect lung tissue?



4. Name at least four harmful
substances found in cigarette smoke?




i) Hyperinflated
j) Patches of inflammation Diaphragm muscle loss
k) Heart size increase
3. Tar damages the lung tissue by coating the alveoli, which
impairs gas exchange. Over time, it leads to chronic
inflammation, scarring, and reduced elasticity of the lungs. This
can result in conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD), emphysema, and lung cancer. Tar also
promotes the growth of cancerous cells and increases the risk
of infections like bronchitis.

4.
a) Carbon monoxide. ...
b) Formaldehyde. ...
c) Hydrogen cyanide. ...
d) Benzene. ...
e) Cadmium. ...
f) Nicotine.
5. Tar


6. Tobacco leaves.


7. Emphysema, lung cancer

4. Ser SLO Questions Answer
5. What is the main component
responsible for the black coloration of
lung tissue in smoker?

6. What is the primary source of tar in
cigarette smoke?
7. Name any two diseases caused by
chemical present in cigarette smoke?

5. Ser SLO Questions Answer
3.
Investigation of the
conditions for seed
germination
1. How would you design an experiment
to test the effect of water availability
on seed germination?

2. What is chlorophyll?


3. Why is it important to control variables
like light and oxygen in a germination
experiment?

4. How does temperature affect seed
germination?


5. What is the primary role of water in
seed germination?
6. Which of the following is NOT factor
affecting seed germination?
7. Compare the germination rates of
seeds stored at 4 C and 25 C. What
would you expect?
8. A farmer notices poor seed
germination in a field with low soil
moisture. What would be an
appropriate solution?
1. Set up multiple groups of seeds with different amounts of water
(e.g., no water, a small amount, moderate amount, and excess
water) and observe the germination rate in each group over a
set period.
2. Chlorophyll is pigment in leaf, which convert the light energy
into chemical energy.
3. Controlling variables ensures that any changes in germination
are due to the factor being tested (e.g., water or temperature)
rather than other environmental conditions.

4. Temperature affects enzyme activity within the seed. Most
seeds germinate at moderate temperatures, typically between
20°C to 30°C, but this can vary depending on the plant species.
5. Softening of seed coat
Activation of enzymes
6. Sunlight

7. Faster germination at 25 C


8. Irrigate the field regularly.
4.
Recording the heights of
class fellows to predict
which kind of variation is
it and presentation of
the data of class fellows’
heights in graphical
1. What are the two main types of
biological variation?
2. Which type of variation does
height typically represent
1. The two main types of biological variation are continuous
variation and discontinuous variation.
2. Height is an example of continuous variation because it can
take any value within a range and shows gradual changes
between individuals.

6. Ser SLO Questions Answer
form (either histogram
or bar chart)
3. What is the purpose of presenting
data in a graphical form like a
histogram or bar chart?


4. Differentiate between continuous
and discontinuous variations










5. What is variable?

6. Is human height a continuous or
discontinuous trait?
7. Is variation inheritable?
8. What is histogram?
3. Graphical representations help to visualize the distribution of
data clearly, making it easier to identify patterns, such as the
most common height range, outliers, and the overall spread of
the data.
4.
· Continuous variation refers to a type of variation where the
traits exhibit a range of values that gradually change from one
individual to another.
· Examples: Height, weight, skin color, and handspan.
· Discontinuous variation refers to a type of variation where traits
fall into distinct, separate categories with no intermediate
values.
· Examples: Blood type (A, B, AB, O), tongue rolling ability (can
or cannot roll), flower color (red or white).
5.Quantity that shows measureable variation
6.Continuous trait

7.Variation is heritable due to gene.
8.Graph representation of frequency distribution of heredity trait.
5.
Investigation about the
role of yeast and
bacteria in the
fermentation of flour
and milk
1. What is fermentation?



2. What role does yeast play in the
fermentation of flour?

3. What changes occur in milk during
bacterial fermentation?
1. Fermentation is a metabolic process where microorganisms
like yeast and bacteria convert sugars into other compounds,
such as alcohol, acids, or gases, in the absence of oxygen.
2. Yeast ferments the sugars in flour, producing carbon dioxide
gas and alcohol. The carbon dioxide makes the dough rise,
giving bread its fluffy texture.
3. During bacterial fermentation, milk thickens and develops a
sour taste due to the production of lactic acid, which also
lowers the pH and helps preserve the milk.

7. Ser SLO Questions Answer
4. What are the main by-products of
fermentation by yeast and bacteria?
5. What is the primary role of yeast in
fermentation?
6. What is the optimal temperature range
for yeast fermentation?
7. A baker notices uneven fermentation
in bread dough. What could be the
primary cause?
8. How does bacterial fermentation
affect the texture and flavor of yogurt?
4. Yeast produces carbon dioxide and ethanol (alcohol), while
lactic acid bacteria produce lactic acid.
5. Convert sugars into ethanol and CO 2

6. 25-30
o
C

7. Incorrect temperature


8. Bacteria convert the milk sugar into lactic acid.
6.
Activity to compare the
breathing rate at rest
and after exercise
1. What was your average resting
breathing rate per minutes?
2. What is the controlling region of
breathing?
3. Difference between exhale and in hale
air?








4. After exercise, why the breathing
becomes rapid and deep?

5. Explain why breathing rate increases
during exercise.
1. 14-16 minutes

2. Breathing region is located in the medulla of the brain?
3. Summary of Key Differences
Component Inhaled Air Exhaled Air
Oxygen (O ₂) ~21% ~16%
Carbon Dioxide (CO ₂) ~0.04% ~4%
Nitrogen (N ₂) ~78% ~78%
Water Vapor Variable Higher
Temperature Cooler (ambient) Warmer (body temp)
4. During muscular activity CO2is produced and breathing
becomes rapid and deep especially to remove CO 2 out and
also for intake of large quantity of CO 2.
5. Due to increase oxygen demand

6. Changes in breathing rate i.e. low at rest and high after
exercise
7. Pulse rate increase with increase of breathing rate due to
increase circulation of blood.

8. Ser SLO Questions Answer
6. Compare your breathing rates at rest
and after exercise. What do you
observe?
7. How does pulse rate relate to
breathing rate?
8. Ali, a 25-year-old athlete, measures
his breathing before and after a 10
minutes run.
9. What would you expect Ali’s breathing
rate to be before the run?

8. Discuss about normal rate
7.
Examination of the
structure of kidney
(sheep kidney / model)
1. What is the role of the renal pelvis?

2. What is the main functional unit of the
kidney?

3. Name the structures labelled X and Y
in the diagram also write the function
of Y.

4. Put the following structure in the order
that urine flows through them.
Renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, urethra,
collecting duct
1. The renal pelvis collects urine from the calyces and channels it
into the ureter for transport to the bladder.
2. The main functional unit of the kidney is the nephron, which
filters the blood and forms urine.
3.
X : Bowman's capsule
Y: Collecting duct.
Function of collecting duct is to collect urine after the filtration
of blood, from collecting ducts urine is passed through ureters and
finally into urinary bladder.



4. Collecting duct, renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, urethra



5. Water : 95%

9. Ser SLO Questions Answer
5. Complete the following table of urine
composition.
Water
Urea
Sodium ions
6. Why the outer region of kidney is
darker than inner region (in the
longitudinal section).

7. Name the artery and vein that leads to
kidneys.
8. What is the main function of kidneys?
9. Identify the labeled part give its role?

Ur ea. : 9.3 g/l
Sodium ions : 1.17g/l

6. Because it has more blood supply


7. Renal artery and renal vein

8. Filter blood, regulate blood pressure, produce urine
9. Renal pyramids, It helps with blood filtration and water
concentration regulation within your kidneys .
8.
Study of bull eye 1. Identify the labeled? 1.
A. LENSE
B. CILLARY MUSCLES
C. SCLERA
D. CHORIDE
E. OPTIC NERVES

10. Ser SLO Questions Answer

2. What is pupil?


3. Label part 2 and 6
4. Which part of the eye contains the
sensory cells?
5. When the animal is grazing, blades of
grass may poke in the eye. Which part
of the eye protects the inner eye?
6. What are cone?
7. Which part of the eye absorbs light
and helps regulate pupil size?
8. Which part of the eye covets light into
electrical signals ?
9. Describe the process of light entering
the eye and how vision is formed.



2. It is dark circle in the center of the iris, it is the hole that let the
light into the eye?






3. Retina, lens
4. Retina

5. Cornea


6. Light sensitive cells, gives color vision
7. Iris

8. Retina

9. Some of this light enters the eye through an opening called the
pupil (PYOO-pul). The iris (the colored part of the eye) controls
how much light the pupil lets in. Next, light passes through the
lens (a clear inner part of the eye). The lens works together
with the cornea to focus light correctly on the retina
10. Biconvex lens

11. Ser SLO Questions Answer


10. Which type of lens is present in eye?
9.
Observation of binary
fission of ameba using
slides,
photomicrographs or
charts
1. In what kind of organisms this type of
reproduction takes place?
2. What is binary fission?


3. Which stage of binary fission is
represneted in the diagram?

4. How can you identify the stages of
binary fission in amoeba using a slide
or photomicrograph?




5. Identify the process

6. What type of cell division, binary
fission is? Mitosis or meiosis.

1. It takes place in smaller organisms like protozoans.

2. Binary fission is a type of asexual reproduction where a single
organism divides into two genetically identical daughter cells.
It is common in unicellular organisms like amoeba.
3. Cytokinesis








4.
· In the early stage, you’ll observe the amoeba's nucleus
enlarging.
· In the middle stage, the nucleus will begin to divide.
· Finally, you will see the cytoplasm pinching and the
formation of two distinct daughter cells.

5. Binary fission



6. Mitosis

7.
· Sterilization

12. Ser SLO Questions Answer
7. List down the steps for preparing a
yeast slide for observation.


8. What is the result of binary fission in
prokaryotic cells?
9. Compare and contrast binary fission
with mitosis.
10. Why is binary fission important for
amoeba?
· Inoculation
· Incubation
· Staining
8. Two daughter cells with identical DNA

9. Compare process of division in mitosis and binary fission.
10. Binary fission allows amoeba to reproduce quickly and
efficiently, ensuring the survival of the species and enabling
rapid population growth in favorable conditions.

10.
Observation of budding
in yeast from prepared
slides
1. What organism is being observed in
the slide preparation?

2. What is budding in yeast?





3. Draw and label yeast cell undergoing
budding.
4. Describe the role of yeast in
fermentation?
5. What does body of yeast is made up
of?
6. Differentiate between budding and
binary fission.
1. The organism being observed is Saccharomyces cerevisiae ,
commonly known as yeast.






2. Budding is a form of asexual reproduction in yeast where a new
organism develops from an outgrowth or bud due to cell
division at one particular site. The bud grows, matures, and
eventually detaches to become an independent cell.

3. Yeast cell diagram

4. Role for anaerobic respiration

5. Made up of spherical cells
6. Detail of process of division.

7. Methylene blue or Lactophenol cotton blue stains are often
used. These stains help to contrast the yeast cells against the

13. Ser SLO Questions Answer
7. What stains are used for preparing
yeast slides, and why are they
necessary?


8. What is the role of yeast in daily life?
background, making the budding structures more visible under
the microscope.
8. Fermentation process, producing carbon dioxide gas, which
causes dough to rise, resulting in soft and fluffy bread. Brewing:
Yeast is a key ingredient in the production of beer and wine.
Yeast is also used in making fermented products such as
bread, and some types of cheese.

11.
Examination of Mustard
flower, Gram seed and
Maize grain
1. Compare the structure of gram seed
and maize grain?





2. How do germination processes in
mustard and maize differ?



3. What is microphyle?
4. Identify part A and J



1. Gram seed is dicot with two cotyledons, while maize grain is
monocot with one cotyledon (scutellum). The gram seed stores
food in its cotyledons, whereas maize stores food in its
endosperm.
The germination type is epigeal in gram (cotyledons emerge
above the soil) and hypogeal in maize (cotyledon stays
underground).
2. Mustard seeds show epigeal germination, where the
cotyledons come above the soil and assist in photosynthesis
for some time. In contrast, maize shows hypogeal germination,
where the cotyledon remains underground, and the emerging
shoot depends on the stored food in the endosperm.
3. It is a small opening between the pointed apex and Hum?
4. Stigma, ovules

14. Ser SLO Questions Answer
5. Write the role of part D and F

6. Label the part A and write its function.

7. Label the following parts.

8. What is endosperm?
9. Name the structure that connects the
plumule with radicle.
10. What is the scientific name of
mustard, gram and maize plant?
5. Anther involve in pollen grain formation and corolla attract
insects for pollination
6. A: Starchy endosperm function
· Food Storage
· Nutrient supply for seed germination








7.
· Hilum
· Micropyle
· Seed coat.









8. Structure which store food
9. Hypocotyl
10. Brassica campestris
Cicerarietinum
Zea mays