biology project.prasanasai Sarvanan .pdf

Bla bla

1. TOPIC :-
EFFECTS OF ANTIBIOTICS ON MICROORGANISMS


ROLL NO :-
STD:- XII SEC:- C
BIOLOGY PROJECT

2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost i immensely thank god almighty,the founder of knowledge and wisdom
for his bountiful blessings,all thought my study,for showing his grace and mercy on me all
the days.i would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to my Principal REV. BRO. ROBERT
LOURDUSAMY.A and Vice Principal REV. BRO. SURESH as well as to my biology Teacher
MRS.JENITTA HEPHZIBAH for providing me the wonderful opportunity to work on the project on
the topic effects of antibiotics on microorganisms and also assisted me to finish my one of the
best biology projects and introducing me to many new things .I would also like to extend my
gratitude to my parents who helped me gather different information, collect data and guided me
from time to time in doing this project. I would also like to thank all my friends for their assistance
in completing this task in such a short period of time.

3. INDEX PG .NO :
1.Aim 1
2.BACKGROUND INFORMATION. 2-3
3.MATERIALS REQUIRED. 4
4.PROCEDURE. 5-6
5.OBSERVATION. 7
6.RESULT. 8
7.BIBLIOGRAPHY. 9

4. AIM
To study the effects of antibodies on microorganisms.

5. BACKGROUND INFORMATION
Antibiotics are the organic secretion produced by microorganisms,which in the lower
concentration act as antagonistic to the growth of other microorganisms ( mostly
pathogens )

Antibiotics have proven very useful in combating several bacterial diseases in man to
animals.

Antibiotics are commonly obtained from actinomyctes and some eubacteria.some of
the important antibiotics are streptomycin,aureomycin,teramycin,
chloromycin,erythromycin,neomycin etc..

Antibiotics are substances derived from microorganisms like fungi and bacteria that
either kill (bactericidal) or inhibit the growth (bacteriostatic) of disease-causing
bacteria.they work by interfering with essential bacteria functions, such as cell wall
synthesis or protein production and are ineffective against viruses. Key examples
include penicillin, streptomycin, and tetracycine with alexander fleming discovering
penicillin as the first antibiotics and awarded with nobel prize in 1945.

6. Antibiotics are powerful drugs that treat infections caused by bacteria but are ineffective
against viruses like the common cold or flu. They work by killing bacteria or stopping
their growth, but improper use contributes to antimicrobial resistance,a major global
health threat. To be effective, antibiotics must be taken as prescribed, completing the full
course even if symptoms improve, to prevent resistance from developing.
● Contribute to antibiotic resistance: Taking antibiotics when not needed or not
completing the full course allows bacteria to develop resistance, making future
infections harder to treat.
●Cause unnecessary side effects: Side effects can range from minor issues like
nausea and diarrhea to more serious complications like C. diff infections or
life-threatening allergic reactions
Penicillium is a genus consisting of green or blue mold fungi found in asexual
forms. The genus grows on fabrics, foodstuff, and leather. Penicillium is used for
making cheeses, organic acid, and antibiotics. Penicillium is widely found in soil.

7. MATERIALS REQUIRED:-
1.POTATO, 10..PENICILLIN,
2.AGAR, 11.STREPTOMYCIN,
3.DEXTROSE, 12.TERRAMYCIN,
4.DISTILLED WATER, 13.AUREOMYCIN.
5.SYRINGE,
6.PETRIDISH.
7.PIPETTE,
8.BEAKERS,
9.GARDEN SOIL,


.

8. PROCEDURE :-
Preparation of culture medium:-
Potato dextrose agar (PDA)
●Take 200 g of peeled potato chips.boil them with 500ml of water in a beaker for 5
minutes.
●Squeeze the potato pulp thus obtained through a muslin cloth and keep it in a
flask.
●Take 20 g of agar in a beaker and warm it with 500ml of water.
●Mix both the solution of potato and agar and add 22220g dextrose to it .
●Thus one litre of PDA medium is prepared.
●Autoclave the medium at 15 pounds pressure for 15 minutes.

9. EFFECT OF ANTIBODIES IN SOIL MICROORGANISMS :-

●Take 2 g of soil and dissolve it in 10 ml of water in a beaker. Let the soil particle
settle down.
●Take 5 oven sterilized petridishes and pour 1 ml of soil suspension in each of the
plates. Now pour 1ml of the four antibiotics separately in four petridishes with the
help of syringe, and mark them with marker pen. Leave the fifth petridish without
antibiotic to serve as control
●Pour PDA in each of the petridishes and mix the suspension by rotating the
petridishes. Leave the petridishes undisturbed at a warm place

10. OBSERVATIONS:-

11. RESULT:-
Penicillin and terramycin was most effective antibiotic against microorganisms.

12. BIBLIOGRAPHY:-
●www.wikipedia.com
●www.learninsta.com
●NCERT biology textbook
●www.chatgpt.com