Biomass-Based Functional Carbon
Nanostructures for Supercapacitors
Vandana Molahalli, Apoorva Shetty, Kiran Bijapur, Gowri Soman,
Aman Sharma, Jasmine Joseph, and Gurumurthy Hegde
Abstract <> For the creation of next-generation biocompatible energy technologies,
it is urgently necessary to examine environmentally acceptable, low-cost electrode
materials with high adsorption, rapid ion/electron transit, and programmable surface
chemistry. Because of their wide availability, environmentally friendly nature, and
affordability, carbon electrode materials made from biomass have received a lot of
interest lately. The biological structures they naturally possess are regular and accu-
rate, and they can be used as templates to create electrode materials with precise
geometries. The current study is primarily concerned with recent developments in
research pertaining to biomass-derived carbon electrode materials for supercapac-
itor applications, including plant, fruit, vegetable, and microorganism-based carbon
electrode materials. Also provided is a summary of alternative synthesis methods for
the conversion and activation of biomass waste.
1 Introduction
The relevance of the worldwide clean energy storage device has been gaining atten-
tion for the last few centuries. It is impossible for humans to even imagine a world
without a continuous supply of energy. Although fossil fuels are the main source of
energy, their scarcity and high demand have made them an expensive and unreliable
energy source. Globally, the combustion of fossil fuel has resulted in the produc-
tion of enormous amounts of CO
2, a greenhouse gas that significantly contributes to
climate change. Other conventionally used devices to meet the growing demand for
energy source were fuel cells, batteries, and capacitors. Batteries are used to serve
the purpose of energy requirements. They function by converting chemical energy
into electrical energy through redox reactions. Over a period of time, the chemical
V. Molahalli <> · <>A. Shetty <> · <>K. Bijapur <> · <>G. Soman <> · <>A. Sharma <> · <>J. Joseph <> · <>G. Hegde (B)
Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Bangalore 560029, India
e-mail:
[email protected];
[email protected]
Centre for Advanced Research and Development (CARD), CHRIST (Deemed to Be University),
Bangalore 560029, India
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023
S. K. Tiwari et al. (eds.), <> Biomass-Based Functional Carbon Nanostructures
for Supercapacitors<>, Green Energy and Technology,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0996-4_1
1