BLOOD TRANSFUSION.......................

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1. NOBEL COLLEGE Sinamangal, kathmandu Affiliated to Pokhara university Lesson plan on: Submitted By: Student Teacher Kalyani Mishra Shikha khadka Bns 2 nd Year Submitted To: Mrs.Jamuna Rajbhandari Maa′m (Nobel College) BLOOD TRANSFUSION

2. Subject: Clinical teaching Topic: Blood transfusion Date:28 th shrawan 2078 Duration: 1 hour Number of audience: 6-7 Level of audience: PCL Nursing 1st Year Teaching learning method: Lecture + Discussion Teaching learning media: power-point Language: English and Nepali Name of supervisor: Respected Jamuna Rajbhandari Maa’m LESSON PLAN

3. General objective At the end of this teaching learning session students/participants will be able to explain about “ Blood transfusion ”.

4. Specific objectives : Blood types and blood products Definition of blood transfusion Purposes and history of blood transfusion Types of blood transfusion Indication of blood transfusion Blood donor requirements Preparation for blood transfusion Monitoring of blood transfused patient Blood transfusion reaction At the end of this teaching/learning session participants will able to elaborate:

5. S.N WHAT? METHOD MEDIA WHO? HOW LONG? A Preparation Topic Lesson plan General objectives Specific objectives Discussion Power point Teacher student 5 min B Presentation Greeting Self introduction Topic- introduction Pre-test Short talk Teacher student 5 min

6. S.N WHAT? METHOD MEDIA WHO? HOW LONG? C Main body Blood types and blood products Definition of blood transfusion Purposes and history of blood transfusion Types of blood transfusion Indication of blood transfusion Blood donor requirements Preparation for blood transfusion Monitoring of blood transfused patient Blood transfusion reaction Lecture Discussion Power point Learners student teacher 3o min D Summary Summarize the topic Interaction Learners student teacher 15 min E Evaluation Evaluate participants by asking questions Questions answers Learners student teacher 5 min

7. Blood Blood is basically connective tissue in fluid form circulating in blood vessels.it is called as the fluid of life,as it carries oxygen from lungs to all parts of body and carbon-dioxide from all the parts of the body to lungs Volume: 450 ml Normally healthy male adult:5-6 L PH: Slightly alkaline(7.35-7.45) Specific gravity: Total blood(1.052 to 1.061) Viscocity: 5 times more than water Colour: red or dark red(due to presence of pigment called haemoglobin )

8. Blood types Antigens on red blood cell Can donate blood to Antibodies in serum Can receive blood from A A A,AB Anti-B A,O B B B,AB Anti-A B,O AB A and B AB None AB,O O None A,B,AB,O Anti-A and Anti-B O RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BLOOD TYPES AND ANTIBODIES

9. Fig:cryoprecipitate

10. BLOOD TRANSFUSION

11. Definition Transfer of biological substance(blood cells) into body is called as transfusion. The transfusion of the whole blood or its component such as blood cells or plasma from one person to another person is called blood transfusion .

12. Donor A person who gives blood is called donor Recipient A person who receives blood is called recipient.

13. Allogenic blood transfusion(someone else blood) It can be defined as the infusion of blood or blood products from a healthy human being to the needy which is given through intravenous line with appropriate blood type by medical professionals. Donor Recipient

14. Autogenic blood transfusion(self-blood) Autologous blood transfusion is  the collection of blood from a single patient and retransfusion back to the same patient when required . This is in contrast to allogenic blood transfusion where blood from unrelated/anonymous donors is transfused to the recipient. Own blood of recipient Recipient

15. Exchange blood transfusion

16. Indications for blood transfusion To increase the oxygen capacity of blood by giving red cells. To restore the blood volume to maintain effective tissue perfusion. To replace platelets, coagulation factors and other plasma proteins. Blood may be needed in the following circumstances: Blood loss: – Bleeding – Trauma Inadequate production : – Diseases such as thalassemia, leukaemia Excessive destruction of cells: – Disease – Mechanical Maternity: women during pregnancy and at the time of delivery – Anaemia of pregnancy; bleeding in pre‐ or post‐partum stage of delivery.

17. Blood donor requirements Donors are selected according the following important eligibility criteria: General appearance: the prospective donor shall appear to be in good physical and mental health. Age: donors shall be between 18 and 60 years of age. Haemoglobin : Hb shall be not less than 12.5 g/dL for males and 11.5 g/dL for females. Weight: minimum 45 kg. Blood pressure: systolic and diastolic pressures shall be normal (systolic: 100‐140 mm Hg and diastolic: 60‐90 mm Hg is recommended), without the aid of anti‐hypertensive medication. Temperature: oral temperature shall not exceed 37.5oC/99.5oF. Pulse: pulse shall be between 60 and 100 beats per minute and regular. Donation interval : the interval between blood donations shall be 3 to 4 months.

18. Preparation for the test

19. Blood collection The donor should not be fasting before donation. If the last meal was taken more than four hours previously, the donor should be given something to eat and drink before donation. Blood flowing into the bag is mixed with anticoagulant in a ratio of 1:7 (anticoagulant : blood). Total collection volume is from 405‐495 mL and usually, a volume of 450 mL blood is donated, this being approximately 12% of total blood volume or 10.5 mL/kg body weight.

20. Blood Screening Test ABO blood grouping and Rh typing Test for infectious disease HIV(ELISA TEST:Anti-HIV Test) Hepatitis B( HbsAg ) HepatitisC (Anti HCV) Syphilis(VDRL) and Malaria(Malarial parasite). Cross matching of blood sample

21. Articles required for blood transfusion

22. Blood transfusion reaction

23. References Suddartha and Brunner “Text book of medical surgical nursing”12 th edition;published by lippincott (page no:967-972) Sethi Deepak “Medical surgical nursing”2 nd edition;published by JAYPEE(page no:356-360) https://www.who.int/bloodsafety/transfusion_services/ClinicalTransfusionPracticeGuidelinesforMedicalInternsBangladesh.pdf