bones of lower limb and anatomy of lower limb

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1. Anatomy of lower limb M K . Sadham hussain Bsc . Radiology

2. Bones of lower limb • Hip bone • Femur • Tibia • Fibula • Patella • Tarsal bones • Metatarsal bones • Phalanges

3. Hip bones

4. Hip bones (Innominate bone) • Flat bones, form bony pelvis along with sacrum and coccyx • Posteriorly articulate with the sacrum at the sacroiliac joint • Anteriorly articulate with each other at a joint called pubic symphysis • Contains 3 parts – pubis , ilium and ischium

5. TYPES OF PELVIC BONES There are four pelvic bones that form pelvis: Two Hip bones (Innominate or nameless) One Sacrum One Coccyx

6. 1.TWO INNOMINATE BONES innominate bone is made up of three bones Ilium Ischium pubic bone.

7. 2.SACRUM It is a wedge shaped bone made up of five fused bones . It has following parts- Sacral promontory: it is prominent upper margin of first sacral vertebrae, projects inwards Sacro iliac joint Wings of Sacrum or Ala of Sacrum Hollow of the Sacrum: concave

8. 3.COCCYX It is a vestigial tail consists of four fused vertebrae forming a small triangular bone . It is articulated with the sacrum Coccyx moves backward during childbirth

9. PELVIC JOINTS There are four pelvic joints : Two sacroiliac joints . One pubic symphysis joint . One sacrococcygeal joint.

10. PELVIC JOINTS There are four pelvic joints: Two sacroiliac joints. One pubic symphysis joint. One sacrococcygeal joint.

11. Applied anatomy Common site for intramuscular injection is gluteus muscle Tail bone pain

12. Femur ( thigh bone ) The Longest and strongest bone of the body. Parts: Upper end Lower end Shaft

13. Upper end Head , neck , fovea capitis , trochanter fossa , greater trochanter , lesser trochanter. Inter trochanter line ( anterior side ) Inter trochanter crest (posterior side) Lower end Medial and lateral condyles Anterior – patellar articulating surface Posterior – inter condylar area

14. Inferior aspect articulates with the condyles of the tibia (knee joint) Medial – adductor Shaft 3 borders – medial , lateral , posterior ( linea aspera ) . 3 surface – anterior, medial , lateral Medial linea aspera continues upward as spiral line and downward as medial supracondylar line. Lateral linea aspera continues upward as gluteal tuberosity and downward as lateral supra condylar line .

15. Patella • Largest sesamoid bone , develops in the tendon of quadriceps femoris muscle. • Situated at the knee, in front of medial and lateral condyles of femur . • Triangular shaped has – base, apex, anterior and posterior surfaces .

16. • Base directed upwards, gives attachment to tendon of quadriceps femoris muscle • Apex directed downwards, gives attachment to ligamentum patellae or patellar ligament • Posterior surface presents articular areas for medial and lateral condyles of femur • Articular area for lateral condyle is larger than ther articular area for medial condyle

17. Tibia

18. Tibia • Medial bone of the leg • Has – upper and lower ends , shaft Upper end: Presents medial and lateral condyles , tibial tuberosity and intercondylar area. Tibial tuberosity : is present on the anterior aspect presents of upper end, gives attachment to ligamentum patella (patellar ligament ). Lateral condyle : on its lateral aspects presents an articular facet for head of fibula . Superior surfaces : of lateral and medial condyles contain smooth articular areas for lateral and medial condyles of femur

19. Intercondylar area : Situated on the superior surfaces of upper end, between the articular areas for femur, Divided into anterior and posterior intecondylar areas by the intercondylar eminence. Lower end: Presents a presents a projection on the medial side called medial malleolus Inferior surface of lower end and medial malleolus articulate with talus . Shaft • Shaft has 3 borders and 3 surfaces . • Borders – anterior,medial and lateral( interosseous ) • Surfaces – medial, lateral and posterior .

20. Posterior divided in to upper and lower parts by a ridge called soleal line which gives attachment to soleus muscle .

21. F ibula

22. Fibula • it Is a lateral bone of leg • it Has a upper and lower ends , shaft . Upper end Upper end is called head, expanded in all directions Lower end • it Is flat and called lateral malleolus • Its medial aspect presents of – smooth, triangular articular area for talus . – depression called malleolar fossa .

23. Shaft • Narrow upper part of the shaft near the head is called neck and related to common peroneal nerve • Shaft has 3 borders and 3 surfaces • Borders – anterior, medial ( interosseous ) and posterior • Surfaces – anterior, lateral and posterior . Lower part of posterior surface presents a ridge called peroneal (medial) crest

24. Bones of foot • Foot contains tarsal bones, metatarsal bones and phalanges • Tarsal bones are 7 in number • Talus, calcaneum , cuboid, navicular , medial, lateral and intermediate cuneiform bones .

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