Breast cancer awareness session

Awareness session on breast cancer awareness on 21st oct 2021 at Mehran university, Jamshoro organized by American institute of Chemical engineering society AIChE MUET chapter

1. Breast cancer awareness session “ October Is Pink “ Dr. Nimra zaman Pharm-D, RPh, MPH, MPHIL

2. OCTOBER IS BREAST CANCER AWARENESS MONTH Each October, you may notice a lot of pink popping up in your community or you may see people wear those little pink ribbons on their clothes. You may have also heard about special events, like the race for the cure, that raise money for breast cancer research and services for breast cancer patients and survivors. October is internationally celebrated as Breast Cancer Awareness Month. The month-long campaign allows the issue to be highlighted as a top health priority, with the disease affecting many women in their lives.

3. Statistics Breast Cancer is the most common type of Cancer in Women worldwide Source:  Breast Cancer Research Foundation (U.S) Among cancers affecting women,  25%  of cases are breast cancer. Breast cancer is the main cause of death among female cancer patients worldwide. If diagnosed and treated early, one third of these deaths can potentially be prevented, meaning that  400,000  women could be saved each year. Survival rates increase significantly when breast cancer is detected at an early stage ( Stages 0-II ). Breast cancer can also be diagnosed in males, however it’s quite rare. There is one case of breast cancer in men for every  100   cases of breast cancer in women.

4. statistics The biggest reason of the highest prevalence of breast cancer in Pakistan is lack of awareness which causes a delay in detection of breast cancer and most of women approach hospitals at stage III of cancer.  Pakistan alone has the highest rate of Breast Cancer than any other Asian country. 90,000 new cases are diagnosed every year out of which 40,000 dies. 1 out of every  9 women is likely to suffer from this disease at any point of time in their lives Source : Journal of Pakistan Medical Association

5. What is breast cancer

6. What is breast cancer ? Breast cancer is a malignant (cancerous) tumor that starts from cells of the breast.  Cells in the body normally divides at a steady and even pace. Huma body continuously forms new cells to take the place of old and injured cells. Sometimes, however, when cells divide and multiply rapidly, they form a lump also called a tumor. Nearly 80% of finding on a mammogram are not cancer. They are usually benign tumors, a cyst or some other non-cancerous condition. A tumor is called cancer only when it starts invading nearby tissues and organs and damage them.

7. Stages of breast cancer A stage is usually expressed as a number on a scale of 0 through IV — with stage 0 describing non-invasive cancers that remain within their original location and stage IV describing invasive cancers that have spread outside the breast to other parts of the body.

8. 10 A new area of thickening in the breast or a new breast lump A lump in the axilla / arm pit area Nipple distortion Bloody nipple discharge Skin retraction or dimpling Fixation of skin to an underlying lump Skin redness Skin thickening especially around the nipple area Feeling of warmth over an area of skin which is already thickened and red Skin ulcer or blister that does not heal Skin rash over the breast especially around the nipple with lesions that do not heal Pain in the breast that travels to the arm pit and along the arm and neck SYMPTOMS OF BREAST CANCER

9. Breast cancer warning signs

10. 12 Anyone who notices any of these changes should see a doctor immediately.

11. Controllable and uncontrollable risk factors Experts don’t know what causes breast cancer, but certain things make you more likely to get it. Your age, genetic factors, personal health history, and diet all play a role. Some you can control; others you can’t. RISK FACTOR : Something that increases a person's chances of developing a disease

12. Women over 50 are more likely to get breast cancer than younger women. Your breast cancer odds go up if: Your periods start before age 12. Your periods don’t stop until after you’re 55. If a first-degree female relative (mother, sister, or daughter) had breast cancer, you’re two times more likely to get the disease. The risk can also rise if your father or brother was diagnosed with breast cancer BRCA1 and BRCA2 If you had treatment for cancers like Hodgkin's lymphoma before age 40, you have an increased risk of breast cancer . Doctors used this drug between 1940 and 1971 to prevent miscarriage. If you or your mother took it, your breast cancer odds go up. 15 Breast Cancer Risk Factors You Can’t Control Age If your breasts have more connective tissue than fatty tissue, it can be hard to see tumors on a mammogram. Dense breast Menstrual history Family history Genes Radiations DES

13. Breast Cancer Risk Factors You Can Control Physical activity The less you move, the higher your chances. Being overweight after menopause raises your odds. You don’t breastfeed. You don’t have a full-term pregnancy.  Regular drinking -- especially more than one drink a day -- increases the risk of breast cancer. Hormone replacement therapy that includes both estrogen and progesterone. certain birth control methods including birth control pills, shots, implants, IUDS, skin patches, or vaginal rings that contain hormones 16 Weight and diet Reproductive history. Taking hormones . Still, most women who are at high risk for breast cancer don’t get it. On the other hand, 75% of women who develop breast cancer have no known risk factors. Learn more about the  risk factors for breast cancer . Alcohol and smoking

14. The best protection is early detection

15. Guidelines for people at normal risk

16. Breast Ultrasound.  Mammogram .  Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI ) of breast Clinical Breast Exam Biopsy .  Breast self exam at home Breast cancer diagnosis

17. Self examination Young girls and women should do self-examination at least once in a month.

18. Treatments available for breast cancer Breast cancer treatment can include a combination of all or some of the following treatments: Lifestyle modification Surgery Radiotherapy Chemotherapy Anti-Hormone Therapy Targeted Therapy

19. HEALTHY LIFESTYLE Good health is not just the absence of disease or illness, it is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being. Scientific evidence suggests that about one-third of the cancer deaths each year are due to lack of a healthy lifestyle, nutrition and physical activeness . Strengthen immunity, increasing Tissue oxygenation, reducing inflammation and creating the right balance of carbs and proteins is included in healthy lifestyle . 23

20. Take Healthy Diet and Nutrition Making proactive dietary choices can improve your overall well-being because it keeps your energy up, boosts your immune system, and provide nutrients your body needs for maintenance and repair. A healthy diet can help in preventing and fighting breast cancer. Be Physically Active Exercise and physical activity decrease the risk of breast cancer by changing the estrogen, insulin, and insulin-like growth factor. Among women Obesity and weight gain during adulthood are linked with a higher risk of breast cancer especially after menopause. So, every woman having overweight should limit high-calorie foods and beverages and increase physical activity to help with weight loss. Get Adequate Sleep Minimum 8 hours of sleep is essential for both your mind and body to rest, relax and fully recover. A majority of you probably have a mind that whirls with negative thoughts. Your thoughts can eat you alive and you will not enjoy a happy and healthy life. Depression, anxiety and stress make you ill. Detox your mind by cleaning your emotional/mental clutter and stop negative thinking. Relieve the effect of stress and depression Avoid Smoking and Drinking Alcohol Smoking and drinking are bad for your health so quit both of them. Researches show that you can lower your risk of heart disease up to 50% if you quit smoking completely and if you give up drinking, the risk of developing cancer reduces quickly. 24 A healthy lifestyle is a key weapon against Breast Cancer. Healthy lifestyle includes the following

21. Myths and facts 25 The biggest reason of the highest prevalence of breast cancer in Pakistan is lack of awareness which causes a delay in detection of breast cancer and most of women approach hospitals at stage III of cancer. 

22. MYTH: Carrying your cell phone in your bra can cause breast cancer . FACT : There is no evidence of a connection between cell phones and breast cancer, but the safety of cell phones is still being studied. MYTH: Using underarm antiperspirant can cause breast cancer . FACT: There is no evidence of a connection between underarm antiperspirant and breast cancer, but the safety of antiperspirants is still being studied. MYTH: Breast cancer always causes a lump you can feel . FACT: Breast cancer might not cause a lump, especially when it first develops. 26

23. Myths Facts

24. Myth: If you maintain a healthy weight, exercise regularly, eat healthy, and limit alcohol, you don’t have to worry about breast cancer. FACT: Although these behaviors can help lower breast cancer risk, they can’t eliminate it. MYTH : If I don’t have a family history of breast cancer, I won’t get it . FACT : Most people diagnosed with breast cancer have no known family history. MYTH: Wearing a push up bra can cause breast cancer . FACT: It used to be thought that push up bras puts pressure on the lymph nodes and causes cancer, but it has since been proven wrong 28

25. 29 Myths Facts

26. Myth: a breast cancer diagnosis means a complete mastectomy or removal of breast Fact: many women with breast cancer undergo surgery as part of their treatment. However this doesn’t necessarily means a complete removal of the breast especially if its diagnosed early in which case only the tumor is removed Myth: women with small breast do not get breast cancer Fact : women with small breast are also at risk as any other women Myth: drinking too much coffee increase the risk of breast cancer Fact: there is no relation between drinking coffee and breast cancer 30

27. NO TABOOS, FEARS AND BARRIERS ARE WORTH TAKING HUMAN LIFE 31

28. Fears and barriers: problems in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment in Pakistan 32

29. Delay in early detection of breast cancer diagnosis in women is a result of both patient and system level factors 

30. Helplines, hospital and clinics First Lady Samina Arif Alvi inaugurated the National breast cancer Awareness Helpline: 0213-873-7373. Jinnah Hospital, Agha Khan Hospital, Kiran Hospital, Naval Hospital and Shifa Hospital, Shaukat Khanam memorial hospital Pink ribbon Pakistan

31. Thank You 35 “ The only person who can save you is you.” – Sheryl Crow