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Life and work of Rizal chapter 4

1. Chapter 3
Rizal’s Life

2. 1.Birth: Mercado Family
2. Family
3. Parents
4. Siblings
5. Ancestors
6. Childhood
7. Early Education
8. Dona Teodora, Pepe and the
Story of the Moth
9. The Private Tutors
10. Rizal’s First Formal Schooling
11.The Imprisonment of Dona
Teodora
12. The Death of Gomburza

3. Jose Rizal's Birth: He was born on June 19, 1861, in Calamba, Laguna, to Don
Francisco Mercado and Doña Teodora Alonso, making him the seventh child in the
family.
Baptism: Three days after his birth, Rizal was baptized and given the name Jose
Protacio, in honor of two saints—Saint Joseph (San Jose) and Saint Protacio, the
patron saint of June 19.
Nickname "Pepe": Rizal’s family called him "Pepe," a nickname derived from the
initials "P.P.," which stands for "pater putativus," meaning "putative father" in Latin,
referring to Saint Joseph as the accepted father of Jesus.
Difficult Birth and Vow: Doña Teodora had a challenging delivery, prompting her to
make a vow to Our Lady of Peace and Good Voyage in Antipolo, promising to take her
child on a pilgrimage if he survived.
·

4. Pilgrimage to Antipolo: When Rizal turned seven, Doña Teodora fulfilled
her vow and sent him on a pilgrimage to Antipolo with his father to express
gratitude for his safe birth.
Father Rufino Collantes’ Prediction: Rizal was baptized by Father Rufino
Collantes, who noticed Rizal’s unusually large head and predicted that he
would become a great person in the future, which proved true.
Baptismal Certificate: Rizal’s original baptismal certificate was destroyed in
a fire in 1862, but it was later restored with the help of eyewitnesses under the
supervision of Father Leoncio Lopez, a Mercado family friend and Filipino
priest.
Influence of Father Leoncio Lopez: Rizal was close to Father Leoncio Lopez,
who inspired the character of Father Florentino in Rizal’s novel "El
Filibusterismo."

5. Despite their Large Family, Don Francisco and Dona Teodora were
able to find happiness.
They both have a harmonious relationship.
They loved their children in the same way that other family would.
But they don’t spoil their children in fact they discipline them.
They were firm believers in the adage "spare the rod, spoil the
child."

6. As Catholics, they instilled in them the importance of being courteous
to others, particularly the elderly.
The Angelus and the Holy Rosary together at 6 am. 12 p.m. and 6 p.m
They were accustomed to kissing their parents' hands after the prayer
recital.
As Principalia, they were able to build a stone house near the church
and even bought another one; they owned a stagecoach, a library and
were able to send their children to college in Manila.

8. ·The Mercado-Rizal Family: Don Francisco and Doña Teodora had eleven children:
Saturnina (1850)
Paciano (1851)
Narcisa (1852)
Olimpia (1855)
Maria (1859)
Jose (1861)
Concepcion (1862)
Josefa (1865)
Trinidad (1868)
Soledad (1870)
· Paciano as a Second Father: Paciano (2nd Eldest Sibling), being ten years older than
Jose, was like a second father to him, taking care of the family lands and supporting his
younger brother throughout his life.

9. Birth: Don Francisco Engracio Rizal Mercado y
Alejandra II (Don Francisco Mercado)was born on May
11, 1818, in Biñan, Laguna, as the youngest of 13 children.
Ancestry: He was from the fourth generation of a Chinese
immigrant, Domingo Lamco.
Education: Studied Latin and philosophy at the Colegio de
San Jose in Manila.
Career: Became a landowner in Calamba, Laguna, and
served as Cabeza de Barangay, a respected community
leader.
Agrarian Dispute: Lost his land in September 1899 due to
an agrarian dispute with the friars.
Death: Passed away in Manila on January 5, 1898, at the
age of 80.
Legacy: Jose Rizal admired him as a role model
(considering Him to be “Model of Fathers”) for his
strength, independence, and education.

10. Birth: Doña Teodora Morales Alonso Realonda y
Quintos(Doña Teodora Alonso) was born on November 9,
1827, in Manila.
Family: She was the second child of Lorenzo Alonso and
Brigida de Quintos.
Education: Attended the College of Santa Rosa.
Reputation: Known for her refined culture, literary talent,
and strong character.
Skills: Highly cultured, knowledgeable in literature, and
skilled in mathematics.
Government Pension: Declined a life pension offered by the
government, stating her family did not seek patriotism for
money. ("My family has never been patriotic for money." If
the government has a surplus of funds and is unsure what to
do with them, it should lower taxes." )
Death: Passed away on August 16, 1911, in Manila, at the age
of 85.

11. Saturnina Rizal Mercado de Hidalgo (1850-
1913)
Eldest of the Family, commonly referred as
“Neneng”
Attended at La Concordia College in Manila's Sta.
Ana.
Manuel Hidalgo of Tanauan, Batangas, was her
husband.
In 1909, Dona Saturnina published Pascual
Poblete's Tagalog translation of Noli Me
Tangere.
She passed away in 1913, at the age of 63

12. Paciano Rizál Mercado y Alonso Realonda
(1851-1930)
Our national hero's elder and only brother, he
was commonly referred to as Ciano.
Prior to enrolling at the Colegio de San Jose in
Manila
He was an ardent and dynamic Katipunero.
Many people thought he was the Pilosopong
Tasio mentioned in Noli Me Tangere
On June 23, 1888, Jose Rizal wrote to Ferdinand
Blumentritt and expressed regret for failing to
introduce his brother to him.

13. His dear friend Jose Taviel de Andrade said that
whenever he thinks of him, he is more generous
than today's Spaniards.
He was apprehended by American forces in
1900 as a result of his involvement as military
commander of the Revolutionary forces in
Laguna.
Prior to his death, he led a simple life as a
farmer, he married his common-law wife,
Severina Decena, and they had two children.
He died of tuberculosis at the age of 79.

14. Narcisa Alonso Realonda Rizal Mercado (1852-
1939).
Married to Antonio Lopez, a teacher and
musician
She was called Sisa by her siblings.
It was believed that she also supported her
brother Jose's studies abroad and was perhaps
the only among the siblings that could narrate
the poems of Jose.
One of the family members who visited Jose Rizal
in his prison cell the day before his execution on
December 30, 1896

15. After a two-day search, his sister Narcisa
discovered the remains of Rizal in an unmarked
grave in the Cementerio General de Paco.
To mislead authorities, she placed a marble
marker by Doroteo Ongjunco with the initials
R.P.J.
Original sculptural work by I. Gallemit was
created in 1935 (as stated in the inscription) and
donated to the Rizal Shrine Fort Santiago by
Leoncio Lopez-Rizal (Memorandum of Receipt,
1957), son of Narcisa Riza

17. Olimpia Alonso Rizal(1855-1887), fondly known
as "Ypia”, was the fourth child of the Rizal
family.
She married Silvestro Ubaldo, a telegraph
operator from Manila.
Jose Rizal had a playful relationship with his
sister, often teasing her about her weight.
Olimpia served as a mediator between Jose and
his first love, Segunda Katigbak, and it is unclear
whether Jose was visiting Olimpia or Segunda at
La Concordia College during their teenage years.

18. Lucía Alonso Rizal Realonda Herbosa (1857-
1919).
She married Mariano Herbosa and they had five
children.
Mariano died in 1889 as a result of an epidemic,
but he was denied a Christian burial.
This was due to the fact that he was Jose Rizal's
brother-in-law.
This marked the beginning of the Rizal
Family's persecution by Spanish friars.
Lucia passed away in 1919

19. Maria Mercado Realonda Cruz (1859-1945).
She married Daniel Faustino Cruz of Binan,
Laguna, and together they had five children.
One of their children, Mauricio Cruz, studied
under Jose Rizal in Dapitan and was said to be
one of Rizal's favorite students.
During Rizal's lifetime, Maria regularly received
letters from him.
Maria passed away in 1945.

20. Concepcion Alonso Mercado Rizal (1862-1865)
was called as Concha.
She died at the age of three.
it is said that Pepe loved most the little Concha
who was a year younger than him.
When Concha died of sickness in 1865, Jose
mournfully wept at losing her.

21. Josefa Alonzo Mercado Rizal(1865-1945)
She was unmarried and lived with her sister
Trinidad until death.
Josefa was said to have suffered from epilepsy,
she died in 1945

22. Trinidad Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda
(1868-1951).
She remained unmarried and shared a home
with her sister Josefa.
Trinidad received from Jose an alcohol lamp in
which he had hidden his final poem, "Last
Farewell" or "Mi Ultimo Adios," written on the
eve of his death in 1896.
Trinidad lived longer than all of her siblings and
died in 1951.

23. Soledad Mercado Realonda Rizal(1870-1929)
Was the youngest of the Rizal siblings, born in
1870.
She married Pantaleon Quintero and they had
five children.
Soledad passed away in 1929

24. The significant role of Rizal's sisters in maintaining family unity, despite facing
persecution and deportation as a result of Rizal's political activities. They provided
moral and spiritual support that helped Rizal achieve his heroic mission. The
family was described as a close-knit unit, with strong bonds of affection and
solidarity. In particular, Rizal's relationship with his brother Paciano was highlighted
as being more than that of typical siblings, with Paciano serving as a second father
figure and providing support throughout Rizal's education, additionally, the
determination of one of the sisters, Narcisa, to find Rizal's tomb after his execution
shows the strength of the family's bond of affection

25. Paternal Ancestors: Jose Rizal’s father, Francisco Mercado,
descended from Domingo Lamco, a Chinese immigrant from
Changchow, Fukien Province, who arrived in Manila around
1690. Domingo became a Catholic, married a Chinese Christian
woman, Ines de la Rosa, and adopted the surname "Mercado,"
meaning "market," in 1731. Francisco Mercado, Rizal’s great-
grandfather, married Cirila Bernacha, a Chinese-Filipino
mestiza. Their son, Juan Mercado, Jose’s grandfather, was
elected Gobernadorcillo of Biñan multiple times. Francisco
Mercado, Jose's father, was the youngest of Juan's 12 children.

26. Maternal Ancestors: Rizal’s maternal line traces back to
Lakandula, the last native king of Tondo. His great-
grandfather Eugenio Ursua was of Japanese descent and
married a Filipina named Benigna. Their daughter Regina
married a Chinese lawyer, Manuel de Quintos, and their
daughter Brigida married Lorenzo Alberto Alonso, a
Spanish-Filipino mestizo and a deputy to the Spanish
Cortes. Brigida and Lorenzo had five children, including
Jose's mother, Teodora Alonso.

27. The "Rizal" Surname: Rizal’s family originally used the
surname "Mercado," but Jose adopted the surname "Rizal"
to avoid association with his brother Paciano's
involvement in nationalist activities and links to Father
Burgos, one of the martyrs of the Cavite Mutiny. The name
"Rizal," which means "green fields" in Spanish, was chosen
to distinguish him, though most of his family continued
using "Mercado." Jose was the only family member to
consistently use "Rizal" as his last name.

28. Rizal had a happy childhood, growing up near Laguna de Bay and
Mt. Makiling. He was a curious and loving child who was well
cared for by his parents and siblings, despite being frail and sickly.
Rizal's mother, who served as his first teacher, taught him the
alphabet and prayers when he was three years old. She recognized
his talent for writing poems at a young age and encouraged him to
continue writing.

29. Rizal wrote a poem about his hometown, "In Memory of My Town" when
he was a child, expressing his love for the place and reminiscing about his
memories. His father built a small nipa hut for him and he was cared for by
an ayah (nurse maid) who told him various stories. His mother, who served
as his first teacher, taught him to write poems and encouraged him to pray.
His mother's brothers also influenced him, particularly his uncle Jose who
was responsible for his regular lessons. His uncle Manuel worked on his
physical condition while his uncle Gregorio encouraged him to work hard
and strive for his goals.

30. Jose owned a pony that he rode around the idyllic countryside, he had
various hobbies such as drawing and molding animals out of clay and wax.
Another favorite memory was accompanying his big black dog on nocturnal
walks. Jose enjoyed playing with his neighbors' doves and performing magic
tricks, his happiest memory was a trip to Antipolo with his father to fulfill his
mother's vow to visit the Virgin of Antipolo, he experienced new sights and
feelings on the journey and also experienced grief when his sister Concha died
at a young age. His mother's storytelling encouraged his poetic mind and he
developed an interest in writing.

31. Group your selves into 2 groups!

32. Jose Rizal’s first teacher was his mother, Doña
Teodora Alonso Realonda y Quintos.
Doña Teodora taught 3-year old Jose the alphabet,
prayers, and the Holy Bible.
She influenced Jose’s love for poetry / literature.
She told Jose Rizal fables and stories to impart
important life lessons.

33. Birthday: November 9, 1827
Birthplace: Santa Cruz,
Manila, Metro Manila.
Husband: Francisco Engracio
Rizal Mercado
Had 2 sons and 9 daughters.
Death: August 16, 1911

34. Dona Teodora loved telling stories from Amigo de los Niños’ (The Children’s
Friend). One day, Rizal was scolded for drawing on the story book. Dona Teodora
told the story of the moth, to teach him the importance of obedience. While she
was telling the story, Rizal was distracted by a lit oil lamp surrounded by 2 moths,
almost like a reenactment of the story.
The story was about an old moth warning the young moth to not get too close to
a lamp flame. The young moth acknowledged the advice yet still ended up
succumbing to the flame. Rizal was watching the 2 moths surrounding an oil
lamp, one of them fell dead, landing on the oil. Years later, Rizal felt like he would
end with the same fate as the moth.
Rizal still thinks the light is still beautiful, something worth sacrificing your life
for.

35. Maestro Celestino
- the first tutor.
Jose Rizal was home schooled until he turned 9 years old. His parents
hired tutors to teach him Spanish and Latin. Overall, he had three tutors.
Maestro Lucas Padua
- the second tutor.
Leon Monroy - former classmate
of Jose’s father; taught him
Spanish and Latin. Monroy died
five months later which is why
little Jose was sent to a private
school in Biñan.

36. Rizal left for Biñan on a Sunday afternoon in June, 1869.
Paciano, Jose’s brother, accompanied him to Biñan and dropped him off at
his aunt’s house.
Young Jose Rizal tended to be emotional because he was far away from his
hometown and his family.
He would go on moonlit strolls at night with his cousin, Leandro to ease
the homesickness but to him, nothing compares to Calamba despite the
town not being as wealthy as Biñan.

37. On his first day of class, Jose met
Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz,
Paciano’s former teacher. The man was
tall, thin, long-necked with a sharp nose
and a body slightly forward, as Jose
would describe him.
He would wear a “sinamay” shirt,
woven by the women of Batangas and he
knew the grammars of Nebrija and
Gainza by heart.
Maestro Cruz was a strict, disciplinarian
teacher.

38. Maestro Cruz asked Jose if he knew Spanish or Latin to which he responded to with “A little,
sir” and the boys in the class, especially Pedro, the teacher’s son laughed at him.
During his teacher’s siesta, Jose fought with Pedro and defeated the latter. Jose was not a
delinquent but he also did not back out from fights. Ever since their duel, Jose found
himself in fights with other boys in Biñan in the succeeding days.
Jose outperformed all the Biñan boys in academic studies, surpassing them all in
Spanish, Latin and other subjects. Out of jealousy, his classmates would falsely accuse him,
discredit him, and tell the teacher whenever he gets into fights so that Jose would be
punished.
Jose would go back to his hometown, Calamba, from time to time. He would find reasons to
stay a bit longer and would cry if it was time to go back to Biñan again.
During this time, the arrest of his mother and the death of GOMBURZA had a massive
impact on Rizal’s life.

39. Dona Teodora was punished to walk 50
kilometers in Laguna and was
imprisoned for 2 years without trial for
falsehoods leveled against her.
Dona Teodora tried to regulate tension
between her brother Jose Alberto, and
his wife Teodora Alberto.
Jose Alberto wanted to divorce Teodora
Alberto because she was allegedly
sleeping with a Guardia Civil leader.
Dona Teodora discouraged the divorce
because it will be bad for the family’s
reputation.
One day Dona Teodora offered food to
Teodora Alberto, she refused, and
instead gave the food to her dog. The
dog died, which started the poisoning
allegation.
Jose Rizal was 11 years old when he
witnessed his mother getting arrested
without a trial, and saw his mother
being unfairly punished. This fueled
Jose Rizal’s resentment, inspiring him
to make anti-Spanish propaganda.

40. Governor General Rafael Izquierdo
removed the benefits of the workers of Cavite
Navy Yard, which caused 200 workers to
seize Fort San Felipe and captured 7 Spanish
Officers on January 20, 1872. It only lasted 2
days before the mutiny was over.
Spanish Friars (Regulares) were opposed to
Native Priests (Seculares) because they saw
it as a threat to their political power and
influence in the colony. Many native priests
were displaced when the Jesuits (A Roman
Catholic religious order) returned to the
Philippines in 1859.
Jose Burgos defended the Secularization
movement which angered many Regulares. Because
of this, three secular priests were accused of
instigating the Cavite Mutiny and were sentenced to
death.
February 17, 1872 was the day of execution in
Bagumbayan, Saldua. The first of the GOMBURZA to
be executed is Mariano Gomez, then Jacinto Zamora,
and lastly Jose Burgos. Jose Rizal’s brother Paciano
was deeply affected by the execution as he was a
student of Padro Burgos. Jose Rizal, seeing how the
execution has affected his family and his neighbors,
he dedicated his novel El Filibusterismo to the 3
martyr priests.

42. Without the events in José Rizal’s family, Philippine history might look very
different. Rizal’s parents, Francisco and Teodora, were important in shaping
his ideas and dedication to reform. Their experiences with Spanish colonial
rule, including facing unfair treatment, inspired Rizal to speak out against
the government. His writings and activism, driven by these family
experiences, helped spark the movement for Philippine independence. The
hardships his family faced, like his mother’s wrongful imprisonment, also
strengthened his resolve. If not for the Rizal family's struggles and
contributions, the path to Philippine independence could have been much
harder or changed in significant ways.