BTCVPE 506F Town and Urban Planning Module 1

Module 1: (8 Lectures)
Necessity and scope of Town Planning, Brief history, Greek and Roman Towns, Planning in ancient India - Indus Valley Civilization, Vedic Period, Buddhist Period, Medieval Period, Mogul Period, British Period, Post-Independence Period, Theories in urban and regional planning

1. BTCVPE 506 F Town and Urban Planning
Teaching Scheme: Lectures: 3 Hours / Week
Course Contents
Module1:(8Lectures)NecessityandscopeofTownPlanning,Briefhistory,GreekandRomanTowns,Planningin
ancientIndia-IndusValleyCivilization,VedicPeriod,BuddhistPeriod,MedievalPeriod,MogulPeriod,BritishPeriod,
Post-IndependencePeriod,Theoriesinurbanandregionalplanning
Module2:(8Lectures)TownPlannersinModernErasuchasSirPatrickGeddes,SirEbenezerHoward,Clarencestein,
SirPatrickAbercrombie,LeCorbusier,PresentStatusofTownPlanninginIndia,EfficiencyMeasures,Plannersskills,
IntegratedAreaPlanninginIndia.DistributionandsizesofSettlements
Module3:(8Lectures)LayoutofResidentialUnits,NeighborhoodUnitPlanning,RadburnPlan,GridIronPattern,
ShoeStringDevelopment,GrowthPatternofTowns,ConcentricSatellite,RibbonDevelopment,Scatteredgrowth
Module4:(6Lectures)ElementsofTown,VariousZones,DevelopmentControlRulesandBuildingByeLaws,Urban
Roads:Objective,Classification,RoadNetworks,DataCollectionSurveys,Analysisofdata,Townaesthetics,Landscape
Architecture,SuitabilityofTrees,TreatmentofTrafficIslands,OpenSpacesWalkwaysPublicSit-outs,ContinuousPark
System,GreenwaysTownPlanningworkswithreferencetoM.R.T.P.Act,LandAcquisitionAct,Necessityand
procedureofacquisition
Module5:(6Lectures)VillagePlanning,MultilevelPlanning,DecentralizationConcepts,RuralDevelopments,
PlanningMethodology,GrowthCentreApproach,AreaDevelopmentApproach,IntegratedRuralDevelopment
Approach
Prepared By-Dr. Basweshwar S. J.

2. Module 1: History & Theories of Town Planning (8 Lectures)
Lecture 1: Introduction to Town Planning
•Definition, Necessity & Scope
•Importance in modern development
•Interdisciplinary relevance
Lecture 2: Brief History of Town Planning
•Evolution of planning globally
•Town planning in ancient civilizations
Lecture 3: Greek and Roman Towns
•HippodamianPlan
•Roman Forum, Roads, and Aqueducts
•Military Towns
Lecture 4: Town Planning in Ancient India –I
•Indus Valley Civilization (Mohenjo-Daro, Harappa)
•Vedic Period Planning Concepts
Lecture 5: Town Planning in Ancient India –II
•Buddhist and Medieval Periods
•Urban Form during the Mogul Period
Lecture 6: British Period Town Planning
•Colonial urban forms and cantonments
•Development of Presidency towns
Lecture 7: Post-Independence Planning in India
•Five-year plans and Urban Planning
•Role of Town and Country Planning Organization (TCPO)
Lecture 8: Theories of Urban and Regional Planning
•Garden City, Concentric Zone, Sector Theory, Multiple Nuclei
Theory
•Applicability in Indian context
Prepared By-Dr. Basweshwar S. J.

3. Lecture 1: Introduction to Town Planning
Definition,Necessity&Scope
•TownPlanningisascientific,artistic,andtechnicalprocessof
designingandregulatingtheuseofland,infrastructure,
publicspaces,andservicesinurbanandruralareas.
•Itsnecessityarisesfromtheneedtoensuresustainable
development,managerapidurbanization,preventslums,
reducecongestion,andmaintainenvironmentalbalance.
•Thescopeoftownplanningisbroad,encompassinglanduse
zoning,transportationsystems,housingpolicies,
environmentalprotection,socio-economicequity,andpublic
health.
Prepared By-Dr. Basweshwar S. J.

4. Lecture 1: Introduction to Town Planning
Importanceinmoderndevelopment
•Inthecontextofmodernurbangrowth,townplanningplaysa
criticalroleinpromotingsmart,inclusive,andresilientcities.
•Withincreasingchallengessuchasclimatechange,traffic
congestion,urbansprawl,andhousingshortages,townplanning
ensurescoordinatedinfrastructuredevelopment,efficientland
utilization,andimprovedqualityoflifeforcitizens.
•ItalsohelpsachievenationalandglobalgoalsliketheSustainable
DevelopmentGoals(SDGs)andurbansustainabilitybenchmarks.
Prepared By-Dr. Basweshwar S. J.

5. Lecture 1: Introduction to Town Planning
Interdisciplinaryrelevance
•Townplanningisinherentlyinterdisciplinary,requiring
knowledgeandcollaborationacrossvariousfieldssuchas
civilengineering,architecture,geography,sociology,
economics,publicadministration,andenvironmental
sciences.
•Engineersdesigninfrastructure,architectsfocusonthe
builtenvironment,economistsassesslandvalueand
resourceuse,andsociologistsstudycommunitydynamics.
•Together,thesedisciplinescontributetoholisticand
people-centricurbandevelopment.
Prepared By-Dr. Basweshwar S. J.

6. Lecture 2: Brief History of Town Planning
Evolutionofplanningglobally
•Theconceptoftownplanninghasevolvedovercenturies,frominformal
settlementstostructuredcities.Earlyhumansettlementswere
primarilyfunctional,locatednearwaterbodiesandnaturalresources.
•Overtime,civilizationsintroducedstructuredlayoutsfordefense,trade,
religion,andgovernance.
•TheGreeksemphasizedorderandsymmetry(Hippodamianplan),while
theRomansintroducedcivicamenitieslikeforums,aqueducts,and
roads.
•Duringthemedievalperiod,citieswerefortified,andintheRenaissance
era,planningembracedgeometryandaesthetics.
•TheIndustrialRevolutiontriggeredrapidurbangrowth,leadingto
unsanitarylivingconditionsandinspiringreformerstoadvocatefor
planneddevelopment.
•Modernplanningemergedasaresponse,integratinghealth,
transportation,andsocialequity.
Prepared By-Dr. Basweshwar S. J.

7. Lecture 2: Brief History of Town Planning
Townplanninginancientcivilizations
•Severalancientcivilizationsdemonstratedremarkableurbanplanning
skills.
•TheIndusValleyCivilization(c.2600–1900BCE)isoneoftheearliest
knownexamples,withcitieslikeMohenjo-DaroandHarappa
showcasinggridironstreetlayouts,standardizedhousing,advanced
drainagesystems,andpublicbuildings.
•InMesopotamia,citieslikeUrfeaturedreligiouszigguratsandwalled
compounds.
•TheEgyptiansbuiltcitiesalignedwiththeNileandfocusedon
ceremonialstructures.
•InChina,citieswereoftenrectangular,enclosedbywalls,and
organizedaroundacentralaxis,reflectingcosmicandpoliticalorder.
•Thesecivilizationslaidthefoundationalprinciplesofzoning,sanitation,
andinfrastructurethatcontinuetoinfluencecontemporarytown
planning.
https://www.cheggindia.com/general-knowledge/town-planning-of-indus-valley-civilization/
Prepared By-Dr. Basweshwar S. J.

8. Lecture 3: Greek and Roman Towns
GreekPlanning
•HippodamianPlan–IntroducedbyHippodamus;featured
straightstreetscrossingatrightangles,dividingthecityinto
regularrectangularblocks.
•PublicSpaces(Agora)–Centralopenareafortrade,
governance,andsocialgatherings,surroundedbyimportant
buildings.
•ArchitecturalFeatures–Inclusionoftemples,theatres,
gymnasiums,andmarketsreflectingciviclifeandcultural
priorities.
Prepared By-Dr. Basweshwar S. J.

9. Lecture 3: Greek and Roman Towns
RomanPlanning
•RomanForum–Centralcivicspacecombiningpolitical,
religious,andcommercialactivities.
•RoadNetwork–Cardo(north–south)andDecumanus
(east–west)roadsformingthecity’sbackbone;connectedto
empire-wideroadsystems.
•Aqueducts–Engineeredchannelstobringfreshwaterfrom
distantsourcesintocities.
•MilitaryTowns(Castra)–Rectangularfortifiedlayoutswith
barracks,centralheadquarters,anddefensivewalls.
Prepared By-Dr. Basweshwar S. J.

10. Lecture 4: Town Planning in Ancient India –I
IndusValleyCivilization
•CityLayout–Well-plannedgridironstreetnetwork
dividingresidential,commercial,andpublicareas.
•Infrastructure–Covereddrainagesystemsandsoak
pitsensuringhygieneandsanitation.
•Architecture–Useofuniformburntbricksfor
houses,granaries,publicbathsliketheGreatBathat
Mohenjo-Daro.
Prepared By-Dr. Basweshwar S. J.

11. Lecture 4: Town Planning in Ancient India –I
VedicPeriod
•PlanningPhilosophy–GuidedbyVastuShastraprinciples
emphasizingharmonywithcosmicorder.
•SettlementPatterns–Villagesandfortifiedtownsorganized
aroundacentralopenspaceortemple.
•IntegrationwithNature–Streetsandstructuresalignedto
cardinaldirections;emphasisonwaterbodies.
Prepared By-Dr. Basweshwar S. J.

12. Lecture 5: Town Planning in Ancient India –II
BuddhistPeriod
•UrbanForm–Developmentoftownsaroundmonasteries
(viharas)andreligiousstructureslikestupas.
•EconomicRole–Locatedalongtraderoutestoattract
pilgrimsandmerchants.
•ArchitecturalInfluence–Rock-cutchaityas,vihara
courtyards,andsymbolicgateways(toranas).
Prepared By-Dr. Basweshwar S. J.

13. Lecture 5: Town Planning in Ancient India –II
Medieval&MogulPeriods
•MedievalPlanning–Irregular,windingstreetsadaptingto
terrain;fortifiedwallsfordefense.
•MogulUrbanForm–Symmetricallayouts,grandavenues,and
theiconiccharbaghgardenstyle.
•Infrastructure–Waterchannels,fountains,stepwells,and
garden-basedcityplanning.
Prepared By-Dr. Basweshwar S. J.

14. Lecture 6: British Period Town Planning
ColonialUrbanForms
•SegregatedZones–ClearseparationofEuropean
quartersandnativesettlements.
•Cantonments–Low-densityareaswithopenspaces,
militarybarracks,andwidetree-linedavenues.
•CivilLines–Residentialareasforofficials,located
awayfromcrowdednativetowns.
Prepared By-Dr. Basweshwar S. J.

15. Lecture 6: British Period Town Planning
PresidencyTowns
•Calcutta,Bombay,Madras–Strategiccoastalcities
functioningastradeandadministrativehubs.
•Trade&Governance–Integrationofportfacilitieswith
governmentoffices.
•Infrastructure–Introductionofrailways,docks,telegraph
lines,andcolonialcivicbuildings.
Prepared By-Dr. Basweshwar S. J.

16. Lecture 7: Post-Independence Planning in India
Five-YearPlans&NewTowns
•UrbanFocus–FirstPlansfocusedonindustryand
infrastructure;laterPlansstressedhousingand
balancedgrowth.
•PlannedCities–Chandigarh(modernist),Gandhinagar,
andBhubaneswarasstatecapitals.
•ModernistInfluence–Useofgeometricforms,wide
roads,andgreenbelts.
https://urbandesignlab.in/exploring-the-top-12-planned-cities-in-
india/?srsltid=AfmBOopr2u7vSz1_mQDqbyx6W3OnMo6IUJfBsqqVo4sonSKcbf7E1n9A
Prepared By-Dr. Basweshwar S. J.

17. Lecture 7: Post-Independence Planning in India
RoleofTCPO
•Functions–Preparationofmasterplansand
nationalurbanpolicyframeworks.
•Legislation–Guidanceontownplanningacts
anddevelopmentcontrolrules.
•SupporttoStates–Training,technical
consultancy,andurbanresearch.
Prepared By-Dr. Basweshwar S. J.

18. Lecture 8: Theories of Urban and Regional Planning
ClassicalTheories
•GardenCityTheory–Self-containedcities
withgreenbeltstobalanceurbangrowth
andnature.
•ConcentricZoneTheory–Urbanexpansion
inringsfromthecentralbusinessdistrict.
•SectorTheory–Developmentalong
transportandcommunicationcorridors.
Prepared By-Dr. Basweshwar S. J.

19. Lecture 8: Theories of Urban and Regional Planning
ModernApplications
•MultipleNucleiTheory–Citieswithseveralactivitycenters
ratherthanasinglecore.
•IndianAdaptations–Adjustmentsformixedlanduse,high-
densityareas,andinformalsettlements.
•Examples–Delhi’smulti-nodalgrowth,Mumbai’ssectoral
expansion,Bengaluru’stechnologycorridors.
Prepared By-Dr. Basweshwar S. J.

20. Prepared By-Dr. Basweshwar S. J.