BUILDING CONSTRUCTION PROCESS FROM START TO FINISH 1.pdf

study purpose

1. CASE STUDY

SEQUENTIAL STEPS FORA
FIMILIARSATION WITH
BUILDING PROJECTS

Submitted By
J. Nagabhushana Rao (22261NC010)
D. Sudas (22261NC011)

Kishore Kumar (22261NC012)

2. BUILDING CONSTRUCTION PROCESS FROM START TO FINISH

Building construction isan ancient human activity that began purely from a functional need
to provide shelter from the elements. Over time, human beings have adapted to a variety of
climates, The first human shelters were basic structures that did not lat long,

Now, more durable structures are available thanks to the development of durable
‘construction materials, elaborate building techniques and processes, and improvementsin
construction labor.

Building construction is a complex undertaking, respective ofthe type of building.
Succeeding requires a lot of time, effort, and financial investment. The first step to a
successful construction project is to develop an extensive plan

The building construction process must be done step by step to ensure an efficient
construction process. Consider important aspects such as the purpose of the building,
finances, utility, and demand for work before starting the planning phase.

This article will discuss the building construction process from start to finish.

WHAT IS BUILDING CONSTRUCTION?

Building construction describes the physical activity on a construction site that contributes
to building or structure construction. This process involves unloading plant, machinery,
materials, cladding, fixtures, iting of installations, formwork, and external finish,

‘The building construction process is a series of routine tasks completed by skilled persons. It
involves alot oftime and tedious work and must be managed carefully. This process can be
split into three phases: pre-construction, construction, and post-construction.

STEP 1: PRE-CONSTRUCTION PROCESS

Before a project begins,tho client must work closely with the design team and contractor to
develop the project plan. The pre-construction process is where the contractor and the
design team develop detailed drawings, budgets, schedules, and labor projections.

3. The core team defines the project and prepares cost estimates depending on the clients.
budget. The team must also identify potential risks and develop solutions to ensure optimal
use of resources.

The pre-construction phase is characterized by deliberate thoroughness to ensure that all
potential needs are identified and addressed early. Regular communication between the
(Core project team and the consultants is vital during pre-construction.

ACQUIRING LAND
The most crucial step in bullding construction is acquiring land for the project. The location
should be well-suited for the project requirements. Before the land acquisition, itis best to
Conduct feasibility studies to ensure the land is strategically located and is ree from land:
related issues. It is also necessary to evaluate the projects cost-effectiveness before kickof.
INITIAL MEETING

The pre-construction phase starts with an initial meeting between the client and the
general contractor. The parties can familiarize themselves with each other. It also allows.
contractors to understand the client needs.

‘The two parties must define the goals and objectives ofthe project at this stage. The client
has an opportunity to ask questions that the contractor must resolve. The contractor must
{use this meeting to understand the clients vision and decide whether or not they can
execute it

‘The initial meeting allows the contractor to determine the scope of work, the feasibility of
the project, and the amount of work required. The contractor can then define the project
deliverables and outline a schedule.

ESTIMATING AND BUDGETS

(Once the initial meeting is completed, the contractor can vist the site and develop a design
and layout. Building construction involves a considerable quantity of material and budget,

and its easy for costs to overrun. Once the planning and structural detailing is done, the
Construction estimator shares the details.

‘The construction estimator estimates the quantity and quality of materials needed. The
contractor wil then develop a budget that includes estimated costs of labor, materials,
‘machinery, and other requirements. The budget will depend on the quality and quantity of
materials needed

if financial resources are limited, the contractor and the property owner must seek pre
approval loans before construction.

SCHEDULE

‘Once the project scope is laid out and the contractor has done a site visit itis time to
develop a project schedule, The schedule defines when certain aspects of the work will tart
and end.

‘The schedule is typically updated during the project lifecycle to paint a clearer picture of
construction timelines. Project scheduling is crucial as it affects overall project costs and
profit margins.

4. STEP 2: BUILDING CONSTRUCTION PHASE
With the project plan and team in place, itis time to clear the site and start building. The
building construction phase is where the project comes to life. It isa critical step because it
involves multiple working parts and deadlines.

Each contractor and subcontractor must now execute the plan, from site preparation to
SITE PREPARATION.

Site preparation isthe clearing of the site in readiness for construction. Site preparation
Clears the way for other remedial or demolition work required before workers start
constructing the building.

Site clearing involves removing rubbish, machinery, equipment, and unwanted materials.
Some site preparation activities may require approvals. The workers must take care not to
destroy any trees that are meant to be protected.

A site waste management plan (SWMP) is essential to ensure materials are managed and
disposed of efficiently and legally. The SWMP also outlines the reuse and recycling of
‘materials where possible. Only professional disposal experts should handle hazardous
substances like asbestos and contaminated waste.

Site preparation is typically carried out under the main construction contract but can be
Carried out in advance. Site preparation can also be part of a wider enabling works contract,
including soll stabilization, demolition, construction of access roads, and services diversion,
CONSTRUCTION

The construction process begins at excavation and ends once the interior and exterior
finishes are complete.

EXCAVATION,

Once the sites cleared, itis time for excavation. Excavation refers to the removal of earth to
form a cavity in the ground. Small sites may do excavation manually using shovel, picks,
and wheelbarrows. However, heavy plant machinery is used in large-scale excavations.

5. Excavation can be classified according to the material being removed, for instance, topsoil,
‘muck, earth, and rock excavation It can also be classified according to the purpose trench,
road basement, and bridge excavation,

FOUNDATION
The cleared and excavated site Is now ready for construction, and the foundation can be
poured. The foundation isthe lower part of the substructure It transfers the building's loads
tothe ground,

The foundation is built according to the architect's drawings. The drawings determine the
foundation's length, width, depth, size, and type.

Concrete foundations are widely used for buliding structures. However, the choice of
foundation can vary depending on the water table level and soll composition ofthelocation.
Soil testing is crucial to determine the bearing capacity ofthe sol

Shallow foundations may be adequate for low-rise buildings. However, ile foundations are
best for high-rise buildings. Builders will place formworks and reinforcements in the
‘excavated trenches to construct the foundation. The Engineer must monitor the
reinforcement works

FRAMING

Framing is the installation of wood frames and steel beams to support the building. It is a
time-consuming but crucial part of building construction as it sets the groundwork for the
rest of the building.

MASONRY

[Now that the framing is complete, it is time to begin the masonry work The architect's
drawings will determine the material used: ash brick, concrete blocks, or brick.

‘The masons bind the building materials using a coment mortar mix, leaving gas for the
doors, windows, and doorways.

ELECTRICAL AND PLUMBING WORK

‘The specialty contractors are brought in to complete the rough plumbing and electrical
work This process involves installing pipes and wires under the floors, callings, and walls.
The electrical and plumbing work is not completed at this stage; only the rough work is
done to enable drywall insulation, and caling Installation. The point and pipe ends must be
left out and finished later with plumbing fixtures and electrical fittings.

‘This step is important to ensure that electrical and plumbing work is not visible after
finishing.

ROOFING

Once the basic structure is done, roofing is installed, Roofing protects the interior from the
weather elements, preventing damage and disruptions. The contractors should be brought
into start working on the exterior ofthe building at this stage.

EXTERIOR FINISHING.

Exterior finishing involves plastering the external parts ofthe building, I also involves
external cladding to elevate the house.

6. HEATING AND COOLING WORK
With aroofand exterior walls in place itis time to address the heating and cooling needs of
thebuilding. This process involves the installation of vents, ducts, heating units, and cooling
systems,

INTERIOR FINISHING

‘The next step isto plaster the internal walls for a smooth finish and install tiles on the floor.
Interior finishing also includes installing drywall, ceiling, and insulation. The electrician can
also come in and finish the outlets and install the light fixtures.

WOODWORK AND FIXTURE FITTINGS

The construction is almost complete now, and its time to complete the plumbing fittings in
the kitchen and bathrooms. Toilets, cabinets, windows, and doors are fited too.
WATERPROOFING

Waterproofing isthe process of preventing water from penetrating the building.
Waterproofing is done to reduce humidity and keep the house dry.

PAINTING

Painting gives the house a beautiful finish and protects it from exposure to rain dir,
sunlight, and stains. A good paint job can give a building 5 to 10 extra years of life.

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STEP 3: POST-CONSTRUCTION PHASE

The post-construction phase is the final process before the building is handed over to the
Client or owner. The post-construction phase includes completing the punch list items and
the final walk-through. A punch list isa document that lists all the contract items a
contractor must full to be paid,

THE WALK-THROUGH

‘Once the construction is complete, the team must walk through the building to confirm
that ll the project specifications have been met. The contractor and the architect must
certify that the building is fully functional.

7. Ifthe architect is satisfied, they wil issue a certificate of satisfactory completion. The relevant
supervisors must confirm that the building meets the local authorities requirements, and
the local government will issue a certificate of occupancy.

HANDOVER

The contractor can now hand over the building to the owner. The owner is given substantial
time to confirm that they are comfortable operating every aspect of the new building, The
contractor can provide training and support as necessary.

The contractor also must hand over all the blueprints and operation manuals to the owner.

SUMMARY
‘The building construction process is essential to the success of any construction project. It
consumes a lot of time and resources but ensures no stones left unturned.

‘The building construction process can be split into three main phases, pre-construction,
Construction, and post-construction. The three main phases of construction involve many
systematic activities.

‘The pre-construction phase includes acquiting land, strategic design, preparing budgets
and estimates, acquiring licenses and permits, and hiring experts. The construction phase
involves site preparation, excavation, foundation, framing, masonty work roofing, interior
finishes, and exterior finishes.

Finally, post-construction involves the final walkthrough and thehandover of the completed
building