Burns_Presentation_BSc_Nursing ahn 1st.pptx

Burn

1. Burns BSc Nursing 4th Semester – Full Teaching Content

2. Definition A burn is an injury to the skin or other organic tissue primarily caused by heat, radiation, electricity, friction, or contact with chemicals. It results in tissue damage and may range from superficial to deep destruction.

3. Causes of Burns • Thermal burns – from flame, hot liquids, steam • Electrical burns – from current flow through body • Chemical burns – from acids, alkalis, or organic compounds • Radiation burns – from exposure to ionizing radiation • Friction burns – from skin rubbing against rough surface

4. Classification of Burns • First-degree (Superficial): affects only epidermis, red and painful • Second-degree (Partial thickness): affects epidermis and dermis, blisters form • Third-degree (Full thickness): destroys all skin layers, painless due to nerve damage • Fourth-degree: extends to muscle and bone

5. Clinical Manifestations • Redness, pain, and swelling • Blister formation • Charred or white leathery skin • Loss of sensation in severe burns • Shock in extensive burns

6. Pathophysiology Burn injury → Tissue damage → Inflammatory response → Increased capillary permeability → Fluid loss & edema → Hypovolemia → Decreased cardiac output → Shock if untreated.

7. Assessment of Burns • Rule of Nines – estimates total body surface area (TBSA) burned • Depth of burn • Location of burn • Presence of inhalation injury • Patient age and associated conditions

8. Management – Emergency Care • Stop the burning process • Remove clothing/jewelry near burn area • Cool the burn with running water (not ice) • Cover with clean cloth or sterile dressing • Prevent shock – lay patient flat, elevate legs • Maintain airway and breathing

9. Medical Management • Fluid replacement – Parkland formula (4ml × body weight × %TBSA) • Pain relief – analgesics, opioids • Wound care – antiseptic dressings, debridement • Tetanus prophylaxis • Antibiotics to prevent infection • Nutritional support – high protein and calorie diet

10. Nursing Management • Assess airway, breathing, circulation (ABC) • Monitor vital signs and fluid balance • Administer fluids and medications as prescribed • Maintain aseptic technique during dressing • Provide pain relief and emotional support • Encourage adequate nutrition and hygiene • Educate on burn prevention and home care

11. Complications • Hypovolemic shock • Infection and sepsis • Contractures and scarring • Acute renal failure • Psychological trauma

12. Prevention of Burns • Educate on fire safety and safe cooking • Use protective equipment in workplace • Keep chemicals out of reach of children • Avoid overloading electrical circuits • Install smoke detectors and fire extinguishers

13. Conclusion Burns are preventable but can be life-threatening if severe. Prompt first aid, proper medical and nursing care are essential to reduce complications and promote healing.