Cadaveric study of interiors of left ventricle.pptx

Cadaveric study of interiors of left ventricle

1. Cadaveric study of interiors of left ventricle BY-ANSHIKA SINGH B-5

2. OVERVIEW Introduction Aim Materials and methods Observation Result Discussion Clinical application Acknowledgement References

3. INTRODUCTION The left ventricle is constructed in accordance with its role as a powerful pump for the high-pressured systemic arterial circulation.[1] Left ventricle is half-ellipsoid or cone shape, it is longer and narrower than the right ventricle.[1] Its long axis descends anteriorly and to the left.[1] The shape of the left ventricle changes from elliptical in the neonatal period to round adult shape later in infancy.[2] Obese children aged 2 years have greater left ventricular mass compared with normal weight.[3]

4. EXTERNAL FEATURES Apex of heart Small part of sternocostal surface Left two-thirds of diaphragmatic surface Left border of the heart

5. INTERNAL FEATURES The left ventricle has an inlet region guarded by the mitral valve ( ostium venosum ),an outlet region guarded by the aortic valve ( ostium arteriosum ) and an apical trabecular component.[1] The trabeculae carneae of the left ventricle are well developed and present two large papillary muscles (anterior and posterior) and no moderator band.[4] The papillary muscles are attached to the cusps of mitral valve by the chordae tendinae .[4]

6. AIM TO DO THE CADAVERIC STUDY OF INTERIORS OF LEFT VENTRICLE

7. MATERIALS Dissection kit including- Scalpel Pointed , toothed and blunt forceps Scissors Cotton Measuring tape

8. METHODS The cadaveric study involves three components :- Dissection Identification Imaging The study was done on embaled cadaver of age between 45-60 years from The Department of Anatomy, King George’s Medical University.

9. OBSERVATION

10. Posterior papillary muscles Anterior papillary muscles Chordae tendinae

11. Left atrioventricular orifice

12. Aortic valve (semilunar valve)

13. CUSPS OF MITRAL VALVE

14. Chordae tendinae Papillary muscles

15. DISCUSSION According to the cadaveric study of 50 hearts done by Pooja Bhadoria et.al All hearts were found to contain two and three papillary muscles in left and right ventricle respectively. In rare situations, Madu et al. reported an extra papillary muscle lying near to the apex . [5] Lakhanpal et al., in their research work on papillary muscles of the bicuspid valve in the Central Indian population, reported the presence of accessory anterior papillary muscles in 31% and accessory posterior papillary muscles in 25% of hearts, respectively.[6]

16. COMPARISION According to the study done by us on the 7 hearts present in the Anatomy department of KGMU, Lucknow(U.P.). PAPILLARY MUSCLES BROAD APEXED FAN SHAPE PYRAMI DAL SHAPE CONICAL SHAPE APM 5 1 1 PPM 5 1 1 PAPILLARY MUSCLES BROAD APEXED FAN SHAPE PYRAM IDAL SHAPE CONICAL SHAPE APM 71.42% 14.28% 14.28% PPM 71.42% 14.28% 14.28%

17. BROAD APEX APM FAN SHAPE PPM CONICAL SHAPE APM

18. RESULT After conducting extensive cadaveric studies of the interiors of left ventricle, We were able to identify the trabeculae carneae . Also left AV and aortic orifice and the valves. And the shapes of papillary muscles.

19. CLINICAL APPLICATION MITRAL STENOSIS It is the narrowing of mitral orifice. Leads to rise in the left atrial pressure and enlargement of the left atrium , which may press on the oesophagus .

20. Clinically, the features of mitral stenosis are: Dyspnoea Dysphagia Ortner’s syndrome TREATMENT Valvuloplasty Transcatheter mitral valve replacement Commissurotomy

21. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to extend my deepest gratitude to: Dr.Archana Rani and Dr.Honey as my moderator. Teachers of Department of Anatomy for their guidance. Faculty members for providing the necessary materials and instruments.

22. REFERENCES Gray’s Anatomy For The Student 4th Edition Azancot et al 1983 De Jonge et al 2011 Textbook of Anatomy by Vishram Singh II 4th Edition Madu et al 1997 Lakhanpal A V et al 2016

23. THANK YOU