Cambridge English advanced (cae) 2 with key.exam essentials practice test. (2014)

Cambridge English advanced

1. EXAM ESSENTIALS PRACTICE TESTS

Cambridge English:
Advanced (CAE)

with key
Brand new tests for the 2015 exam specifications

‘eight complete practice tests
detailed guidance and essential tips
unique DVD-ROM with complete Speaking interview and tips from examiners

‘essential support and key language for Speaking paper
“additional writing models and useful phrases

NEW

DVD-ROM.
Includes vio ot
‘complete Speaking

3 Interview and tips

3. Contents
Section
Introduction
DVD-ROM introduc
Test 1 with guidance
Test 2 with guidance
Tost 3 with guidance
Testa

Tests

Testo

Test7

Tests

ample answer sho

Materials for Paper 4
Writing bank
Glossary

Audio scripts

Answer key

10

1

2

52

so

128

17

169

193

206

233

4. Exam Overview

‘CAMBRIDGE ENGLISH: ADVANCED

vm) eme [an ==
2 CR A moaitied clo th sig

Paper 2: WAMING 1 hour 30 minutes

5. Paper 3: LISTENING (40

Par Tape ‘amber questions Tsk

|
SPEAKING 1 minus porn)
Part Task type and focus | reat

6. Cambridge English: Advanced (CAE) Practice Tests
‘avanead (CAE) exam regule, offers die ab
pronta penn tn pon lo am, ing

Taking the Exam

Cambridge Engh: Advanced a one alo eres of fe
for Languages (CFR Ñ “

ga Fi (FCE) CEFR Level 2

eh Profiseney (CP) CE

-Cambriógs Engl

in commaroe and Indun, a pro! at tw holder of

1 hour 30 minutes)

ape Youeedt complete sac gavia spropr
Werd. Prt tests your knowl ol ostra ol ha
an appropriate word formed rem prompt werd in

roferonco and comparison |
+ Part consi of fou short teats writen y four feront

‘ho parasraphe ave been removed: Fat 7 ous Your

7. per 2 Writing (1 hour 30 minutes)

Hesng, te, opin, purpose. function, agreement

rang spe formation and sun opinion.

tna you choose Wom a al f pom a pins

Paper 4 Speaking fepproximtely 15 minutes)

he Spasking Paper grey inv

‘onthe omo conciatos romps 30 second. Part 2

ego, te

Proparing for the exam

Reading and Use of Engl
To preparo for he Use of English (are 1.2, 9 and 4

Frame era

onen 7]

8. practi een reading rates that con Be used
ivre precise meaning,
‘You need tobe familar vtr ans text types you may be

la a organe and are Kees inked
Epprepistay

Furr information an o obtains rom the Cambridge

Practico Test: contents

Cambridge English: Advanced (CAE) in tne Exam

Foi stusenepresaoforeaeh open we the ‘allowing
Foe teta thot guidaneel wil fr stants arough

{he rpotions and fl pauses, exactly an In tho exam

You wil And sample exam answer chute on pagos
88-168 wien you can photocopy and us o nate vn

9. Practice Tests: principles

themselves. Seeing the questions in this light e

10. Cambridge
vio uno e So e carpoen fhe
ROM includes two videos: a

available on the DVD-ROM:

‘ne complete svt ofthe Spain ts.

A completo Speaking test

bridge Englch: Advanced
Slightly extended version of Uw Speaking test This

sl ment Examine?

Par 3: Collab

two outre

by oeking condes questions. Condes exchange

tips for improvira candidate
In epculting on
Par 3, candidates werd o wor à

12. A

Essential tips

A Stone-Age restaurant

des inspires

13. SELLLETTTIT TI 111

Body language - do we really understand it?

14. seo Engi or questions 1-2, read the tert blow Use the word giv in capital a th and

Bsamote (0) SHIORF REECE LCI

Fog catchers - a way of getting water into
the desert

Make. “oo 0

16. PAPER Reno en
se Era ‘ou are going 10 rende nowapper aici Fo questions 31-8, chocan he net

Birdwatching

Bird expert Tim Bios looks atthe fascinating eubjetof what we know or an know about bird

Tw sight of two lovebirda nibing each ethers necks is enough of a cliché that we barely give ta second
thought These sal parrot ar ene lavoir because hs deseness and mutual preening esemble huma
MU. Br ot do toy foul wan they beteve ike I? Ind do they Tes! sting a al Even sain
the quests seams wrong somenon, espacial You consider your! an enologia student of animal
behaviour The Nobel re canner, Nike“ abergen, warned fellow ihologst o soot wal coat of folge
legis, through much of my coves | pave hardy deviated from tie herd-npend approve. But every so
‘hen have seen comas that Simply vould it was wih

Vian my boyhood bitwatching became on ebgession rather hen simp y a hay, my despairing father anal
Ine that Fd never make a career out ff Due ai, Stwatching e the bot posaba walnıng fr studying
[imal behoviout, to Study Die wel, you have fo almost tink Ike 2 Br apor! yeas on van

lands watah'ng those great seabirds ullemote. ntngly socal guillemets lve shouldeto shoulder In huge
ke colonies. Lie u oy form fendhipe and long-term pr bonds an, ke loves, they show ther
Bon for their porters tough mural preening and string greeting ceremonies.

‘Once as watched, an incubating gerne stood up from ts egg and roared out its greeting ~apparetiy to no
One was perpexse, but on ooking out ss = nundrads of muon sway toro was à ullamor ping lower.
the colony A love seconds Ine, ended bade ts partner. Guillemots were never eit In same for mo ater
{his To) can ue vo much beter than en, and they have some nd of guillemetrocognition syst in nei

il it was elatvelystoightforword to describe how much bette or worse bird sees, hears, small o
Touches than wn Go, tying o understand Scenic how a bird false aught wn Gels. As the
philosopher Thomas Nager ported out in hi 1974 ey Whats ke to De à bal” we Cannot know what le
lie tobe anexar person, et alone another species. Ha chose bits Dee thay aro male and we share
10 of physolagy and murobialogy wit them, and because bat possess a sonen most of us dont have
‘cholozation listening for echows to orate tings | muspact Nagel though that po human can echolocate, but
{for some Bing poole do so extremely wall Nagas point, however his: because ts possible L Know
‘thot iis kote bo another person, trying 15 Imagine wit non humana fe! sa waste of time.

‘roll Butts aloo suid of rap Anything that dent gt gored because he alectue Hamework can
Part ae to say something doren [o an of hing belle unprofessional. But ways of inking come and
Go. Aa cur inowledge ct animal behaviour hes crecen and wit ha relation tat co many DONS we
Shoe comsierad onu human, Ike tool uso and language, aren, the Dourdan rn hag.

Ita very wal study th survival value of long arm pale bands or mutual prening, but without knowing
tying about tw sanzony base for thaws hehoviours, our understanding le heey going to be incomplets
Ru years ago. behavioı ia soclogiste discovered aymmatry, and assumed that symmetry for exam in
à pity proportioned human face ora peacor al consitated beauty and quali, and wes therefore ihe
fats forth Srita of parres, Few reearehers bothered to Let whether animals could case aymmetıy
Inthe some vay we can, Ons who dd checked whether female staring cout digit malas haved on
the symmetry oft feuer. Theos high y soil bids couldn. Ti sensc werent up to Any study al
ha soeasod sting parnar haie on te base of symmetry wihout knowing this wuld Rave reached false
Conclusions. ln conta, sonas of sion in age Land Most other rs) fs fr etter than ur own: they

17. Essential tips

18. Should entry to museums be free of charge?

The views of four speskere at» conference on museum funding are summarised her,

In the late 19805 tho thon UK government decided 10 end admision charges toa numberof easing museums
fn art galerie inthe country, and within afew yeare visor numbers to eee init ons had almost double,
‘ne report estimated sm inca rom 27 to #2 milion vistors vin a year This sthe clearest poste evidence
for the popularity of free museum admission wi both local iz and tourists e np oinekdanee that the
UK saw an improssivo grown in tourism to the country in the same period, and thote ls no need to into
deta nore about th implications of tis Yor employment and general prosporty. Add o tls the contribution
tha asus make in communicating culture, knowledge nd inspiration to vitor, parcul y younger ones,
and becomes obvious thatthe state Investment require to fund es erty fo museums pays i hands

Its hardly surprising that surveys show most people favour free museum admission. Why would anyone
puma fee chance 19 on accion of bana pining ar some fsciatingRstonel objets? The ad ls
however thot although visitor numbers generally go up wen admission Is ros: more detailed analysis of the
figures reveals some complex iss, For exami, 1 ar rom coto n that ree muscum access automatically
brings inthe tourist. Most market resuaren Indices In! they want qual and wil Pay for ll nocoesary.
Morgover, Ihe evidence suggest that people who un museuma hich tly on he sae or ths Candi han
ite incentive to make ther collections more exciting and imeginatwely displayed In order to Doce stor
numbers the fe, or absence of ane, dows Uni work los Urn. The need Lo alrast paying customer, On
‘ther hand, tends to concenraa the minds of mon and galery ecc

e

Frao admission to museums and galeries usually causes attendance to ro and, with effective marketing,
malins grow inthe tourist industry. However sts have iso found that, by and large, meressed entres
re accounted for by tourists, who do not pay Ion] income axes, and more frequsrt visits by Incl propia who
ready go to muusoume,rathor than a sider oresd of te population. In other words all taxpayers suc
Fun ace for louis an ited focal aroely midol=case demographie whe could afford 10 pay for
Museum admission. Therefor, the claim that fre muspums make the wie population more krowleagesbie
And cultured is quostonable at best. In fact 1, the majority have Ito interest In museums and are resentful
sen hey fern how much tie are payin for Iham. Tray wroul be even more porte 1a haar tht toe
Funded museums, re ofthe nnd 1 computa to survive und o be complacent an onenterrsig.

D

Muteums have a crucial roo to playin preserving and tanamiting a nation’s history and heritage, and in
brain intact and cultural Porton, among the younger generation in partevlor Opinion pols show
{that most people uncerstond this and, for his reason, favour em sosa. Thuy alo sow poopie understand.
that fe museum aomieion require state funding, which In turn dapands on taxation, Wale most fu dal
paying Tones, we know what thay aro for. People ean alo aporecate Int government Lunding gives those who
om moteur a certain lava ol any wien allows them to plan for che longer-term, Te tends tit the
Qualty of muscum callctions ond the way thay aro displayed and explained to visitors Great museums which
Have tow seco also help o boos tounem, which is 20 contralto the economic wall being of many counts

pe Test 12 PAPER 4 Res and Use ef Ent >» po

19. Which contributor

haste some opinion as Con the way tate ending ates =

theca ovate con ro lomas al

20. PAPER 1 Reading and
se teren

The rise and fall of the ancient Maya ci

No civilisation has fallen quie ike the Maya, seamingly
tual and Sgrculural evolution. What ont wrong?
Recent discover pom not to à catacysinc erupln,
650. At the beginning of the eocaliod Classic Mayo
period, some 80 Maya cies sprang up across much of
day Guatemala, Bolte and Mexico's Yacotan

|

But then came the bust,» decline tat lasted at least
two comunes, 8y 1100, te residente of ores thriving
Moya tes seem to have jst disappeared. ln Ihn
the overgrown it
An immense velcanie eruption cr sarhauake = of

hal

One study of stalagmites in a cavern in Bolice
links swängs in weather patterns lo both the rise
and fall of the empire, Formed by water and
Minerals dripping. Tom above, stalagmites. grow
Casse Maya period wae unucually wot! according
Lo lon researeor Douglas Kero And during Us
time, he says, ho population proliferate, aided by

E

But the long wet poll tuned out 10 be an anomaly.
When the climate ponculum swung back, nord timos.
followed. Mayan systems were founded on those
high oinfall paltas Kennell said. They could
hol support themselves whan petteins changed

sation

‘Tha following contri wore characterised by repeated
and, at times crème, crevaht. Agriculture celine
And. net comcidentaly so confio ros

=)

“|

record suagests that between 1020 and 1100 the region

ered ts longest cry spa ofthe lay 2.000 yr Wath
the study suggest ox cp an min mass

migration and dom. by te time Spanish congustodore

BI

According to climate seientist. Benjamin Cook, tie
nidesprend deforestation reduced he ow of moisture

yee and in turn reducing rental
mulation tt Cook ran for One mud
sure by five to 15 per cent annually, “Even a ten

I

But sccordingto Professor ofEnvironment ang Society
BLL Turner, thats the kind of aversimplicaion ware
opolcoble todoy our society le Just 30 radially
diferent: In Ds own study Turner concludes that he
Sator environment recovered rather quick after
the dry centuries, What hapaened tote Maya, he

ee, le that in order to eacape starvation and
was llana many moved to coastal areas scher We
was comparatively casi And once there, they may
Simply Move Torgoton their geet cts

21. To some extant, however, the Maya may have
hoped thelr own decia. A he eight of th
vilstion, the ates had a population of tone
have been cut down to make space for cies and

1B. inc, it was daring st decades of tis
‘ra, from A220 6 66, that he iin sprouted
sophisticated polticl systems, monumental
renecture, complex olgion —eame into Full

© One cummon misconception is thatthe Mays
‘completely vanished after the arriva ofthe
Spanish inthe sotgonth century, Tere are in
fact Mayan people stl Un Aro today sith
heir um culture an traditions. The mary

tran Maya discussed philosophy, developed
Sn accurate soler-yearcalnder and relished the
roves fat not choclate Farmers, too, meto

Essential tips

¡ding hen, turing isis into torrac fois
16 feed the fast growing population

Ad this tothe broader trend and the itstion
becomes ira —» cauifanay tae forthe modern
Word, some warn. The far tht, us more and
and 88 global temporal continue 10 ao, we
moy risk the same at tat Beto o Maya.

F The Maya rligious and polticel system was
based an the belie tha rulers were in door
communication withthe gods, When these
tivine connections falle to produce ral and
good harvests tensions probably developed. In
nly 25 years between 750 and 775, lor example,
3 Kurs commissioned the same number 0
And strategie allances, according to Kennett’:

intermined — overpopulation, warfare, famine,
throught And ono ofthe hotest els of qu
perhaps of the Maya's own doing.

22. 1

PAPER Read a >|

gz of engssn

IEE Which student

Essential tips

23. Students who start businesses

‘Moot somo enterprising students who have started their own businesses while at university

Lisa James

ng that Usa James has St up hr
ut hapgoned on 8 mich great
Seat tn she's envisage Tien lor Creen
hosp, Rol Towers were bane, 0 Icod,
Bofora lang, Lisa and her mother, Mari, had Set
Ub Cores Flowers fo tr ar Wed

Lisa handle the marketing and design. Murn dues
the eet 20 1 can do my coursework though nat
mac ese- do t go parties, for example” She's
leo 9000 at maraging hes tne something
Gol ed toot school I aid competitive athletes
fn had to fit round schoolwork

Lisa plans to continue developing the business,
har she con't look too for ahead, “Someone sls
ME ase the potontal in à and tate our Lade
Sway. That hurt DELHI heppened. | guess Ta
ar another Busines.

Joanna Payne

snes degrse. Her university offers “sandwich
Courses, meaning that studants can sped your
three of a our year egres working Tor» business
‘selling up her own business, hor locturers were
Heston hut agreed. Joanna launched Buccanser
Productions, specalzing in eroating games for
mart phones. The three games shee released
32 far nave impressed the university co much
Busy, but har Iie is even more hectic now su
fhe hos to juggle loctures and dissertation
'acckonds like my course mates do, bur | cant
ford the time” she aye. "The appa market is
Fey fas-moving. and tough, and youve. aot
(Step on top of A, otherwise it con al como
traning oven’ The upside, of course, I tha

© Alexis Taylor

When Alexis Taylor graduates in psychology,
he wil leave unver wih a volatiles
Business, Taylor Totes. The company offers one
tone nutorng fr high school Sadam Al he
More are aidons with recent experiance. af
choo! Aloe came up with the iden in her fst
Money" says Alexis. 1 sel up a database of
In local school, and pretty much avolwod as FA
imagino. | dont know why no one ala as dor
Iti on toy might do actually” Sha ins she
as forte to hava chanced upon a mentor,
Tol Martino, an older busincesman who Kept er
Ontrack atumen

Her business and the degree ore both relasivoty
Fest, But Aloe. rita so naa anes
{probably havent done ae much sending ne À
thou dve —payehologys a heavy subject in at
Zone! But thes convinced shes dono enough
lad her enteproneurial experience wil sand nar
‘good tee

D Zoe Roberts

Two months after Zoe started her arı degras,
her bieyle wa sion. wes à foal shock and
Immadnely wanted to do something” sho says
‘With the help of à Tocar, she designed a “yl
‘wrapper à cover to reduce bike theft und protect

Ejghteen months later, i ul just a prororype
{Zoo hae cot up a company, led 6 pater. aed
fo potental investors an manufacturers, and
‘rapper could haar the university name, Bul a
Bo idea twovidtake eo long. sho says. va spent
Sometimes | wonder vrhethor irs boon worth I
Bur ics Uwnsforned me. Fm much tougher than À
Say the“wropper wil rever work But a gut feeling
il melt come good and | need (oss wa
Ka à poor student Poe got nothing to lose realy
pte wat de

PAPER 4 Renan an Us of Eth» a

26. Essential tips

co Bu

27. —_————

28. reas

Essential tips

BECOMING A RADIO PRODUCER

30. Dres

ARGENT) Me os ton vo mos completo oth

F et PAPERS unenng +

31. COIE

Essential tips

ET

choos thie jo pe and nat aan ges te ab mit present

Pare 3a minute)

32. PAPER | 09.300 var
Use penis

Essential tips

Word-of-mouth success - what publishers dream of

4A show 8 mit Como Benno on

33. TOOT TT rrr

exam (OT

Ice water diver

34. Une the word

Sn (AREA OL

Leaders with long faces

35. Example [GIFS

36. Cycling
eon e Simon Usborne looks at ome rexerch on ring

‘You need only ok at a professional eyes to appreciate the potential eects of eyeling onthe body. But what
bout ton mund? E à question Unt has long challenged Paychologet, neurologists and anyone who Nas
‘Sondered hows sometime, riding 9 bie can induce whet fete lose o à stato of moda.

Fon usually incapable of emptying my mind but her have been ocesrions on my bike when ral | have no
colación of the presasing Aimee, Wneihr ring slony couru lanes im spring, or doing ety comunales,
tine on pose unnoticed i's Ulaal ir of yn ane roll, and Im not alone in feting N

‘yr wht do we really now about how oyeling affch us? Danis acientit who st ut 1 meneur he bens
‘of brenifat and lunch for acadomue sebievament mong eden found diet helped, but that Uwe way pupils
{toveled to school was far more ngnifeart. Tnos who cycled or walked ei attr than Those who traveled
by cor or publi transe Another sud by ha Livery of Calor showed that oid people who were most
BASE clung those who eyled ha five por cent more gray mor than tose ho were lost am

hora have been other intresting findings too. In 2003, neuroscientist Or Jay Alberts rade a tandem bicycle
{cuss tin American set of Ono wth a end who has Parkinson cose (a conden affecting the nurvaus
[tem Tw ides mas to rise nanvanass of tho sieaee, Du 1 the suse of both der, the patient showed
Sfpifeantimprovernens, Dr Alborts then scansed the brain of 28 Parkinson patents during and ater an
signe ck orerie programme using stainary bikes, Hal the patients were allowed to rie ai on pa
Ve tie others ore pushed remem hao, just as the aientara tandem companion had ben. Al
Brass of grey meter responsible for Tunis such as walking and picking Wings up. Gyeing, and eng
andar ae nina e hol tir aig

Ve don't know how this happens, but there is more staring evidence of the link between Parkinson's and
ound tying to walk along a haaptal war, con Barly sand and ie hands shake uncontihabiy. Cut to
Ben park aera we fd the man on à bieyele bring Aupporie by staff. With a push ht ot ying post
are wrth pérect balance and coordination, Alar 4 Toop, ho comes lo a stop and hops 10 the ground, where
foots tom agi immo gen, Doctors don fly undereln this dierepaney Bar but say the Bye Ie à
sing pedals may as some sor of san cun tot aid the PAL bean

‘The sconce of eyling is evident incomplete, bl perhaps the most remarkable thing about or the avarydny
floes ts alli on hyperactive children nabwihnanding. that cn require no conscious focus at al The

{On the saat of my bike, Pun solved problems at work made life decisions and rellected usefully an emotional
ss ‘est? PAPER à Rang Ue o Eaten»

37. Essential tips

38. PAR ong 0 >|
ra You at 9

‘hoot frm the commas AD. The commis

Zoos

Zoos are notable tourist attractions as wel az being centres of research and conservation

However there sa long running debate about whether fs right 0 Keep wild animale

in enptiy particularly urban locations. Here are four contribution £ a recent online
hecussion about th subject,

A

With the destruction of natural habitar in so many port of the wei, 008 play an inrsosingly importan ol
in conservan: Without ther Intervention, many mors of the world's suniviny species would became eine
Zoos are abe o inorveno bucause of Ut experts, whi developed though long term, sutainod studios
tine 2008 themaeves, but also in suppor of ott werk the wld One vantage of having ins Serie work
‘done in 2002 tht tBacarnos more asilyaccasiiato the wider publ. 2008 ae goat vba fr termin,
people of si ages, though parut younger nes a der and memorable way ebout the proper Westen
o animals, and how esl Uy ae tote words dieron! ecosystems, The has not aways been the ase, But
modern 2308 tock ate animale well and, de uch, prosen valuable made Yo the wiser population

‘There have been many bad 2008 in the pas, but 209 animal today are wel fed and cared fr in spacious
‘activites. Studies af animals in 700s provide information that would be very hard to obtain In Le wild. A study ol
{ora et 2008 the UK and tha USA. Tor example, covered thet happiness can more to primos vos
By upto 1 yaa an finding ofthe kine ar sul for zoologits in both Zoos and Ma wid. Say 7008 ell”.
a species fram a tiny captive community va very high Bul gentrally, as Insilullons of sciente andeavour, 2008
are rusa in tie wider dissemination of knowiedge, sks and values wih regard to wide

©

‘rcoturos rather than to learn. One 200 sty found that vstors spent lass than eight seconds pas

However wll intentioned z00-kampars may be, 2008 can never raplicate the natura habitats of most wid
animals. Asa resul, 208 animale are payshologialy affected ad often display abnormal, even sel deacon,

behaviou. Amps lo une 2008 for brecdna thestened species are also wel ntentoned. Du, wih a
fexcontons, they fl to bear Au: Th kay ocor again 1 probably that 2098 are noting le natur, and wld
the population sbout will als wel meant, but Row much con vars realy discover anon! wid animal.

pe st?) FER À Reagan Ue of een»

39. Which writer

nic ont br ab =

Essential tips

40. 2

PER esona ana >|
Use of ei

a 1 you put tn o la, en

à peychatheraist ah yrs

teenagers aro por of a group from a
cary school who are saying at mie Filter
tee en Ts pupils brought Pers have [AB
So naar D or to 14 pero So

round tl people
ing them into natural encon

monos snd ewects ar bonnes, os par of he puns
anal 6 comia cm, soporto armespere ww rom Jamias Farm

tsi withthe rae ve feet se though ine

41. Essential ti

makes difrenee ranging from those pointing,
to the therapouse aspas of the physica! about
And the contact wih pnts and animals, to
‘there claiming 1 I al toda with aking people
away fom ther probleme at home

Before coming here ho was spiel, bu
longer. Tran tomething about coming here,

ips

these young people do, that does them goed
you're 3 valued member of the community”

her fellow pupil, moves forward, methodically
pouring out a dozen email heaps under to oot
Sofia cove nat ‘ook up, but a Ile el fichar

een to the couetrynida bore. For five days,
thay om up ear at vbolesomo food and do
sumar and they ar pling up coander fom

42. Apvanceo

About which book is the

lowing stated?

Sometimes the sti tvn cn be ict o rend 4]

al

vda si]

Aisne on har tog by he sme ano. =z]

provides adan that EN

43. Reviews of books

A. The Meaning of Homeby EdwinHeathcote

opere but cont be fooled While entertaining

of the 34 chapters

o ee sa can

7 "idos of motor. oklore,

mytnlogy, philosophy, montrent novation,
ie eesarch, symbos, ile and trate

Diu einama and cor areas of popular curo.

Many ofthe idene ae fascinating, though some
‘al life wre often dark, creepy ace harbouring
Fentcote has rucunsidar the home

B Why We Build by Rowan Moore

Coe Stare apor Fas poet
ron ae

Dome in Loto

fteatmant of many of the shyszrapare thet have

gone up in London in the lot tro decades. his

fad with many of the

about architecture

© The Architects Home by Peter Gossel

A fovouie ion about modern archest 1 tot

gez ovata io 109 procs

and poet tat is informative W nat

paolutely wonderful moder

Esrousles Gropive and Aalto, but slongside the
Baton the wo the demonavtion na. when
ven the chance, modern ache

Bile ndvomırauz and. imaginaba

D 20th Century World Architecture by
Phaidon editors

Nikolaus Pevaner red to defina Ihe archi
thairepoct vine about e

Born “modern movement wa la by a amv
‘umber of mastre Welter Groplen Lo Corbunir

And Fes ven dc

the publahers” Phaidon ‘have. producad this
Iaugely succredid. Sating atehitactite In wider
Fange I highly Improssve es har to qu

de from some uncertainty of purpose.
uidabook with 2800 photon ahs

47. à

RENE

Essential tips

48. Omas

RER Ve co sten ho war or non pos
ca A =>
SLEEP, WONDERFUL SLEEP

Rssenticl tips PRA o ana

49. Essential tips

Orar

50. so

Omas

8 seers Ta
E intros Sears [130

51. Gz.

Essential tips

They show aioe tas hat people

oe {Sic then son wy peopl cls ge

52. PAPER | REG von +
Use of ETOH,

Essential tips

Finding new species

‘ 8 Uni © Como Dine

53. Varto your runes IN CAPITAL LETTERS onthe spurte answer shes.

Song 0 EEC

Why you forgot what you came into the room for

is) en an mem ame eran ae te bein ura mind us of

Essential tips

54. PAPER y Ring ana
so oh,

ie your anos CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer hat

Eramote:[0 | 1]NOlUISIRITANT | LCL ELL.

Early human development and
climate change

sn ral eo food 17 made human a EMERGE
ought have ko plac in Aton oer 200.00 yooa 000
can ancestors of ore may wel have bet 28 Tecnmoıoer

55. Crone
© Cho mou ony ata pia he cou havea mushroem tp

»

srano

Jones ia "eae to armen lino for tn cosching 9

56. PAPER 1 Rad Sn
Use of Eng ‘You ae gain tread a book reve For quests 31.3, chose the anwer AB

cn ae =

Hemingway's Boat

‘Sem Leith reviews u biography of the great Amaricn novelist and short story walter Emest Hemingway:
Hemingway Boat Evorything Ho Loved in Life, And Lost. 1984-1961, by Paul Mendeikson

In Hemingzay/s Boat, Hondrikson takes the des that wring about Hemingway's boat Pris away of going at
‘deep things about the man. Por ae thre all th eacond hal e is He and shin was more Ina a rerotion
fr Hominaway. it was at the conto, ie Book Plauiby suggest, of his being in tre word. Paul Honiton
‘aly set abou geting tothe cove of Heine relations wi Pr And how

be hat just interviewed Hemingoray’s sons and eurviving former friends and holors. He hos invatigted
the hat fhe come at but Femina one an ved hey wera in in sh es
Hendeickson vll have studied his subsequent career Home lished particular stream on one oecasion
Innis teen Hendrickson wi have fished too, The I tw oll trmersion choo of well biography sy quito
the word. fe à sort of mental homo invasion

The parative oops around in time - describing the scquistion ofthe bat, and going forward and hack oi
chidhocd ping into hs legacy, an Boeing in on his death AS sll a Ihe Pin story, ses, some
Feng tro of others, Theres Arnold Suns, x wallace wanderer who ended up crewing his bost
there's Welter Hack a junior plan whose wile worked as Hemingway ezcretary and wo won sary
{ken up and three Hemingetsys youngest son, Gregory (Gil) The author interviewed te ater So, and
sense researched the fitting thar proviously undarnsamied stones ul and sympathetically inthe
hope than tw eo element, vr jose to Hemingway voi,

This book places you formidabiy deep in Hemingways world and life, kes you down tothe insations ant
he wrote. Not that it cuts corners on the wild, acllon-man sul wither Hemingway was insanely competitive, and
‘behaved with infantile paulance whan y gues. ouchunted or a fished him A one point I QUO remarks
‘ily, an Hemingway shoots himsel nthe leg on board Plar ‘Perhaps th fencrman hadnt boon tying
ds land the ah and ge and shoot inthe Nond a a one, he aclcent would never have occurred. ANS
te Sie ti owe aout, Hern ra ant Henny ating aba, shooting Mens he 09 of à

ut have, to, is the Hemingway who koa whats monster he could be, and regretted it. 1 mon
‘oho was capable of gue asi ol Kindness and generosity, and of remoran. here pro some kingly Paigaant
“Quotes = long, wonderful tra rien to the sick children nf ‘rand, for instance, and tho interviews wth
fis beloved but agi son Gig Ingathers o a semby moving and. Ther so much in this Tong book which 6
Intersting an eniighening tat deis any attempt to reduce 10 9 nest OUEN.

So | regret that! do have some reservations. Hemingway’s Boot has received praise, not only fri resarch,
Butor ls prose: sin a style Unt so sore people o hrm. To my mins, Howey, ts showy over en
Besides ths ricky davies Iie sucia swt othe presa tense abounds with pompous turas of phrase

marines cums repeated among the crazy level ef deszptie detal, with at east tree chapters contorno
the words “Amd o men roi, stil he bona Wien fring to mind al he era vorbiese sentences

book about Hering nd. somo sono, novelsaion of he authors worshipfuland tantly compative
‘lationship wath Kay sas ae asses the reader About take ancter look atte photograph ane its
“at ne takes tobe Hemingway sys confidence rit into Nie prose its someone Nae ola Rendrexeon that
{ives rary wring, and In a malo the difference between 9003 book and an astonishing one dont
{Mink Heminquiay = Mo as Hendnekson noms, is much harder to tat than he looks would have agree
Fm sure a just Hendrikaon. In ct, though, this book would have been astnlehing without i

57. Essential tip:

58. PAPER Renee an
so Eng ‘ou ar going to red our eves of» book abo ap Fo auto 37-40

On The Map by Simon Garfield

Four reviews of Simon Garfield's book about the long and varied history of map-making.

A

On The Mepottersweronoloyicl history olas, les, chart and lobes rom Ancient Esyptto contemporary
‘ital ertograhy. and along the way provides a weath of facts end anecdote, all olvered wet to expansiva
Hi ole exar sry sr, Sion Sarfeldairowtedgen Po neers canagraahe: or a proeza!
storia but ie painstaking ranarch and annem more than compensate for any omisions nor is vary
Tine on maps of Asi, lor sample» 0, ort ack of a ngorous guiding principio ofthe Kind expected in books
‘sth mora academic pretensions, Gartl, justly, ae enthralled bythe Beau, fan actually erronaous
Urawingsof the dont pat as hc 1 by today's GPS, video game lancecapes and socia modi based graphics
[Given Gard: deserve intensity, seems parteulery range thatthe Back and ah map ilusion that

Pa
Aaron spon fe more reale. In tia ominontiy
‘tain of tought thas not rounded DH with à foseinating anacte or neal piece of earographie ui. The
font thot tne Book. which cover 3 I: ol ground la over 400 pages, lends to varier unpradieinbly or gloss over
{ora important subject, only ade o ks appeal forthe nonspacialt, Regain, Ihe vin! presentation of
‘ape too many compressed har to decipher images = ale lo match the andere ofthe tex. Alo, some of
Gaol’ observations on conjemporay sehlevemente in map-mvaking Ike GPS lose to ography, Mo
favigation and the suns of beng connected La Ihe worl around us seer over ential On tne whole,
Power. this es ie invoduction (othe subject

naps because Simon Garfio i journalist other than a historian, hie understanding ofthe average renders
readable history of map-making, Gere rarely offers

©

Simon Garfield clearly has a gi for digsing up inviguino facto and stoves, and this wide-ranging history
ff mapmaking, from Prem in Anciont Alexandria to the Interactive. egal Images of today, generausly
strated with welrchosen Ntorial ensures, e entertaining in many easpaca, he best chapters end 10 De
those bulk around controversies sel ust debate over Ihe muthenony ofa map claimed to depict sea voyages
a Ámerica by tha Norse hundrede of years bars Columbus, ut, overall seen fom a tex of ee focus
Hronizaly, for a book about maps, ie reader ell 100 easly gets lost nol the vivi deal and anecdotes. One le
ao dstrestad by soma werner plmsing and surpraiighy imprecis language. On the whole, however, the

o

Al surveys ar, by nature, selective, aná ls hardy suprising tata book suchas On The Map, which atemote
Fo cavor aver 2.00 years of map making in an accassibie way for renders who know te about he Hold, should
Are born touched on, Horder to acceptor rationalise 1 the apparent lack of guiding principle, besides that of
ramming in as many facinating foots as possible, and making ta for. Gorila Ras lent or comımunicting
3 ling detal or a curious tum of events ond he fe partculty song on coran periods of history. cui
Computer games shows an semirbly open-minded curios

59. Which reviewer

sai
rar ie À regarding sore E
40

60. Le

Have you got what it takes to be a top athlete?

Journalist Kate Carter res out somo advanced test fr sport people
‘at Loughborough University» Sport Seine Institute

storwas | dont do 20 well atthe whole body agit tos a
2 ighis at varying Paigh YoU have 10

Jo axinguis = Ma Dr Carter reassu

(etemin Tine, ogy, Body ma ar this mates les for endurance Inn for eter

a

insure ob st Loughbarough. University, which
ihers ttes on stets fom a range

You just pedal on a watonsry bike, then accelerate
mady for ten seconds, before tying to austaln
That power for 90 seconds Just? Ada In increasing

2 and fouls es H you ar cycling tough
la on a bike with wo a tyros ito a Pese.

EsT

o st in a device called a
ven à scan to examine bone density
Biere of my Internal Body fa, After th
fhe trés or the VO2 max tot, svi measure

‘As star to recover from this ina challenge, or
tome thats see 1 imagine future in which Bt
Bro seroened at bh 1 join a supar rend = ora Inst
faite traming programme. Dr Carer mentions the

& ]

An average woman has VO2 moxo tk Tnore are, of course, things the tests ca
inane an ele athlate ight be us high as 70 ma {Oe On, of cours, tings te tate cs

130.58) Mina an data that can be cord is very sel,
a be seein

nearing

a

red a huge a ‘sh

en Toone back determined fo conquer mat ik,

61. A The first ofthese uses» lage board flo bulbs
wenn ight up in a random sequence. You hit
Im Lo tn hen of, while imltancoush
$houting out the numbers that appear on small
ferent do batter then the average, which | pur
children

8 For li cutting edge equipment and carefully
signed accecemente, what Dr Carr is unabi
factors a pain tolerance, doing the taining day
in, day our and soit beet

Looking at someone's gannme to determine
whother hoy o suited to team sport or
ough spacial regimes fr the next decade?
ata vere som of tie reeearch I going,

Atar measuring my handgrip strength im
the longest half minute of my fe, I sounds

Essential tips

e hence

myself abot my height for yaars. Weight
zhough, i les Important than body composition

FF So much so thet hours Iter can stl fel the
ac aci, brought on bythe exttome pecaling.
burning in my legs. Sprntrs, cycle his
“hand to ba peroeming well an this or ere

ie | am doing thie, De Carter records my
dats, One of ho key indicators he explains 1
combination ofthe ratio of oxygen consumed
and carbon dioxide roducod. Won that ratio

62. PAPER Y Resungand
se of Ena fur people hough about runing your own recor ab

TERE Which person
Essential tips mm

à rere to a

1 eur tm ®
eine | ylves worin wi peopl ho have are? a

> prenne bei tt nia ==
ean ole tor tig à 5
thik he future of the musi industry une 5
«emphasis ne imporans of understanding consumir =
ee ke u rung mus with commercial =

63. What does ii

take to run a record label?

‘The internet and other developments in technology have had a major impact onthe musi industry.
What are the implications for those wanting o run their own record abel? Four people
‘who have et up small independent record labels share ther insight.

A Ben Wolf

is putting yourself in the position of the other
potion Involved and antipating tele Nocds or
What makes thom tik, Viny does 2 DJ want to
play a certain record? Who would sel or buy à
recor With cinta technology, estabishing an
independent abe! has become more manageable
‘The industry has a tondancy to Bornean the
‘whats egal row ls tt the sts of producing,
rad: sof you're sensile hart ess to lose
Sie dy To cer cal pol: you na
handle aveytting, and whle you need 2 balance
Between your professional ane your foi Me,
job 100 when necesearge

B Henry Sto

few of wom have become very popular and have
mere than pale back what we invested in ther,

ne dont play tho game of prediting which
re yl y or Hop in the maria, Our ocur 1
On working with ereaive, Maprng Songwriters or
mue ans, ond now o further to message. The
‘tually supportive flaionehip | have sth my

‘Sn ve bon gong or sone your but x

ds band in he studio. You have 10 be careful with
Burnout though. Fon often up at 700 am. and
sil omeiing beyond mg, but | sare that
‘teatro Without perspective and space, Your

© Kerry Murphy

A was 21 yrs ol, just out of llega, and with
ssralgtformard and lucrativa Pusinaasas 10 get
ime onda er gon o ge ay ales Bu, you
‘would cancer a partnership with somobocy who
has stenaths in areas whore you are weak, 2nd
en veres. That's worked for me, Alco, | wouldnt
to, and wre leaned not lo Msn Wa have
Sutsaureing works fine. Our primary concern now
ie snaking sve our eis re on

D Riz Amel

in two years’ time, let alone 20. The old school
‘ecard fal model has eon dying our for years,

And with ea and Income falling, se hey have
en vitally everywhere, the smarting to do a
to try to Break the mou, Boing» pioneer alnays
The lines Deere wat an Independent record
Inbel does and what the manager of musician
or band does will continue 10 br. Label ail

they hove tonded 10 stay away foe,
Bnew independent bel can work.

66. CRE > ows |

Essential tips

67. Qe

COMMUNITY AWARENESS

Essen

68. othe JET Program

69. Que

| paren ustenng > ‘White you listen you must complete both tasks

Essential tips nue

Beer E vres motivated by 9 high salary and prestige ‘Speaker 4
A A A sectors

Orion Dosen abot | Gantt be a big ect

Sonar

=]

2

2]

30

70. [Parcs speaking 1

Essential tips

ny how the propa appre to bo

how ire shopping

‘ype operon Why nat?

71. PAPER RSR 20 ur
Use of Engin

example
‘The world's oldest pots

One impo nw fhe pony found ia Xinorendong Cave is tht wes mc
7 Amok Bacon © anne

72. xamote[9 [HALO]

A computer called Baby

73. Overhearing mobile
phone conversations

74. xame:[ SISTED ON

so

75. re)
Us of en You ste going o

Australia’s lost giants
Thousands of yers ago, Australia ad large population of huge animals. What happaned o them?

‘Across Australia, sciontts have dicovered thousand of fois of ancient megafauns, huge animals that
fied 100.00 to 40500 yes ag, during the Pleistocene vr. The remains inclu those of gant snakes, huge
hoa reo ne ngs, hips like Deus and ax matr ong Ira, Thess animale
Wing 50 llogrammes or more. Wnat happened exactly? Given how math tak buen spied on the
Extinction of tho inoñaurs 8 mlon yours aga ity u yonder tat more hasnt been devoted to th fate ofthe
Proisceane magoteuna, creatures al were ih dram cally ange ang, for some ima, o extent wih numans.

What happened 10 Australia magafounn is one of the planes most baffing paleontological mysteries
Kangaroos = ardiy giants ~ are the Inge! indigenous land animals to have survives on he continent. À
years sentis Dame cimate change, Indeed, Australia has been dying oat for à milion year or mor,
End megalauna moro faced win a continent that sane iereasngly perched und denuded of Vegetation.
Paleontlomat tm Flannery suggests somawbt deren, tt rm wo aed onthe continent ound
150.00 years ago, used ie lo hut which led 10 Safrestition and a drama darurtian othe water cycle.
hate certain, Flaınery say, i tht someting dramate happened to Australes lage cretures — su
{now sbrupty 1 à matter of debate) _ round 28.000 years ago, singly soon aftr Ue Invasion of à 100!
‘Welding, inteligent predator There dose appear 1 be more thn more einen her.

Finnery advanced the Australian version of Martins "bio hypothesis’ in a book called The Future
Eaters He le pat forward an oven more amics tess tat human begs, general re prone 13 nur
onyatoma and destroying ar own futures Tw book proved My cor Sore ered is eal
the Aborigines, te frat Aut, who pride themssives on Wing in harmony with nature. Tw mare pie
it à speer tío in for example Sch kl aos have bon found nthe Amtes, Diner's no echan!
log Ir Aural One moti sa“ thie were a murder ONE ge post ne eae 7

htc et tar lng oh of rege ana ce sae

Although the dota currenty avalbio is limited and inconclusive, they would seem to be great value in
investigating ehathöppaned. The iria hypothe pts an aang pelo! hora Boing opi we
people involved could not uly scan wnat vas happening Yo thoi environment This brings us to toy. The
‘ay we've ived an ar ving is destroying our future Flannery Say. Yet we only gracualy Surin ou how

77. Does the printed newspaper have a future?

{As mare and more people use TV, the Internet and various forms of social media as sources of
news and information the fuere ofthe taciional newspaper la the subject of much
‘debate. Can the printed format survive? Four media analysts offer ¡mir thought

act dsen in recent years, and news organisations work nom ntligent wey = combining pri nd dg

operations an many altady do men the tutu of ewes on paper should be secure. The format nas à lot
Much reporting on TV lative and lacks Une bigger picture. The
har kay actor that tobe much air on tho eyes

Thar is somathing vory aa ying about turing 1

iow to read a atte tt esths your eye ew ling any People
‘sal have any great atachment 1a. or most unger peopl, printed newspapers make ite sense The enire
ontent af Aewapaper, and ka much more an be found on Ih waha the sama tle, Some paopia nave
Srecores the replacement of newspapers wi digital media for enerormetal rassons = levar newspapers
moon fower eos cut down but this 18 not areal asu 22 mast newspapers nowadays ro printed on 1
Papor. The Kay point at, vith Fay cecining readership. printed nawapapes raprasnt an incr
Situated busines modal which ie unkly ever 1 recve

e

In any otter form of modia. Thoso are a ino poine

rd Tn enon gd tat for
1 be of resto sent, accuracy

‘Tho printed nowepaperhas hada long fe: over 500 years since te invention oft printing pros. Fundamantalh
nation in a great variety of ‘detailed investigations can be found y
thor cig vie ay
ney are rend or not. Tha demise of à historically significant piece of
rebut D happen, whather ws ike or nt.

technology is hound to cause di

78. Which analyst

men ai nn ne et -
La a ii vit regarding he gua of aes -

ne tro he hore regarding ne longer al

79. tenn 110 ead a megas an in Ree ic

Kenya’s great wildlife - exploring two nature
reserves in east Africa

‘ested Now much aterton
Easually grazing vila we 10
Sirs cee. Biace ching are much more nervous a

‘Our guide Joseph mighty elephants tundling long the horizon, a 2

00% at the mouth. I tur en

Soo then Ve Alisa wore lr wide was milo Ti Second tal of ou ip wae a couple
Signe tone aca comes he back tio as ie way, In Lip, a Oi Pela Con
wer eae i. and the development of Len conne

on donor, & Pi eva

nora ne house wre Calum

a

Camp by Andy and Sonia. By camp you may read

ureoral touches. The only

i pectecdon, but true

day and by night, we anecunered or witnessing
Increigie beasts they are as hoy sauniered
cally through thee Kngden. Somewhat aay,

80. Zebra, large families of elaphant, no less than
the rains and they proved

‘As the sun dipped behing th is tthe en

but when we wer offered to chance to talk to
“They treated us 10 a demonstration: from tho
Saar ol single fotprnn o specially tained
crub, an exercise that has helped the tem

We steadily approsched, and as the animal

rey wo were lucky enough to see are part

Fates ve sow avon mor wile nee than in
the previous reve, more than making UD lo
the terupted sloop, Smathes of warthog were

‘explained that we would see much more than
fino: ether side ofthe ranweay gathered bra,
up o! gale and an ostrich bafore our very

Besides this income diversification, there sa
Svocrssolearpgn to demonstrate that grazing
le can regenerate grasslands and give back
1 the wide. Among the animal here ae four
tony seven remain northern white shino
Mie, They are In an enclosed reserve wit
‘det sy, har ors trimmed to Do lose

‘stay PAD y Renting ana Ur oF Ensen»

81. sorte oi hh peopl ah interpret his muse a
moy nb ol he si

82. Modern composers

A Mark-Anthony Turnage on Louis.
Andriessen

1 marvel at the xtreme individualism of Louis
‘anctessen. Every Umo you ear a pi
‘musts you know (3s by hi When Art
Composiban De Slag was struct
Simouh was minima msi, ag so much
it by Strvinak, whos probably my ial and
bold colours and harmonie language. He has
‘motors! depth and a sonas of magk that et
‘Sf modern muse leeks. À ig par of me regrets
‘Serthatming eur
Shed copy. Androseon' egos would ha
‘Sood for me because he 1 3 master of sueur
Spa planning wien 1 stugate wih He I one of
the fow composta working today whose

it survive, whereas. many of the current big
amas M sok without trace.

8 Michael Be

1 like soveral modern composers, but the one
Integy ts Hartson Br co su

y on Harrison Birtwistle

‘opera, The Second Me Kong, because Lear that
Horry moves ideas sound ike children being
Dick. "hy that passage upside-down, he would
35. A coñas of thea parmestas nat only the
picas, but even chamber works such sa Altal
Fragment and Secret Theatre Ulimataly, tho

‘wnat eannet quantity that Lars tne 08
ro Bouioz sak of hin: Where does À como
rom, the mse?

© Sally Beamish on Poter Maxwell Davies.

What love about Max is that he is constantly
prisa = trom tne itonso complexiy ol Eu
Songs For

of Farewe

Taverner was my fat introduction lot
‘discovered St Thomas Wake: the
{ughness of the musical language trove nto
felis! by fotos. nally met Max in person
Shen I folned the Scotia Chamber Orchestra 09
9 Vols player, und he was condvting | was on
the brink of faking the plunge ax a composer, and
edo wie me, ving me o
‘Unequal to the job and viished profoundly I had
immense amount, things | have never forgotten
His wort sl ehr me: every new pica brings
Fresh surprises and 1 ahsayz an interaction with
sky, Um Soli land whore ho ees.

D David Sawor on Benedict Mason

cit Mason's pieces always
tho tghrope between perfection and tat
They te fest, plovful and iieious, and us

Dance,
precia 88 ‘some

Siterenttempheoorsionted by 12 rem elek
track, Himorstosar Traverso la 12 minuto pico
osos on one note The serias of pices Music.
Concort Hal plays withthe acoustical prop
Of the. venues Tor which ay were writen
span evoking space and distance through
the enoreograpned movement ofthe mision:
inane around tho whole bling, while th
‘and uncompromising, but er

2 puch at te boundaries and

fies Yor th

86. rate

CITIZEN JOURNALISM

87. NN

Omas

88. PAPERS User ie ou Este you must complete bot ts

Dit aching on oh [TEE
E considera prvtage 2

90. ‘Teenagers and digital technology

2)... sra ol

Brenn valued D grades
apart © cop >

91. a your answers IN CAPTAL LETTERS on he separate answer het

Ssamole oN TTT TTT TTT

Animals that migrate

92. come 0 LLL EEC

Note taking

93. rome [D SISTED ON HAVING

Excermon

94. | 8 a Din you tink na best according othe es

Artificial reefs

Rocks under the sea attract ot of marine te. The best-known ofthese reos are he spectacular
‘oral eof, but artificial, man made reefs ac aso significant, az Stephen Harian reports

en the 160-metre tons Vandenberg was deliberately sunk in May 2009, it joined many other shipwrecks inthe
ui olMosco, oline cose of Flora in tie USA, People around the wor have long kw that shipwrecks
Ste prime fishing ste, and in modem Umee ree have been cromad out of al srt of object inclui ud
Fagor, ens tam coiogos and où ing rige

The process of how u marines hulk ke the Vandenberg becomes an underses garden is governed by
Variables such ae opto, water temperature, currents and the companion ofthe Saba But most aia oo
tract marine ie sna more or lass prediable saquanca of overt. First, tor currents deposit plarkton to
prone’ rehab feeding spt for smal sn which ten drain tigger proto tke ve fin tuna und shot.
Now come ie cresuresseokng protection {rom the ace’ etal apennoss - hole and covico duels ike
tects Opportunistic radars uch a eck an barracuda are aso quieto come, wating fr hei prey 1 show
mate. Inne maybe month maybe yours, maybe a decade. Anponring on the ocean moods = the
owt wl be encrusted vith sige, har an so carl, sponges wer ou of 50 le,

For decades, il und gas platforms inthe Gulf of Mexico have been prime sites for recreational fing, sinc
Ma species of fish See sheltr in (hei uncenwater structure, Michal Ali, the captain ot charter best
Called Onn tht totes fahormen and vives our to ngs of Port Aransas an area Diescehy sera from the oil
{hat spite It the Gif wher the Dosamaler Horizon eatasropne in 2010 - knome the atracos of eli rots
{or woter sports enthusiasts, andthe tv an Jobe thereby generate. He say: Creating habt i ain 10
cating oaves inthe desert A arc ool ea way of boosting the oceon' capac to create fish, 1 increase
the We of the Gul. Bieloglee suggest however tht aril rene my simply atact Ach rom natural reels
an become ling zones for certain Spies such a ed napper, on ofthe Gulfa most sought or game ch

When it comes to red snappers art! reas a hat: says James Cowan, a profesor of oceanography and
(Bas sciences A succeas i judged solely by an Icrenan In harvos, then aia out are prey suacossl
Suit thee suctures< usual deployed in shellow water 10 make therm more access o fishing = are
pulling Veh off natura rate frthar from the cows, oy may actual bo increasing the ovefching of Species
{hat ae already under sass”

‘Some artificial esta have become harar 10 navigation and a tole throat to the waters in whic they rest. The
{angor of polation i he ranson almost 70% ofthe Vandonterg S84 lion sinking budget went 10 Sean
‘tort, dingue removal of mare than ten ton of asbestos and moro thon 250,000 mates uf alecrica wire
‘And for every metre of wire there wes a metro of tod tape, since are recto must now be created in Stick,
{ovordance wih the US government National Arica Roo! Pan

Evan serupulousy planned wrecks can go very wreng. When the Spiegel Grove went dom in 2002, he ship
landed upside down with one comer of her stem on te bottom nd ar of her bow above tha waterline ready
to suo A a can opanor to unsuspecting velo using the marne sanclury I took à massive efoto gether
{vor on her sido and Rly undartaer, and A wasnt unt tree years later nat Hurieane Dene nally gave Bor
{he intended upright = and harness fo ae Pro.

The notorious Otome Tae Ref project of the Florida cous was ily thought tobe a good ea inthe carly

18704. awn van seneme that OLIS Hberate tha ation ils af upto two millon discado o create à
inv marine habitat Eu turned out tht volcaizod rubber I ciu a poor ase or coral growa an the
hund tres instead 6? helping to auge two adjecen natural rats, grind up smothering sn aching nto
thoi gie segantsms, When the bundle Broke agar. the tres washed up on beaches, The Ropet Osborne
‘Tee Ree ninos hs now given way ol expenaive remedy, the Osborne Reel Waste Tie Removal Project.

96. PAPER 1 Regan an
Use of eng au ae going ora four a dacuasion bout reaty TV. For

Reality TV

ty TV programmes such os Big Brother, Survivor and X Factor have come
o dominate the schedules of many television stations in the past decode,
Four social commentators oler their thoughts on the phenomenon.

a

‘The bottom line is thet reality TV programmes anract audiences ofall ages and types, Viewers warı 10 he
‘rs funess cari, for example: Creams tet portcular comoinations of people ave selected and placed In.
ina wating, and so ai TY ls nor ral, mins the pont, Audloneee know tht shows Ike Big Brother do
va copla eal ie, bun thay do offers oppomuniies to observe hove peop Ike de, or ot like Us,

and el vid enalungen. in those unusual aan the parisipante behaviour may at times be strange
onsiderod or over offensive, bu sociey i imperia and audiences know tis Poope generally waten realty
nome an lytical cial sprit aking judgements about what Amy See rar thon MY wanting Le

There are many different types of rely TV programmes, of course. Lota of thom focus obenschely on
pearance” consumerism ar celebrity status, and imply that anyone can become famous vriheut working
ard or dsploying à portar talon. Th concerns tat inpressionain viewers, taking what they soe o Do
foal fe, may obsord the message unr aly, uen te fact nat the narrate I MLD BD manipulated
E clovér programme makers Other programmes, however, are mor positive and even intrctve. Ore show
She's kitchen, offered jobless youngeers the chance lo (ain as chefs and lead a campaign o improve the
‘uty ef scho esis, Ihe programme vas a vaivebe larring experienc or audiencs and pariponts
nd even had an impact on government pay. More programmes ko Jm chen would be welcome, The
{ct i, however, nat ne quality as well as the shoot quantity of rely programmes shown on our television
‘trees volte market demand.

There seems to be o huge appetite for reality TY, and itis hard to argue with programme makers wo elim
hey ae jut preucing show Mar aucianens wa. The unfortunate ting 1 that mos! realty TV 4 of very post
“iy: Nor ont it undamentally dahones in pretending to show “realty” when in fact is a strange mir
eon and In distorted to sul foe programme mars requirements, but 30 on seis on mia
nd confit to erste weehement, sending à message that crudo, sal contre, ompty Neades behaviour 1 the
nore and tat cl 8 8 worthy aspation. Tore Ara few realy shows which purport o do 3006 By
‘showing us meting ve can Tear om, some insight perhaps into human beneviout, but avan in those coses
ri ara documenta format woul bo far ore informative ane testworhy than hese O48 bates
social experimeans

o

“The most interesting thing about ay TV hat i ot nt lat plis and porhapé what many beleve
‘Mabe, Typiealy, group a! people ara fmed in unusunl situations over peint time no realty for mast
Us, Occasionally some reality shan are suppoved L reveal smarting now about people hove thoy interac,
‘change or Goat utr a problem, for example > but such revelations snvriny turn out Da tery bar, What
fe sometimes forgoten tht uly TV à cheap means to emura thre ia ays Something on TY in th
at ol multiple channels and Zhou! programming Theft at fie the gaps dons no mean har audience
Sant however Infact, many resi Shows nave extremely low viewing igus, asl same TV sans, ke te
Mallon state broadeastar RA) have décide to move al rely shows fom tole schedule

js Te 5 PAPE Rec and Us of engin»

97. Which comment

98. rend» nonspaper atl Bso of at. ix paragraphe

from the psagraphe AG te ore

Studying art history

In many counties, doing a degree in he history of art
de Consieved something of minor choles Wale
to one would ony tht ati fascinan

Ihoraturs, history of art tends to exist on the margins
In most inverse, the preserve of few dedicated

Anais, à special unvorsty in tho UK tt focuses
rol onthe subject enpiing: History of otis more
ke of history, as well a

period, ws well as supplying
Fascinaüng protagonists.

=

So ite clearly a very interesting subit to
Bat wat can you do with A? History of at le

development of public culture. Our degree
Droducethe museum director of tho tuo; aha aye

=

Not everyone who ats a degros in history of at
5 ford ino tat word, however. Jerome Hosier
{or instance, now works for e iss management
oneutancy,¢e not dect vocational positon, he
Same, but history of et has ll been very benef

aht me tobe creative to research Morogh and

rage, things une and valve avery day it mf
41 A

pications from potential students

Who clearly have @ passion for art and art

Father than thor wh

qualfeatio

And what, in pu ving
sr for newcomers 16 Ihe subject as an

demie dssplina? Rebocen Murphy whe gradoted
from the Courtauld lost yor enjoyed avery minute

(TI

‘Ae you progres; she says, you cover llth dieron
tof theory. and ovary term you gel to
mt period. In the fst couple of years
a up this knowledge and thon in U
I more specialist
cquire a lot of knowledge about important subject,
Sone Good transerabieskils and a gost bunch of

99. again, then | ould hav Dean very well
But history of art led mo into writing, specifically
journalism, and echieving a good degree from &

however. about art of course, but i's by
o means confined 10 caring at paintings and

beter, you art win 3 laval cours ehe

yor who wid ha ray
bute they have à sold scademie grounding
in the sube, You dont get to ran 8 major

Gallary without» day known othe

F Another recent history of art gradust agree:

© Wet to lock for someone who shows a
doesn't mean they have to know reams about
‘ther asoplines bring something diferent and
eniven the discipline for everyone.

Em

100. DCR IN | You a0 00

Which perso!

101. Museum work

A

Melaie es ors as a miscum curaor in
Museums computer documentation miam, packing
tip an exhioion of local ust, dealing wi sory
ues or taking guide tours round the galeria
Wed be nice if could focos on tha natural Nito
collection. where {have real expertise, ans says "But
ite only small musour so | get oped ino all sore
ff things, We do tote of work wih local enleren and
Toe tae gelogy sin the rn Hei
wech. ‘pith zen wor for à low yan
taught me hn Yo communente wih groups, which
Serves me wall Bore: She let tosching after doing
Spartina museum studies couree and has been in
Dar current poe or four years now. She fel o eal
Shute tin te cree nat asset me
not ving in charge of aña? poopie, But I probably
Move tos bigger museum eventual

There’ no oon route nto teneis lo
assume and gaie, according to Angela Carla,
the had of development or à museum af culture in
the north of Spain, You figure things out as you go
along fe not lea, but nats how a? say? Angee
‘Lote of my colleagues have como to in an ad ho
vray through an ars degree, some voluntary work,
Maybe some marketing and then ito fundraising
She manages cum of two development offers and
fn auultan,overeaes a corporate patton’ scheme
Sponsorship for ochfokione throughout the yon
‘Nomvorangiscrucal:shesays Natjentwith parma
its good wo keep up with whats happening eisewhare,
Sho sayo the work i challenging with only ver
finale rewards ut ts for from dul. "For
people, the den of museum work SN conjures up
‘al world. she says. thoy only knew!

©

ict cee ote Roca te
Repti e Te a
in digital technology, À is a fost-moving fold. “That

D
Yosmin Kumar t a sculpture comenator. "Youve
RE moon i ts environment, the ameno 0 4, ond

oluntecing in mussume to get pracical experiance
but ame sige Ras a degree In ine art and an MA in
histori reacts conservation. She is naw one of four
permanent la whe restore objects and get thom
Syn el = were ll are oF tht. On the ho

29 re in demand. Fin Chen sway for savers! days
Srteacis in other countries” Vosmin feels Allied

despite the uninspiing pay calas 1 ie the chance
fo core more, ofcourse she saya. "But, he everyone
Mason

PngER 4 eng and us Engl >> ar

105. mece

THE INTERNET AND THE MUSIC INDUSTRY

106. tasas

107. Que
CORRE ‘White vou stan you must completo bot tasks.
au am we
poster —_ [28]
a =]
Ta]
Tas]
ras Mo

=

Is

13]

108. are 12 minuten

2 are ate you eon?

‘treme sort and wt tnd of parson might cho a do sports ke os

Pare 3 mines

ere ore seme advantages and deavantages 16 rating a ome and buying &

+ Do you tink thee toe much postr on eo Lo buy propery nowadays?

109. PAPER | ROXANE ANS > Par
of Eh For queso 1-8 vd the ext blow and deed

Example
on B impact © Gil D corn
The importance of a name

rou? A cart study by Dr Simon Laham rom ta of Melo and

va 8 reckoned € fred catermined
2 A rte 8 ais sora D a

110. somete [O] TTC LL Lb

A bird that can dance in time to music

111. 6

PAPER 1 Rescng aa >|
se of Eng
a

Examole 0} wlolrielolwlsfolel III LLL LLL

Manchester - city of many languages

nmasrr

non

112. PAPER 1 Reg and

‘Demat change the word given. You mu

Este NSTETED ON FAY —

seo

113. 6

PAPER Reading a
se oF Tg ‘our going to rea ng atin wi à payenlai desrbas cours
Tew it ann Row tobe comacon Fr qutelane 3-28 choose te sneer

~ Comedy and psychology

As an academic psychologist, Inne Petra has investigated and written about humour
‘With the sim of exploring comady from the porspecive ala comedia, he attended
2 comady course, as he describes hee

Eater this enr ia par tn comody course. The 8-trong lass included poople rom many dirt walks
a an vas tout hy Ryan, a professional tana up eomesion. Of al ofthe patents ik Fa probably
‘igged the most. Por ta lat vec Yon Ivo performed à mind taading show at en art festival yas
gina mane lo be a eomedy show = thought lwouls cut a commanding, mystrius figure onstage. but on
sy dat te aude Inet my rt joe, then caine ugh raughou al th roi het ware
‘meant to Lo soicus Thai, they were lighing a mo. Wel, sometimes thoy were, but most they wre
rth me. Sot was the audienee ‚ho told am funny, but | havn't always underetood why, or Row L cra
Sind contol the comic nomen, So joined th cours 0 inn. And although, se payehaloge Ive publshod
micos and books about humour, tiers was hardly a single joke in any of tom, sol Tle ike a beginner

um af your internal editor that makes you sy the right thing. Find your inver dit Remember how to be à
‘hil explained Ryan. Dany tobe clever. Don't ty to har fo be fanny. and knowing al about the theory
Sthumour i uly help yo much. dust mack around, Thats what peop want to ses on saga: So wid.
Byam would help us look up by saying tinge lo: Wander around talking Lo lers ln the room, Dut make
fire tat ya re te wrest status prton hare Noto be udn, found myelfeonversng wth others whit
fying prostrate on the oor,

Va say tot understanding the peycholegy of humour has actually helped a fo. I was only last year that |
‘Sumbled across ne Book Inside Jokes: Using Humor lo ReverseEngime the Mind, by Hurey, Dennett and
Adam. Ae | read the Introduction, couldnt nave grinneg much wider fF pu a coat hanger in my mouth,
Past afons to asplnin humour had never relly ut or me. For example, those theorists we Simply thought
thal humour wos a way ef exprosing anger or ol social conto, or of proving infact or ol stmalag others
Beam ie have oly sand so comio, pacs of mot ain notte mecanismos, Mee

Ths crux of hae thesis hat any sof retos intelligent eystem wll nee o corectits oven bugs Thnk of ein
{erm of th human mind running software 9 understand the rl sud i, Ant makes sense of thing tere
‘isk the camion ror wi De modo a Bugis wil have tobe debugged before long. Now if this was
{eulous or onorous, we'd be ess ince todo e However evolution has conspired to make Uh process tn,

ln more concrete terme, nes a joke cited in the book: Two ith are in a tank. Ono says 10 the other "Do you
now hose 1 diva ths thing? works on thu principe tho we have started o Imagine one tina that ne ton
{stn typical container people keep fan n= an jus in ano, the pune tele us that our fst assumption
‘in slong” the military venice Fo correct figuring out ts comraticon for bug), we are rewordes wih
ensure est, The joke won efficient way of sttating thie natural raneton, and comes Rave Became
‘port ining va mental funn Bone in Order to make vs laugh

‘So, wae Ryan right when he ed that knowing the theory af humour woulda’ help us that much aa stand up?
Fink he was, Se much of wit rate Gor group laugh over our sight rock of Me aiming melong around
tool Yr hats rg one che or of wre ad pr amps ar NE
zan and Careline sang gsrmest an alar side ol thw ng, spontaneously brought Henry to the Noor
She wo wrestled each other Ike Gutof control Wsnagers. The rest of na grunting In he audience, were
ID unzomraibie fits of super. As the moment was ca o the har, nd as a performer, | couldnt be an
‘dbsover Fl never aporeciat ust why seemed so lenny, But the point I, would noves Mowe ton MiS nto
erp I was a yout, found moment.

Test 6 PAPER Reg ane or En» 3

115. ol into Scand. For questions 37-40, choose from the contributions A-D. The

Reintroducing wolves into Scotland

Wolves ware last en in the wild in Scotland in the soventoonth century but in recent
times there hove been proposals to reintroduce the animal to more remote highland areas
‘of the county Four slentiste give their views on tha Is,

“Too des of wintraducing wolves into Scolend ro centuries after they were eradicated has a romantic app
nd fas ol entrodacion schemes in parts of ino USA Ike Montana suggest would happen hwy reduced
Fed er number and conscauery stimulated grater Broderie would be very positive. This potential
Weigel benefit undeninle ut comparisons with tha USA ara decopuve, Scotland e small county and
keasing wolves say rom ia many Twestoce farms would be dificult. Scotland aleo has limited economic
dardos and the funds required to itrogues and manege packs of woltes would be fer bar spont on
Malin and uniarcing native species already present in she county. The Tew opinion pals nat have been
ed out en he subject ovoal that most Settan peopl, we ateacted bythe Wea of welves Im her mid
‘amoining wilderness eras, mansion the sone in pursing te dan nthe forascoable future

8

Scientists lergely agree about reintreducing wolves ito wilderness areas: by preying on deer snd other
Vegetation doré animals, oven help create condtions for voraus ‘199 and plant species to prope.
The vis and compensetng farmers for any ivestock Kite can be ost by grow in avenue from touren
ti vistors ara oitacoe by the opportunity to observe wolves in ot ould habit. The facts, however, that
Sect I not tend for wolves 11 a elatvey small county wah many sheep formers horelic by te idos
Tin he locks couté be vulnrable o wolf attacks. The Seotich counryside is alo haw used Dy ecresional
Wales. clmbers and fing enthusiast, most of whom would surely Toe! uncomfortable a the thought of

e

Sata many amet rg nu lod der uc ove ga un present na ete a cor
Diane hom growing. Each yor Many dee have tobe lso, but We Vos resetvodvci would Keep he dec:
Population down natural” acing to Feforsttion and gröater biodiversity. Vio know this because of wot
nec programmes ithe USA. Compara sures suggest tht slo schemes would bo einem
fie part of Seo and. Monitoring wolf packs to arse they were rota feat to farms and the ganeral
public woul, ofcourse, regule funding, but there would almost certainly bea ie In tourism in areas with
Roues which would probably mann a net economie gain. Reelsicaly, m will ot 509 wolves reintroduced nt
‘Soon any sme scbn, Impuly because of oppostion from thu powerful Scotch farming lobby. but Surveys
Hate mao of Scottah liza would actualy bein fovour

‘Soult restore the envenment lo some orginal, ideal condition. The fact I, howovar, that here have beet no
So in Sound for 300 Yours an la thos tims, the county’ eooeystan ha bon transformed. To Introduce
MS tata efctvoh meen bringing In an alien species. I says dun to kaow preceiy what Impact
any pats the world huge damage hes been cauead, it considerable economie consequences. Why KO
We fn Seotland wero the farming sector ls going through hard timos a 97 woule bo far more senaible
Focus on toting o Species we already have than To get involved in an Overmbilous project involving à
polentaliy dangerous, though glamorous, animal

116. Which weiter

ia vine eo ui ss =
ato ifort ie from the ihre spe wi

117. PER Reading ana
sz End

A giant tree

Sequoia National Park in southern California In the USA isthe home o some
ofthe largest rome nh wort.

On a gente sloos in Sequoia National Park, aver 2000
mote above es level oom avery big re. es trunk
mary veo, thickened with devo layers of ark, and
825 memes in diameter athe bese. has a name, The
Prost bento about 90 years ago ay admires,
This gant quota 8 one ol several surviving species
St redwoods eco msnm by stent Steve Silat
St Humboldt Stats Unversity ant his colleague has

nowt sn non al big wees thet hove over bean
@| —
Trees grow tall and wide-tonped as 0 means of

Competing with ether tees racing upward. reaching
fcutwerd for sunlight and water And toe doesnt
Sop geting larger a land mammal dose, or aie

pel 1

ithe threats that cua Nove kiled nam. They're too
Strong to be knock! aver by wind, Thor hosrtrood
End bere aro ind wath acids and other Chemicals
{hat protect apar fungal rot Wood: boning Insecta
haraly bar rem Thee tick bark amo rnit.

=

[Another factor thst can and the von of big toos, of
Course, is logging. Many giant ssquolos foto the

entries, But the wood ofthe ld giant was o brite
{har trons often shaterad von they ht te ground
and what remained had ie valve. a¢ tmbor Tor
Construction work t want into fonee pasts, sakes Lo

Among the skin discoveries made by Sit’ team
ds ivan tne rate of growth of big eo, na ust ts
height or total volume, can increase during cid ago
Ra ele monster Ike The President actually aya
dou more new wood por year than 2 robust young

ne pus het wood aroun the nk. min grows
Sidon imo te tna andthe broncos, which
ssl a

They were given National Park Service permission
fhe Redwoods and Climate Change Initiative. Sil
group put a line over Tho Preset crown, igg0d

Lil

Test») PAPER À Rng ane ur of Engin» m

|

118. teren heights ims and branches hay
‘models informed by additional date from 0

1. Ground fires, infect are 9004 for sequote
‘usally does kill them. So they grow older and
biggor nero the milena

That's the remarkable thing, Silt tod me

and fotis ci by continually adding more

Thing count omg hi remise in
inthe latter years of a tros life. That premise
may hold ue lor some ree, but nt for
nain. Silt an is too have sisproved

Given the its of dealing with sie mare
hardly worth cutting. Sequoia National Park was

Siles team has survoyed quite a few. Rizr
feta oso tale

blasted by igitning, ses to 75 mnt. four
great ibe, Dach 28 ig 6 0 sgeabe tro, elbow
Sutward from the trunk around hallway up
weary two lion leaves,

119. HERE Which scientist

rite oat of imagination? fest

120. Being inspired to take up science

À Dominique Laver
A a chi to me was tna
things out for myself through ‘experimentation
nd onservatan. One of the most king tinge
bout scence at school, however, was havin
Suspend my divo ciencias ne trapo
me and my trond trom the averyday worl
works ion, yal one thet coulé help explain
y tings ave ts they ara. Thora mental
lo) 10 mo te, aro ha school u
as a vet, but, after a few years, | felt compelled
fo investigate the diferentes
not without certain reservation

Sopeal of what currenty doe the 10a sec
‘of scientiaty collectively Ibouring 9 pr

an ever Beller understanding of how Une world
‘works file ma wth aw and epi,

E Graham Sterne

tada he wand pees choy and

‘ology nd immediatly found thee Tocina
Uvas parure filed with amazement a th

Mire came rom,
lear that, encouragod by a cher who Sa
Something in me was sel on going to unver
‘anytime soon, | faced cons suspicion und
taught as act, and although forged à suceeset
carter working in tho phermaceute

Fons your before something. fu

became

© Omar Said

1 grew up in a time when the promise of science

and technology was dificult to void. offered a

Vis general sense of oplimism soem 10 hove
a, ad tutors ha rated me ns though
Poould hake ‘sense of everyhing they, knee
There wan navar any sass of being talked dou
to, for which | am very gate, Tae one ting |
‘egret was that precie exparimentation seldom
festrec, eeraiy ot school. I may have bean
on of resources, but in my own

Stefan Helder

1 ook sciences a uso 1 excalied
have trod up doing can now see that | war
eye à systemisar loved spring down my
making things. But | did badly at school, ~ to
for years. Yet | ahways fot could do more with my
Ite han the uneenventions series 103 found
by onto à PAD in
radology, aná realy Degan 10
(grasp wet sienee Could De. Looking back 1 eel
st the spur for me going
some inspirational eduestor =i only it had been,
my route would have bea tour = oF TY

120 Test 6 ABER + Rea ana Use of rain >

124. cr PU cl

THE FAIR TRADE MOVEMENT

126. [pares serios >

reas

Vito you te you must compte bo ass

quesiona 21-25, hou fon the it A HI mat oh

Blof he myeacarin Seater 1 TA
D hs rav us of language Spestora | Tas
E ose rele the sua spusters [25]
A secondary too! tach

rman spsstor | IE
Gen spester2 [Tam]
D. acseunen (ES
E autho pantera TES]
E orar cine Soesters [130

127. at pe of mote de you the bes? Wy?

Part a(S minute

sos 127)

128. 7

PAPER Reig a eve
Use Engh For mains 18 rod the ox bsos a

Oo À de 8 moi 6 to conti

Pop music - how does it make you feel?

1A promos © be © outooks
5 A Grow © Primo D Widely

129. COTON

Esampi [0]

The sound of babies crying

130. PAPER Reon a
Use or Era

eur

131. PAPER Renna ano *
se Eng For questions 28-30 complete the second semence so hat has o simil masninn
{ie Det tre and a words, nudo tw word gn, Har an amp LOL.

‘ample: 0] HESTED ON HAVING

ote wok A

132. PAPER Y Rod and |
se 01 Engin ‘You ar going ore an rl about muse and matt. For queno 3-38

hoot the answer iA, Bo) which yu ink Ft be sorgo ot

Maths and music

‘Mathematician Tim Gowers i lso kean musician

Tm party referring here tothe ‘Mozart ee, wher children who have boon played Mozart compositions ao
Lapbocodty more meligont lacus at mathematics, than aer Suchen. His not hard o seo why such a
Icon would be popular: we would all ike 1 become better at maths without puting in any effort But o actu
Conclsons of he oxperiment that original prompt the bell in the Mozart effect wer much more modest
nd remain gros exaggerate you mn your rain KO work beet thon you clearly have to putin had grat

But what about learning 10 play the piano? That take effort. Could the cowards for that pil over into other
‘ions of iatllocial Mo? ls tere any evidence thet people who have worked are at muslo ae ber at athe
than paople wo ove unmusiel? And conversely, ace mathematicians objectively betr than overage at music?

First. hore are plenty ol innumarate musicians and tone dest mathematicians, so the best one could hone
{o identify would be à sigaifionnt positive correlation between aptitudes. Than one would y o stalish a
$otsteal conmacion. So, you want to show hat profesional mathamatzians ar on average beter at muse
itn eier people you have to decide quite Carfuly who those ‘eter people are. You might oxo that à
profesional mathomalcian a much more ily thon average to come from a family schnee music vas ragardad
two. Therefore. not much wil be proved You compare professional mathematicians tn he wider population

‘ut surely connection isa least plausible. Seth mathematics and music del with abstract structure, ol
You become gcd at ono, hen tis plaie that you become Good at something more general = handing
Abstract structures vat has you wih te other i this corr, than Would Show a connection Erwan
‘mathematical and musical ay, though not a mysterious one would be mare ka The Connect batman
Sites at football ond tennis To Docome ter at one of those you need lo improve your ness and
‘Bordinaion. That mates you haar at spor and probably helps withthe other.

Of course, abstract structures are ot confine to mathematics and muni. f you ae earning ereign language
‘hon you need to understand Re grammar und syriax, prima wxnmples of abetos structures, Yet we don hear
opie asking about a mysterious cunnacton baten mathematics! and linguate ability. My guess 1 hi 6
Because grammer flo mathematial, o it would hardy be aurrsing to lear that mathomatiiens were better
{hon average tierna grammar. Must y Cortes strongly ted up wth emotions and ca be enjoyed even
by people who know vey ila bau Aw such, seems very diront from matherates, so any connection
Daseraen the to 6 appeatingly paradocs

To disnl this air of paradox, lets look at how we solve problems ofthe ‘Ais to Bs € i tO’ kind. Those
near inteligenes esa (ca 110 garages art Lo wnat?) ut they re alo central o bath muse and
Mathematics. Consider for instance, te opening of Morar Eine Alan Nachtmusix no Second phase à
car answer tothe frst Th ltanor thinks: The fist plas goes broodly upwards und uses the notes of à
& Mer char? what sould ba the corresponding phrase that goes broadly doumuarde and uses tho notes of
307% Muse ful of itl puedes lw Une, you are gond ot them, when you sten to music, expectations

Si constant be set up in your mind. Somo of tha bos moments in musi come when one's expectations sre
‘onfourded, but we eed te expectations inte rar plac
ra est?» PAPER À Reg and Le ng

134. Teenagers: A Natural History by David Bainbridge

We a go through adolescence, Four reviowers share their thoughts about selntst David Boinbridge’s
"book exploring what goes on his important stage of ur lives, and why Re a

body exposed to teenagers ain gy an lain rei on obvious appeal in
of tha Behar Te ay vis Banbridge’ language nalnroverJschicl
entrados to th rain Coser epection, however Ines misiva. Sanoridgo aces
{he roots of nec modem tere behavior o loge ane pay developments thousands of veus go.
The nation tat speculation abe ou stan’ origi En prose newer o questions about personal Gevsopment
13 sci relations today to spate. Bang mises the no Wat to teenager Isa modo social
‘Phenomenon ul some matiz 10 infuercss that have ratée adolescent exparence over eco decades
‘outa be far more Tull han trying o exon peop in tem of pre ito Ie. Popular poyaaloy can Di very
‘Wort, bur the book tls ls Shout how 1 se young peop or deal wi dew dran

Humans take much longer to mature {han any other animal, und David Bainbridge suggnar this may be à
‘rus diinguishing foture Because gives our brains time to develop, Tis inirguing dea, togeter wth
ans ol on playa rm ay changes we go hasan, crated eth
ce of teenagers today The ploustty af various nations
once. Thorn is no attempt eiher to engage with the browser
within which (oonagere govelop:alvays crucial, surly Dese such
nial and pysioloaial changes adolescents go through should

16 rospond a thar monde ane apparantly chi behaviour

feservatons he insights pro

e
iy wil the av out of bed ot uo otek in the afternoon? David Benbridge
‘lets no-nsnawnse biological explananons 10 questions Such ae these: the table Wangle of lam, is

taking and m Inthe adoleccert brain. What e more, Bag Grau
‘on amthropology and paychology to show Row many ofthe changes adolescent buis and brains go though
‘rs the remate) development Somewhere between 800,000 and thre mii years age. although Bainoidge
an sometimes be itatingly informal the subject ie ná Goes age need any ring up or
‘Gumbing down heso exlanatons are coherent and persuasivo. Where the book does fal down 1 alure Lo
Explore the external context win whieh modern managers move from cha 13 adulthood. Re ang.

fc Yor example, onthe impact on fomagers of new mol such as computer gamas and the interne

Dov Banbrge beaves tha entend olscanc in humans may have been the spur 250,000 year 200 tothe
fra page in Ds expan Iman bain desc ge ut tee oom sd inefeaso our brain power. TS
{nsihating ide, together tn competing opt aheu Rawr we can race many ofa rnsformations phys
‘and pay ht mar menage go GUN back 1 human development pro history, ae al ler in
ini arming and inline prose. a some vaya, le reaseunng fo find out hat ran pater of bho ate
rely hacked in teenagers roce than Goten by te way tay are bug up, te elos th av
toh the people rau them and sa on. Anyone who hss wiinessed how daisy young people can change
efter adolescence wl appreciate how cománcing th tea se worried paren should Ind comior and
naprain in Banbridge ental emo that supporting en a nager fata ro ray fr.

135. Which reviews

31

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136. ve

PAPER 4 Rosa and
se or engi Yo ar going 10 ren a ma

Observing how wild chimpanzees behave

Joshu Foe visite» projec in Congo in Africa where scientist can observe the
‘behaviour of chimpanzees and other rest apos which have had te or na contact with humans

Dave Morgan and Crckete Dinahs beta
Be in the Govolougo Triangle, à remote jungle uu and a h

ect ‘Wingtote rg

Eventually, we spot a half dozen chimps lounging in 10 straighten out the
tree about 40 mentos up. This community Is well the came hol, Pul

Jan and Sane, who have aven memec bugs tat ling o
Mo watch throug oo |

The Gouslougo is probably the only pinos on ont
À ever have the chance to soe whet

2 =

1S aly, ab servations
“The tmumping echoes off the surrounding res. Then ine ko ie because of humans”

The ips a amall wig ff à nearby branes, ip

ihetive, and awit around She pula tout. realizes and ofen atoces by logging and huma,

pounding some more. Alter repeating Ihe process [El |
crackandyanis ot» Bd hong which goss right y

now that even sctecive logging and casual

in her mouth aren san tow hump. sey Io gary i
(Bl
“Te fact that this behavior hast bon mare at ener opportune fr young, sms 6

has been car ‘ar Of whet makes may app dd

137. This a powerful and troubling notion: what it
Sci boon studying behavior distoied bythe

(deicacy in his presence, He Junges at Dinah, who

REES i
rec tc

dozen edible species, ranging ram pumpkin
Shee Trecueafican La rubbar so bare
{hrysophyl lecouriana, that makes In

aw
Eibar chimp figured outa way to do even

Bett Morgan and Sons have homesivos tried
wath both modified and unmadiind

sticks and found that they collected ten times
Noticing a cloud of bees emerging from a hole
‘ear the main crunk ofthe tre, Dinah leaps to.

‘mound a Kilometre mile away records another
nonhuman animal 2

PAPER Rezo an Ue oF an») Pa

at 20 remarkable about this isnot jas that

138. 7

PAPER Resang 200
Us of Era

yes

ET
BT
[ei
ET
ol
(a

ss]

139. Student nurses

Four student nurses talk about courses they have done online as par of ther degree

Alicia Denby

min sho second your of my nursing course
and | recently took à module Elles Leadership
in Heottnoa. * ver all dene online, 20 an
ominora and work plocements. I was oduood
Asa init oporatonsive about 0 the dos
ff leadorsip ssemad moro or pacnle already in
postions of sesparsihliy ane autor. thor
fins bch provided aie ran the ohlionging
feuding? and rogulathy eschanging ideas, via
Seran digital medi, wih aller participants
Hesme sway fealing much better equipee for
mo an idea lor solvig à tel róblor in the ward

Maria dos Santos

Profesión = wy they occur and wha srtegis
Ean be eunployes to avoid them. Imprassively; the
‘module manages to achieve fs simo, resly does
tht eaye on tho Un] What | found parley
helpful wastheunderstening brought about tat
ie mistakes may De made by individuals, only
here they are less Kay to happen. 16 precia
his srvstoament that nasesstatee the number
91 policies and procedures mat abound nthe
Sf dreaded paperwork ve have to aoa! with à
ad hat res comprehended belote. Now
Svéruhelmod a rt by ho penta For pr

10 are in heulen, But by the ond. of the
sourse | fot reassured that eyetms are in pace

© Maya Farsani

eee des pu
‘acknowledged as standard across the clinical

D Krystyna Blazok

{m coming 1 the end of my degree now and |
ink wnat | da on the module Guam Control
in Heaeare should prove very tul when
But down to flor oft ayer 28 9 hoe
This does mean you can just pass tho buck
and ignore erors, bu a a young ares you haw
‘olnarsbls propi ol ele g I your hana
tis good lo row thal youre natn your 6
[Roar from this | think the cours e alo relevant
because A shove you the importance of tinting
‘ut ofthe box an not Becoming nerd into
Baling ere is nly one way to do something,

143. Omaz

THE MYERS-BRIGGS TYPE INDICATOR

144. PAPER 5 UST

145. Oman

task one

20

22]

2]

“ a]

ain =]

er IE]

22

=]

=]

© thes feng | ot

146. + What ould your ideo VE?

Candidate. de you tik thse ar a naar part men e Wy no?

{edo seen of eu ob wll and whether man or woman ar beter suited

(Concise A do you ink society ms changed enough o sept man ana women

ere ae sone things graduates can dt improve thei employability nd 9

147. © A hang e MD in
ofa 2. »
Do we really want variety in life?

148. example: aros TTT TTI ELL

Internships

149. Ioltlolsialug LEE ECO)

Environmental psychology

150. PAPER 1 Renting and
Use of Eng Fer question 25-2, enc 0 tit or ean

sample: [O] NSISTED ON HAVING J

26 elite Stove org to an he mus char

151. outta iste For questions 31-26, che the answer A,B. © or DI wich yo
FEE ink your anno on the separate answer ss.

Review of The Shallows by Nicholas Carr

Internet use may be changing our brains for good: but ie this al bad?
David Cox reviews Nichotes Carr investigation of how the internet à affecting us.

ln (mir oniy days, as they cholonges the established mediur of communication, newspapers, cinema and
thomdcosting, ie writing, Loris ane printing before them, sl provoked agus. Would the upatar medium
replace what ves good with what vee Dd? Tha ntamat wae sound o ignite the some king of sequie. has
Inden. yet according to Nichole Cain Mis intiguing and controversial book Tho Shall tis not the change
in whst our mines eonsurne that should most bether u. he chango tot Doing wrought upon Our bea

He tls us he can no longer read book without geting fidgety and losing the thread. Constant searching
And suring online have made him expact scurning steam of partio and tis means that In only way ho
absorbs information sin quick, small doses. The Internet os roll done his heed in and, what ls moro, his
fronds oar they have the same syndrome,

Carr describes research which suggest this is no more metaphor. Studies show tat web use alter rain cell,
resting nem neural pathways and weakening old ones. The rain of a newcomer tothe Internet tai tewiing
Heat afer jos six cays of sting tne web, Because of tia, according to Cart ovr powers of concentaton are
Sopla. ‘As we como fo rly on computers to mediate our understanding ol the worl: ha wees, I OU
‘oun inteligance that atone ito ries tigre

His accounts plausible but far ram surprising. Our grey matter constantly eshopes sein Im Ice of changing
demand an ercumstances. About 2.00 yeare age th Greek phlosopher Socrates feared nat the spend of
‘rang would change the may bree worked by focusing them on outer Symbol (words welten down rather
Tham nner recolectan tin the mina), rau) undermine mamar and valise thought, Ineroby Jeoparlsing
dom and happiness There wus probly some ath in what he aa. Once people could jo down »laudiy
Ni say. tne relevant socions of tir brains doustess Yovommicioned redundant storage copaciy. At the
tame tm however, they learn to process a much richer body of ta

Carr acknowledges that the reshsoivg of our brain by digital media sin some ways improving therm He accepts
that they ar growing beer at focusing tention, nalysing deta, mult-tesking end Making instant decisions
Yet tor hin ese nes come 3100 high à pred: the ality o an patiently 1 longthy narratives and arg
arguments I very mue more valuable Movie his lai dableable, to say the Teast

Instead of reading the 288 pagas in which Car sets out hie ease, you could prety much get his pint by looking
atone ofthe many sunvraing naa ie thi ne, or indesd ran to bo fon in varias locations on the
inet. Thi enol In say that Carrs Book Poor stan or uninteresting ~ fr om = but if you take tis
{ures you wil be aba 1 use he timo saved Lo absorb the get 07a at of har ies 08 well s io. Tie mig
‘va bs the more productive option,

People used o sul three volume novels lorgly Because thee rat much als to do. I our brains, through
Inter u, oe now being programmed tara! bn salas Broadly eather han aarowly pum the Wp
te may and up, on balance, betr olf sve do not in dun cours un shall doubilese notes, because we tend
1 nal ¡hee things, and medial uc willbe avalabe. An organ tat ae managed to Unravel centuries of
Conditioning ng mer sx days ugh o be able to reverse tho eat. Ether way Ka be Upto us.

(Cats nunehline I: We are welcoming the ferzidness into cur sola: Exacty. We are welcoming it jus
8 we oolsomed the ality to readin pla ofthe damage i would nlc on out mamaris. Now our brain
Ste adapting once sgut o our new-found Gestes, We oureclves, not our media, are determining the Kind of

Test 8 PAPER A Reading and se of Engin >> Pac's 151

153. PAPER) Red and
ce of Eng Yuan

Should university education be free of charge?

In most counties, students have to pay los o study at university but here ae some countries
here the state guarantoos a fre higher education to al etizens with appropriate quliictions.
"Should free univerty education be a universal ight? Four students give thei views.

A
people, respective of beceground, the opportunity to gain the knowledge, sills and qualifestions thet countries
Feet elisa to haved they are ta compete the rx global econo. amables alas feat Lo break out
ofthe clos hoy aro bom into, and kop cio dynam ad ospirtoral The state funding that allows ee secos
¿lso ls unverites focus on what hay de bes. esearch and teaching, ath than adminitoing teo payment and
Scorching for private sponsorship. Ces tat governments are no longer ale to pay fr rea higher eaueston
Because of compoting demands on public inances convenient ignore the fact that unveriies ae re in come
acceso courses Any government wt he wil odo so = and surveys suggest they would be supported bythe
‘iar op = could shit pending vay from unproduc sectors like Gefen andino higher education

“Ther is lit doubt tot degree programmes benefit from the level of state funding that is necessary to make
hr education free foral Where uneraies ae largely sl! Ananeing, mordinaL ime, energy and talons
invsted in atracung es paying students and encorch supporting corporate investor, The fact hala number
fof countineeround the world offer frs university education of a vary high standard proves thet if ail a
lable proposition, but it would undoubted ba dll or a county o change lo uch system. Fran high
Suela lima pad or by anos, and, in this day and age, taxpayers are General umwiling to pay
more, particular 1 1 10 enable young people, mostly from well-off Backgreungs, 10 aust for cra
‘employment, The ides that rec Nha caution bones anyone spar om nose vo would stend os paying
gree courses anyway is largely Musory

©
State-fundad, fee university eduction sa fin den In principe. Besides giving al individuals the opportunity
fo income more knowledgeable an cultured, also trees universes from the mossy, dstacting business of
having 10 find ways to nance thelr work and allows them te focus on enhancing the student experience and
Carrying out research. Tho fealty, however ls hat the cost of paying for iger education is runously high or
the bate, Puale sector debt in many countries e astronomial and govarnmnents have no choice but o priori
Spending, Unfortunately, higher education comes low down on the sto priorities, Also the evidence suggests
iia pop who want to go Lo unver wil generally ind a ay to nana thamaatuns whatevr ir la or
background. Fos-paying does not particulary encourage underprivicgod youngstrs ino higher education but
naher does foo university access,

o
in most modern economies, fro university educations allusion. Governments find hard t provide adequate
funds fr heat, le alone o non essential service lke rivers, and ying Lo convince people thay souls
pay more taxes to Bunce university student doomed la aie, Sites and university-dueated eins, but
rates ean afford to pay for thefmsiven either up front because of femly background or retrospectively by
Paving off loans as paying makes no subsiatal franc to the number of people attending univers, cn
the ures suggest that noopie fom particular socio economic backgrounds aro nother put ft university by
having te psy fr nor motvatedto attend by having free aceass In a counties whore university fau Rave
recent boon introduced, tha impact on universities themselves has boon string, Foe of stat inlenos hy

Testa >> PAPER Resina na Ue of gen » 13

154. El]
cnr edt >
yO alo ua unio u

155. Emotional intelligence: thinking and

feeling

Psychologie

difficulties, 5

Ihe chances are you're caliag on your
emotional imligonce JE lee than You mnt Me,

Secording to resonrchvtich shows that the art
of identiying, understanding and managing. yo
Scetipmtional paychologista led by John Cooper studica
12.00 varier, maty fom she UK manager
opulation between 2001 and 2010, and found at
cpped sherply between 2008 and 2010 during à
banking ents and recession.

fe

Tie ti Wg ia iad
Psychology in 1960, and although several ira
Interpretations have developed Ence than iti
relatively new ‘eid Coo Y esco i
as an ‘innate human vibe iors
And usnd val, ean hip un manngn our hinkina and
{ealing o improve our behaviour and relationship,

MT ]

Emotional inteligence is divided into two main ares
These, in turn, oro spit into 16 measurable scales
cling Sl rgard and roger Yor ites, so
reliance exi trust end emotional expression.

BL

Messuring emotional intligenco can siso identiy
tens of development for employess in apacifs

say "emotional inteligencs”
‘behaviour at work and in our personal ives. il Insley report.

at work

‘can help manage our thinking and improve

lo can help determine whothor you need extra
sector. Soltumployad people seure higher than any
‘thor orsupallona grovp, possibly because there ie

Tha study found that senior managers and doctors

end to score highly in al aapoct, but espovoly
in sl bolo, emotional resilience, postive ou
going ster goss confit handling ardindepende

colleague sbout the Performance
responsible for win tho words, think Ivo put him
à he is vary good, but

050 This showed

The consequence of his appnars 10 ba that employees
cl Ec compatent and significar, and the business
implicaion to be drawn from this would seem to
De tat unie personal ‘ind 10, emotional

co can be changed and developed, whch,

156. rom the incorporation of emotional intelligence
inne management methode, Tnining to this end

Results fr ther work sector also proved
interesting People wih jabs in healthy, fo
‘gare, wh may rel in them puting the
sector scored strongly on set assurudnoss,
being easy pu of and Being able to comnact

© ‘ne lton the mind to a high-performance

‘not fied and ean be enhanced. In order to do
ig, however, you need Yo know hat your El

Using these oego ay come up ith
(zu which eeom to confirm some commeniy
held presumpiions Far instan, we here is no
signiicon difference between men and women in
Sal stcem and higher valuaton of others Also,
joe dependent on, but more using of etre.

an example of his, six managers wore asked
ny a porcular problem hae emerged in tho
business. After hu fst parson had outined

rt ha thought the problem was, the directo
Shoutod. So you ve been ying ta me fr a yan

The likelihood is that when facing uncartinty
‘survival mode to ty to protec wha thoy
Have. Moonen, this can make things worse 08
workers become lose adoptivo and responsive
To change, and may miss busines or personal

157. PREV

PAPER Resa a
sg of En

crime writer is described as

loco sw li ah cine nov a

nal peines to gend ter? Cal

game te explore ide sc sss? 5]

ng ua ig hrsg hir [Emm]
ar [BET]

eines a coran oi [5]

—

158. Critics’ choice of crime writers

A Peter Temple

y sua Pr em
hhorse-racing. Then suddeniy, with Tho Broken
Shore he hit something que dicen and moved
sp several notches: Since then ha has boon wing
the kind of novela many sulhas spend etme
rie ton that star wi
Trova the Swedish autors S
10 War Melvonney i

1 pues. Crime fon with thor is
the’ story its aio a venia for saying someth
hth contents sin whi th eon bpp

er He comes Gut of ling of faut ough

and ov

B Liza Cody

There is alot of good, slick writing out thors that
me off because uni. ie mo, you ook
tind wo possess wiingnosn toate hard work
Blair nt the algu of emotional ie, Les
ody la IMG to sppaal Sho dosen Just do th
‘ay hing to be recat in tho market; she
(Joos where the story and her nasty take har. For,
Rrtance, she hod to ga publish one Book, Balog of
5 Dent Nobody, because no one the industry vs
‘ting to She fod a suceossut eres wih pv
Gye called Anna: Les ut she branched out and
3% some ummual books about a woman west
‘ose days, gon writor are told 19 cree brand
ore sores, a recognisable hook. Cady wil often
Voice a teling her which requires courge,

© Michael Connelly

$ first Connelly book 1 read wos The Pov. his
+ Sand alone novel and a ig. breakthrough
dor him, By then, he hed an our books in his
Huey Bose seres, wich | went ack to re.
Envol has maintained level of quality through
‘long running eres «air deu ing
ning ay for a le

lind witing books suchas The Poet and Blood
nese vil. People tak about how you coste
Suspense, and uss eit hangers, reveals and 20
‘Tes ie veal secret 1 1 erste characters the
Fonds care about. Bosch a detective inthe Lo
vith that aide ef arta

vas sone him in good

D Johan Theorin

J Theo novel, Echoes from the Dea, when
ing competion fr <rimo fiin pie.
Ihe frat of à quartet of ren, al of which Toke
Place on an island in o Bate Seo. Y

Poe LAN pond on De vapor
Br Come Te ts Boek tte
the Sants i's about this crumbing house by
Mos indice ob» supa
hugh e the are
mat wonder elman Sut Thworin Is randy lo
So he tone ows te ling of hw one whe la
i Wns day yu akt he Dun
is pata and macho Tar neg

162. GENETICALLY-MODIFIED FOODS

i ow le har we shoul be att mot to dele GM foods sae ant

"The aps conclude i of

164. Qu

ide you san you must compete Both tak

© mount go out

165. Port 4.2 minutes

‘Yow wi each b ake ak on your om for about a minut. You wl am be

{nthe sign compar, contrast nd pes

tach people ar nthe spot.

19.6 you enjoy being in he spotight? Why Ino?
2 Er |

Nove, Ca +. The show paris who appar be

Parsons prababy fing and what probaly made thom tel is way

art 5 A minus)

nd gen) LE

eve aa somethings people can do to go gro and hip the planet,

Nese lt each the about which of thee things most people re Rely 0 o,
tu adopting, wd what could be dane to change te

166. = - |

‘Candidate Answer Sheet _

rt ñ =
: =

PA . =

. LL commen mp |

167. eae

169. aaa FOR PAPER 4

Tr Mater or Paper 169
|

170. Language bank

1 |
| |

171. U
in

Language bank

Is it important for
setting and teenagers to learn
ee how to save
money? What are
the benefits?

about

f resi good
armas

making their
dreams come

demonstrating
responsibility

174. U
Ce

Language bank

= anne ania

Son you nk his iy they he te?

Do students benefit
more from online
learning (e-learning)
than the traditional
classroom?

learning at your
‘own pace

tailoring to your
specific needs.

Hexibiity

loss pressure

177. U
iis

Language bank

pu nd hls wi facial amis

ray you hve much more

feces ones you eon we ee seg

Is it better to be
fixed salary/ employed full-time
consistent income by a company, or to
work for yourself (be
self-employed)?

time management

team
and discipline

environment

Potential

179. Ela

Candide

Language bank

age gah Asvncad Tests wars or apar 170)

180. Ea

Candidates A an

Language bank
ee een

On ann ough dape o how yu un am

or mdr EN mon ie

new friendships. Are
form / old friends social-networking
reconnect sites improving
our lives?

‘opportunities to
express thoughts
and share news eyber-bullying
has become a
serious problem

‘makes people
more isolated

professional
networking sites
improve job
prospects.

181. iis

Candie À

Language bank

182. pe [AAA

Language bank
ten
Lee

rai at as came an
Samen dogo
Toms sore ots tying

he fel rant sn of

s

Haha here having nomass tin,

eed

sen gees

183. is

Language bank

Is it better to rent or

relocating to own your home?
easier when you What are the
rent advantages and
disadvantages?

painting and
decorating may
not be permitted
in rented

property

necessary rep:
taken care of
when renting

owning a home

an excellent
investment

possible decrease
in value of a
bought home
while there's still
a mortgage