Gigantism? 41
time, perhaps indicating that gigantism has its limitations. The euro area,
which is part of the EU, underwent a similar expansion. Originally a
group of eleven countries in 1998, the euro area now comprises nineteen
countries, and new candidates are still waiting. It is particularly difficult
to have a common currency in a heterogeneous economic zone that
extends from Finland to Greece. This has been demonstrated repeat-
edly, for example, with the Latin monetary union, a nineteenth-century
version of the euro area.
8
Its founding members were Belgium, France,
Italy, and Switzerland; shortly afterwards, Spain and Greece joined, and
in 1889 Romania, Bulgaria, Serbia, San Marino, and Venezuela followed.
The urge to expand even before stable convergence had been achieved
proved too strong, even then. The problems began when, among other
things, Greece did not keep to the agreements. Later, the currency union
exploded because banknotes were printed to fund the First World War.
Despite these historical lessons and the tensions subsequent to the 2008
financial crisis, the euro area will, by and large, continue to expand. In
principle, seven more member states will be obligated to introduce the
euro. Among them is Sweden, which should have adopted the single
currency long ago but has always resisted.
The euro is modelled on the dollar and seeks to match or even surpass
the US currency as a reserve currency. It is strange that the euro area
does not prioritize stability before pursuing further enlargement. After
all, during the financial crisis it became evident that the euro area was
far from robust. This is demonstrated time and time again in Italy,
where the governing parties repeatedly threaten to leave the euro area.
Today, the Greek crisis, which almost caused the explosion of the euro
area in 2011, is in a sort of quarantine, but far from being resolved. Like
a dormant volcano, it can erupt at any time.
International events also have an irrepressible drive to grow in all
dimensions. The first modern Olympic Games dates back to 1896: four-
teen countries took part, with 241 athletes in forty-three disciplines. At
the Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, almost 12,000 athletes
from around two hundred countries were represented. This growth goes
hand in hand with globalization. But there is more. The proliferation of
competitions is another phenomenon: the increasing number of coun-
tries competed for medals in more than three hundred sports. Only the
largest countries, with the help of the biggest multinational sponsors, can
organize Olympic Games on such a scale. The allocation always takes
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