Cardiovascular system notes.ppt mêdicine

Cardiologist system for doctor

1. Cardiovascular System Notes:
The Heart

2. The human heart
creates enough
pressure to squirt
blood 30 feet.
Interesting Cardiovascular System
Facts

3. Review
What are the 3 parts of the cardiovascular system?
heart – blood – blood vessels
What do arteries do?
Take blood AWAY from the heart
What are the 3 layers of an artery?
What do veins
do?
Bring blood TOWARD the heart
What do veins have that arteries don’t?
VALVES – (veins & arteries both have the same
layers except the muscular layer is smaller)
Tunica externa /connective tissue (elastin) – tunica
media/smooth muscle – tunica intima/endothelium

4. What exchanges material between blood and the
body’s cells?
CAPILLARIES
How big are
they?
microscopic in
size

5. NOTES – THE HEART
• Location: • cavity between the lungs, 2/3
left of midsagittal
• roughly the size of a fist

6. • Heart Anatomy
• PERICARDIUM • outer membrane of the heart
• 2 layers 1. Parietal pericardium:
external (outer) layer
2. Visceral pericardium
(epicardium): part of the heart
wall

7. • Functions: • protection – physical barrier
• anchors heart to other
structures
• provides lubrication to reduce
friction – allows the heart to
beat easily

8. 1. Epicardium: outer
portion (visceral
pericardium)
• 3 layers
• THE HEART WALL
EPICARDIUM

9. 2. Myocardium: middle
layer consists of twisted
cardiac muscle
• THIS IS THE LAYER
THAT ACTUALLY
CONTRACTS
MYOCARDIU
M

10. 3. Endocardium: inner
layer made of epithelial
tissue
ENDOCARDIU
M

11. • HEART
CHAMBERS
• 4 chambers
• Atrium
(left/right atria)
• divided by the INTERATRIAL
SEPTUM
• Function of Atria: receives
blood from veins
(pig heart)

12. • RIGHT ATRIA • receives blood from
superior & inferior vena cava
• blood that’s been
used
• oxygen poor – high in CO
2

13. • receives blood from
pulmonary veins
• LEFT ATRIA
• coming from lungs
• rich in
oxygen

14. • Ventricles
(left/right)
• muscular pumps – divided by
INTERVENTRICULAR SEPTUM
(pig
heart)

15. • RIGHT
VENTRICLE
• receives blood from the right
atria (O
2
poor)
• pumps blood to the lungs
through the PULMONARY
ARTERIES

16. • LEFT VENTRICLE • receives blood (O
2
rich) from the
left atrium
• pumps blood to the body
through the AORTA

17. • Systemic Circulation• heart – lungs – heart
– body – heart

18. • HEART VALVES
(4)
• allow for “one way” circulation
• 2 Atrioventricular
Valves (AV valves)
1. Tricuspid Valve: between right
atria and right ventricle

19. 2. Bicuspid or Mitral Valve:
between left atria and left
ventricle
• heavier & stronger of the two

20. • CHORDAE TENDINAE and papillary
muscles stop valves from being
folded backwards
CHORDAE TENDINAE

21. 3. Pulmonary Semilunar Valve:
between the pulmonary artery and
right ventricle

22. 4. Aortic Semilunar Valve: between
aorta and left ventricle