CBR.799 Edible Vaccine and and its effects on human .pptx

edible vaccine

1. Topic:- Edible vaccines Presented by:- Bhanve Jain Ph.D. Scholar Biotechnology Centre for Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research

2. Content What is Vaccine and types of vaccine Ideal Vaccine Properties Edible vaccine introduction History Plant used for edible vaccine production Criteria of host plant Advantages and disadvantages of plant used Method of vaccine production Action of vaccine Advantages and disadvantages of edible vaccine Applications Conclusion

3. V accine and its types A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular infectious or malignant disease . Typically vaccine contains the reagent that resembles a disease causing microorganisms Vaccines are made from weakened (attenuated vaccine) or killed (Inactivated vaccine) forms of microbes, its toxic (Toxoid) or its surface proteins (Subunit vaccine). Edward Jenner developed the first vaccine in 1796 against smallpox.

4. Ideal vaccine properties The major requirements of the vaccine. This includes primarily safety and efficacy and a number of other desirable features. These include cost, easy administration (e.g. orally), thermal stability and long-lived immunity . N ature and persistence of the immune responses. A single vaccine might be multivalent, i.e. protect against several locally important infectious diseases.

5. Edible Vaccine Edible vaccines are subunit vaccines that encode selected genes or antigens of bacterial and viral pathogens into the plants. These types of vaccines are prepared by emerging selected or whole genome into desired plant. This process is Transformation . Plants used for transformation are Transgenic plants . Edible vaccines offers cost-effective, needless, safe, convenient, low risk of infection, heat stable. It should contain appropriate amount of desired gene. Stable at room temperature for long time. Non- degradable in stomach.

6. History The first edible vaccine was produced in tobacco in 1990 in which 0.02 % recombinant protein (a surface protein from Streptococcus) of the total soluble leaf proteins was found.

7. Plant used for edible vaccine production Tobacco Potato Banana Tomato Rice Lettuce Soya bean Alfalfa Carrot Peanuts Corn

8. Criteria to choose host plant Easily transformation Well known major crop. Produce huge biomass . Grow quickly. Heat stable. Taste good. High content of vitamins that may boost immune system. Do not need special facilities for storage. Can be stored for long time even without refrigeration.

9. Advantages and Disadvantages of host plant

10. Method of vaccine production Direct method :- Gene Gun Micro projectile bombardment method Electroporation method Indirect method:- Agrobacterium tumefaciens method

11. Gene Gun Method : A biolistic or gene gun is a technique of genetic engineering where the genes, DNA, RNA, or proteins are transferred to the plant cells without the use of any vectors. The genetic material is coated with heavy metal and using the mechanical force the genes are fired into the cells Micro projectile Bombardment is one of the physical methods of gene transfer used to introduce foreign genetic materials directly into cells or tissues using high-velocity particles. Electroporation : the use of high-voltage electric shocks to introduce DNA into cells. It can be used with most cell types, yields a high frequency of both stable transformation and transient gene expression Direct method

12. Indirect method

13. Advantages Do not require administration by injection. Possible production of vaccines with low costs. Do not require separation and purification of vaccines from plant materials. Necessary in mass production and transportation. Heat stable, eliminating the need for refrigeration.

14. Disadvantages Development of immunotolerance to vaccine peptide or protein. Consistency of dosage . Stability of vaccine in fruit is not known. Dosage of vaccine would be variable. Selection of best plant is difficult. Certain foods like potato are not eaten raw, and cooking the food might weakens the medicine present in it. Not convenient for infants.

15. Applications of edible vaccines Hepatitis B Potato-based vaccine against hepatitis B have reported The amount of HBsAg needed for one dose could be achieved in a single potato Levels of specific antibodies significantly exceeded the protective level of 10mIU/mL in human Measles Plants were transformed with gene encoding subunit of the E.coli heat liable enterotoxin (LT-B). Transgenic potato's expressing LT-B were found to induce both serum and secretory antibodies when fed to mice ; these antibodies were protective in bacterial toxin assay in vitro. Cholera Mice fed with tobacco expressing MV-H (measles virus hemagglutinin from Edmonston strain) could attain antibody titers five times the level considered protective for humans and they also demonstrated secretory IgA in their faeces. Carrot, banana and rice are potential candidates.

16. Conclusion Edible vaccines creating inexpensive vaccines that might be particularly useful in immunizing people in developing countries It might be the solution to get rid of various ailments. It is plant derived vaccine which may lead to a future safer and more effective immunization. Production of multi component vaccines such as trivalent vaccines that provide protection against several pathogens.

17. References Kurup,V.M ., and Thomas,J . (2019). Edible vaccines: Promises and challenges. Molecular Biotechnology 60(2): 79-90. Saxena,J ., and Rawat,S . (2013). Edible vaccines. Advances in biotechnology. Chapter 12, 207-226. Sharma,A.K ., Mohanty,A ., Singh,Y ., and Tyagi,A.K . (1999). Transgenic plants for the production of edible vaccines and antibodies for immunotherapy. Current science. Volume 77 number 4, 524-529. Mishra,N ., Gupta,P.N ., Khatri,K ., Goyal,A.K ., and Vyas,S.P . (2008) “Edible vaccines:A new approach to oral immunization”, Indian Journal of Biotechnology, Volume 7, 283-294 . Kaur, S., and Saini, R. K. (2022). Recent progress and challenges in the development of edible vaccines produced by genetically modified plants. Frontiers in plant science, 13, 1079484 . Singh, N., Gill, P. K., Singh, A., and Gahlaut , A. (2023). A review on edible vaccines and their prospects. Pharmaceutics, 15(1), 144 .