CBSE/Class-11/Subject- Physical Education (048)/Unit I Changing Trends & Career in Physical Education (2022-23)

As per the CBSE new syllabus (2022-23).
CBSE/Class-11/Subject- Physical Education (048)/Unit I Changing Trends & Career in Physical Education.

1. As Per New Syllabus 2022 Sub- P.E Class- 12 UNIT- I Changing Trends & Career in Physical Education BY - DEBASISH SAHA ( B.P.E, B.P.Ed , M.P.Ed )

2. Follow us on- YouTube & Facebook Physical Education Teacher Journey 7688076630 SUB-UNITS 1 .1 Concept , Aims & Objectives of Physical Education. 1 .2 Changing Trends in Sports- playing surface, wearable gears and sports equipment , technological advancements. 1 .3 Career Options in Physical Education. 1 .4 Khelo -India and Fit-India Program.

3. Follow us on- YouTube & Facebook Physical Education Teacher Journey 7688076630 1.1 Concept, Aims & Objectives of Physical Education. 1.1.1 Concept of Physical Education - Physical education comprises of two words “physical” meaning “related to body” and “ Education” meaning “modification in behavior ”. Therefore combined meaning of these two words would be that modification of behavior which is related to physical activities meant for the development of physical fitness, human body maintenance, development of skill and power . - Physical education is the total development of the individual in terms of physical, mental, moral, emotional and social development. - The most basic concern is gross movements rather than minute or finer movements. - Physical education is an important part of general education. It involves physical activities which help to achieve wholesome development of individuals. - Physical education is the relationship between human movement and the other areas of education . - Physical education helps to develop good health and leads the man towards progress and wellness . It leads to balanced development . - BASIC CONCEPTS OF P.E- Education Through The Physical.

4. Follow us on- YouTube & Facebook Physical Education Teacher Journey 7688076630 Definition of Physical Education According to “ Delbert Oberteuffer ”, Physical Education is the sum of those experiences which come to the individual through movement. According to “ Charles A. Bucher ”, Physical Education is an integral part of the total educational process. It is a field of endeavour that has as its aim the improvement of human performance through the medium of physical activities that have been selected with a view to realizing this outcome. According to “ Jesse Feiring Williams ”, Physical Education is the sum of man’s physical activities selected as to kind, and conducted as to outcomes. According to “ Jay B. Nash ”, Physical Education is that phase of the whole field of education that deals with the big muscle activities and their related responses. –To sum up, Physical Education is a process of education which aims at the holistic development of an individual by using physical activity or body movement.

5. Follow us on- YouTube & Facebook Physical Education Teacher Journey 7688076630 THE FATHER OF MODERN PHYSICAL EDUCATION- FRIEDRICH JAHN The father of our more modern physical education classes is FRIEDRICH JAHN , who was a teacher in the early 1800s who began teaching a program of outdoor physical education activities for students in the secondary schools where he taught.

6. Follow us on- YouTube & Facebook Physical Education Teacher Journey 7688076630 ORIGIN OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION The brief history of physical education would start in just about 1820 when schools focused on gymnastics, hygiene training and care and development of the human body. The YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION launched its very first chapter in 1851 and focused on physical activities .

7. Follow us on- YouTube & Facebook Physical Education Teacher Journey 7688076630 PHYSICAL EDUCATION STARTED IN INDIA YMCA COLLEGE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION HARRY CROWE BUCK was an American college sports coach and physical education instructor. He founded the YMCA College of Physical Education at MADRAS in 1920, which played a key role in promoting sports and in establishing the Olympic movement in India. NOTE- Chennai also known as Madras is the capital of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.

8. Follow us on- YouTube & Facebook Physical Education Teacher Journey 7688076630 CURRENT TRENDS IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION Evolution of Physical Education

9. Follow us on- YouTube & Facebook Physical Education Teacher Journey 7688076630 CURRENT TRENDS IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION In the modern context , Physical Education lays a strong emphasis on achieving overall fitness and wellbeing rather than only physical fitness through body movement. In fact, Physical Education is now called movement education. It indicates how the body moves to develop efficient motor activity. The curriculum followed in the Physical Education Programme focuses on the overall fitness of a human being which is the need of today’s youth and of the country as well, educating individuals to value their overall fitness by suggesting to them how can they improve and assess it.

10. Follow us on- YouTube & Facebook Physical Education Teacher Journey 7688076630 SIGNIFICANCE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION PROGRAMME IN SCHOOLS

11. Follow us on- YouTube & Facebook Physical Education Teacher Journey 7688076630 1.1.2 Aims & Objective of Physical Education Aims of Physical Education The aim of Physical Education is optimum wholesome qualities development in a person. It emphasizes the balanced development of physical, mental, social, intellectual, and emotional behaviour. The development of : Physically, Mentally, Socially & Emotionally. Fit citizens through the medium of physical activities that have been selected and planned to achieve specific outcomes. According to National Plan of Physical Education and Recreation , “The aim of Physical Education must be to make every child physically, mentally and emotionally fit and also to develop in him such personal and social qualities as will help him to live happily with others and build him up as a good citizen.” According to J.F.Williams , ” Aim of Physical Education is complete living through Wholesome development of human personality ”.

12. Follow us on- YouTube & Facebook Physical Education Teacher Journey 7688076630 1.1.3 Objective of Physical Education 1. Developed Healthy and Active Life Style: The chief objective of Physical Education is to make individuals aware of and appreciate the value of Physical Education and its contribution to a healthy and active life style. 2. Develop interest in the discipline: The focus of a well-designed Physical Education plan should be to encourage a high level of interest and personal engagement in Physical Education showing initiative, enthusiasm and commitment towards thes ame . 3. Achieve Optimum Physical Fitness and Health: Physical Education Programmes should aim to develop an individual’s physical fitness and to make her/him work to her/his optimal level of physical capacity. It also aims to develop healthy habits of sleep, exercise, food etc. for optimum health . 4. Awareness of Movement: The Physical Education Programme should make the individual realise that movement is a creative medium for communication, expression and aesthetic appreciation. Proficiency in fundamental movement skills through Physical Education supports the development of more specific skills such as dance.

13. Follow us on- YouTube & Facebook Physical Education Teacher Journey 7688076630 Objective of Physical Education 5. Development of Organ Systems: The objective of Physical Education Programmeis to develop all organ systems such as respiratory system, circulatory system, digestive system, nervous system, and muscular system. This leads to increased physical efficiency and capacity. 6. Neuro -muscular Co-ordination: The Physical Education Programme should be planned in such a manner that it helps in maintaining a better relationship between the nervous system and the muscular system. This helps in developing control and balance among different body parts. 7. Emotional Development: Competitions are an in dispensable part of sports and games and are marked by success and failure. Physical Education helps develop emotional stability and teaches acceptance of success and failure gracefully. These qualities are helpful throughout one’s lifetime. Different situations occur on the sports field whereby individuals learn to control emotions such as anger, pleasure, jealousy, fear, loneliness etc. This makes them emotionally balanced.

14. Follow us on- YouTube & Facebook Physical Education Teacher Journey 7688076630 Objective of Physical Education 8. Social Development: Physical Education leads to social development as it provides the individual ample opportunities for social contact and group living which help her/him to adjust in different situations and build relationships. Qualities like cooperation, obedience, fair play, sacrifice, loyalty, sportsmanship, self-confidence are developed. Development of these traits help the individual to become a good human being and also results in a healthy society . 9. Develop Motor Skills: The Physical Education Programme helps the individual develop the motor skills necessary for successful participation in different sports and a variety of other physical activities. 10. Enjoyment and Satisfaction: A Physical Education Programme provides enjoyment and satisfaction through physical activity. 11. Development of Evaluative Skills: A well-designed Physical Education Programme helps participants to show knowledge and understanding of a variety of physical activities and to evaluate their own and others performances .

15. Follow us on- YouTube & Facebook Physical Education Teacher Journey 7688076630 Objective of Physical Education 12. Interpretive Development: Physical Education helps develop interpretive ability amongst the individuals where they can critically reflect upon physical activity in both their local and intercultural context . 13. Character Building: A well-structured Physical Education Programme should be based on desirable life outcomes like building character traits such as morality, self- esteem, self-efficacy and resilience, including lowering levels of stress, experiencing positive growth, boosting academic achievement, being willing to set challenging life goals, and pro-social behaviour. 14. Remedial Values: Physical Education Programme teaches safety habits where one can learn about corrective exercises which will lead to safety habits amongst individuals. 15. Optimum Sports Performance: Physical Education brings an individual to optimum sports performance level. 16. Effective Citizenship: At last but not the least, the Physical Education Programme prepares an effective citizen who serves the country in better manner.

16. Follow us on- YouTube & Facebook Physical Education Teacher Journey 7688076630 1.2 Changing Trends in Sports- playing surface, wearable gears and sports equipment, technological advancements. 1.2.1 Playing Surface Throughout history, different sports happen and are played on various different surfaces . The surfaces upon which a sport is played wil l have a significant impact on the player’s experience. Different surfaces have been used for different purposes; some will allow games to be played under conditions that would otherwise render them unplayable and others will provide a higher level of comfort for the players. Different sports surface types I) Natural grass surfaces Traditionally, sports were played on natural grass surfaces . Maintenance of grass turf surfaces involves different activities including irrigation, and control of pests , and disease . II) Artificial grass (hockey and football)- In 1960 some sporting organizations started using artificial pitches. Artificial plain surfaces were created with the intent of increasing the durability and versatility of the playing surfaces thereby enabling multi-sport use and providing an indoor. surface that was relatively easy to maintain.

17. Follow us on- YouTube & Facebook Physical Education Teacher Journey 7688076630 Different sports surface types III) Polyurethane (PU) (multi-use, gymnasiums) IV) Vinyl (multi-use, sports centres) V) Timber (court games, basketball) VI) Rubber (gyms and running tracks) VII) Hard court acrylic (indoor tennis) VIII) MUGA surfacing (multi-use games area)

18. Follow us on- YouTube & Facebook Physical Education Teacher Journey 7688076630 1.2.2 Wearable Gears Wearable Technology has changed the way sports are evaluated. Today we are not depending on human eyes to make judgments in the movement thanks to the rise of everything from GPS (Global Positioning System) trackers to RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification) chips with the help of which Sports officials can calculate scores with instant, impartial and quantifiable data. There are many types of wearable technology in sports. Smart watches are popular with both professional athletes and amateur fitness enthusiasts, and they are suitable for a wide range of activities that can make use of calorie, step, distance, pulse, and heart rate tracking . Other, more specialized wearable technology examples include things like i ) smart clothing These items can be designed with specific activities in mind. For example, runners-can invest in shocks that are built with a textile pressure sensor that will calculate whether they are striking with their heels or the balls of their feet. ii) Head-mounted displays that can be built into helmets to keep race car drivers in radio contact with their pit crews iii) Smart rings iv) Sensor-field shirts and leggings

19. Follow us on- YouTube & Facebook Physical Education Teacher Journey 7688076630 The benefits of wearable technology in sports are numerous. Not only can they track health and fitness data to optimize athletic performance, but they can also be used to prevent injuries by identifying danger zones and predicting risky movements or patterns. When wearable t echnology used by sports officials, they can also ensure accuracy during games, matches, and performances. Technology in sports science has grown quite sophisticated and high-end fitness products can count steps, measure heart rates and even deliver electrocardiogram results to linked smartphones. Innovators are constantly pushing the boundaries of what their products can do .

20. Follow us on- YouTube & Facebook Physical Education Teacher Journey 7688076630 1.2.3 Sports Equipment When designing sports equipment, the design has to enhance performance, be user-friendly and be safer in order to beat out previous competitors. Some of the equipment which has changed or improved in design have been mentioned below: a) Clothing : In swimming, earlier nylon and lycra were used which enable swimsuits to be more form- fitting and less water absorbent. Now new suits are being developed to reduce drag and increase performance . In other sports new clothing is being designed to wick sweat away from the body — by evaporation instead of absorbing it. b) Shoes : Lighter and flatter track shoes are designed to find the perfect balance of optimal grip and comfort . Through years of testing and experience, athletes and sports scientists have worked to find the perfect blend of lightweight shoes and optimal grip that allows an athlete to hit the corners harder and faster

21. Follow us on- YouTube & Facebook Physical Education Teacher Journey 7688076630 c) Protective Equipment : New technology in sports equipment has revolutionized the way that manufacturers keep athletes safe from injury. Example:- Helmet manufacturers have produced helmets with technologically advanced materials to produce safe and more comfortable helmets. d) Specific sports equipment : Tennis Racquets : Earlier wooden rackets were used. In the 1960s, metal rackets were introduced which increased racquet lifespan and stiffness although not increased weight. In the 1980s wooden rackets became obsolete and brands instead made graphite rackets which became lighter and lighter also improving performance.

22. Follow us on- YouTube & Facebook Physical Education Teacher Journey 7688076630 1.2.4 Technological Advancements Technology has taken over today’s modern world. Many professional and amateur sports bodies have embraced new technology to protect athletes, engage fans, track world records and make it easier to officiate the games. From the wearable sports technology market to the high degree of fan experience at sporting events, the future of sports is more digital . Some of the technological advancement that has been introduced is given below : i . Instant Replay: Instant replay is an example of the remarkable technology being used in sports today. With this technology, officials are able to slow down and re-examine what happened during a play, which provides a much-needed second perspective for controversial sports moments. Instant replay is used in games like baseball, football, cricket, rugby, and soccer. It is even used in combat sports and mixed martial arts .

23. Follow us on- YouTube & Facebook Physical Education Teacher Journey 7688076630 ii. Sensor Tools : It’s a device capable of acquiring data from its surroundings and are often used to analyze in sports & games. They are also used in cases where the naked eye cannot truly tell . Different sports use same/different sensor tools depends. Example- Cricket's Hawk-eye, technology analysis is used to determine if the ball smashed into the bat before it was caught. iii. Timing System: To note timing is needed in a race/other sports, stopwatch has been replaced by more accurate timing systems; this means that differences in reaction time no longer affect the precision and consistency of racing events/ other sports event. iv. Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) Chips : This is one of the best examples of technology in sports . RFID chips are used to track time/location individual contestants in an event. They are tiny devices with build in antennas that relay wireless signals to tracking stations. Example- RFID chips are often used in long-distance races to help broadcasters and viewers track the exact location of contestants during a race. v. Equipment Development: One of the biggest improvements in sporting tech is smart helmets. New helmet technology offers sensor and magnet tech built-in, which is able to detect and distribute force , thus decreasing the chances of head injury.

24. 1.3 Career Options in Physical Education

25. Follow us on- YouTube & Facebook Physical Education Teacher Journey 7688076630 CAREER OPTIONS IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION 1. Teaching career:- ( i ) Senior secondary school level (ii) College and university level 2. Training career:- ( i ) High school coaches ( ii) Trainers is Professional Sports Organisations 3. Healthy related career:- ( i ) Sports physiotherapists (ii ) Athletic trainers (iii) Sports nutritionists/Dieticians (iv) Gym Instructors (v) Sports Psychologists (vi) Dietician

26. Follow us on- YouTube & Facebook Physical Education Teacher Journey 7688076630 CAREER OPTIONS IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION 4 . Performance related career ( i ) Professional players ( ii) As official (iii) Recreational sports management (iv) Directors of recreation (v ) Recreation supervisors 5. Career in Communication and media:- ( i ) Sports journalist (ii) Sports book publication (iii) Sports photographer ( iv) Sports host (Radio/TV show) (v ) Sports Announcer/Commentator

27. Follow us on- YouTube & Facebook Physical Education Teacher Journey 7688076630 1.4 Khelo -India and Fit-India Program. 1.4.1 Khelo -India Program Introduction On 31 January 2018 , Prime Minister, Narendra Modi , declared open the inaugural Khelo India School Games. At the opening ceremony based on Guru– shishya tradition held at Indira Gandhi Arena. From the 2019 events, Khelo India School Games were renamed to Khelo India Youth Games after Indian Olympic Association came on .

28. Follow us on- YouTube & Facebook Physical Education Teacher Journey 7688076630 COMPONENTS OF

29. Follow us on- YouTube & Facebook Physical Education Teacher Journey 7688076630 Motto The mission aims to develop a sporting culture in the country, identify talents from grassroots and groom them for international success. 'KHELOGE KUDOGE TOH BANOGE LAJAWAB' the motto of the Khelo India programme rang true as Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the Khelo India School Game.

30. Follow us on- YouTube & Facebook Physical Education Teacher Journey 7688076630 Objectives The revamped Khelo India Scheme was launched during the financial year 2017-18 with a view to achieving the twin objectives of - Mass participation and promotion of excellence in sports. The vision of the revamped Khelo India is to infuse sports culture and achieve sporting excellence in the country. Revamped - means to change something in order to make it more attractive or more modern.

31. Follow us on- YouTube & Facebook Physical Education Teacher Journey 7688076630 Scholarship Every year best performing 1000 talented players participants are identified by the High-Powered Committee will be provided annual financial assistance of INR 5 lakh per annum for 8 years to prepare them for international sporting events. In the Khelo India School Games, which are a part of the Khelo India program, under-17 athletes participate across 16 disciplines. - 16 disciplines are Archery, Athletics, Badminton, Basketball, Boxing, Football, Gymnastics , Hockey, Judo, Kabaddi , Kho-Kho, Shooting, Swimming, Volleyball, Weightlifting , and Wrestling .

32. Follow us on- YouTube & Facebook Physical Education Teacher Journey 7688076630 Khelo India Youth Games Edition Year Host City Winner State I 2018 New Delhi Haryana II 2019 Pune Maharashtra III 2020 Guwahati Maharashtra IV 2021 Panchkula Haryana

33. Follow us on- YouTube & Facebook Physical Education Teacher Journey 7688076630 1.4.2 Fit-India Program Introduction Fit- india Mission encourages people to become part of the Fit India Movement by inculcating at least 30-60 minutes of physical activities in their day-to-day lives. The mission of the Movement is to bring about behavioural changes and move toward a more physically active lifestyle. FIT-INDIA Movement was launched on 29th August 2019 by the Honourable Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi with a view to making fitness an integral part of our daily lives. The mission of the Movement is to bring about behavioral changes and move toward a more physically active lifestyle . Towards achieving this mission, Fit India proposes to undertake various initiatives and conduct many events.

34. Follow us on- YouTube & Facebook Physical Education Teacher Journey 7688076630 Objectives of Fit- I ndia Movement I) To promote fitness as easy, fun and free . II) To spread awareness on fitness and various physical activities that promote fitness through focused campaigns . III) To encourage indigenous sports . IV) To make fitness reach every school, college/university, panchayat /village , etc. V) To create a platform for citizens of India to share information, drive awareness, and encourage sharing of personal fitness stories.