CEA Workshop Abbrev Noviembre 06 (1).pptx

CEA Workshop Abbrev Noviembre 06 (1).pptx

1. CEA WORKSHOP Lima Infrastructure Development Partnership 23-24 th November 2006

2. OUTLINE OBJECTIVES BACKGROUND METHODOLOGY CONFIRMATION OF SCOPE OVERVIEW OF THIRD PARTY PROJECTS RE-APPRAISAL OF BOUNDARIES APPLICATION OF METHODOLOGY EVALUATION OF RESULTS CONCLUSIONS FURTHER WORK?

3. OBJECTIVES OVERALL Respond to Lenders’ auditors comments regarding the initial CEAs for the 3 projects WORKSHOP Describe CEA methodology Confirm ‘Project Footprint’ Review Third Party projects & confirm those that have the potential to interact with the Project Evaluate potential interactions of Third Party projects and the Project Describe and characterises these interactions in terms of pathways and direct/indirect impacts

4. BACKGROUND - APPROACH & STATUS OF CEA Activity Phase/Step 1 4 2 3 5 6 Develop Methodology & define Valued Ecosystem Components Define initial spatial and temporal boundaries of pipeline & plant projects Identify third party activities within Projects’ sphere of influence Identify interactive pathways with potential to affect VEC Assess incremental effects of plant, quarry and pipeline projects Re-assess existing mitigation measures Assess significance of residual (post-mitigation) effects Assess implications for management plans and contractors 7 8 Completed TBC TBC Status Completed Completed Workshop Workshop TBC Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 4

5. CEA – In general, a poorly practiced concept, despite potential significance of issues. Historically not seen as major issue by regulators/IFIs Partly a result of the need to deal with complex, value-laden issues, over multiple spatial and temporal timescales, with poor or limited data sets Little consistency in scope and approach at the international level Canadian Practitioners Guide but this excludes ‘social’ issues within the definition of Valued Ecosystem Components; these are generally fundamental to the CEA Recent examples of CEA such as Block 56 & 88 ESIA focuses on ‘linkages’ at the expense of ‘outcomes’ Required the development of more holistic approach APPROACH

6. KEY TERMS & DEFINITIONS Cumulative Affects Assessment (CEA) Definition: Changes to the environment that are caused by the interaction of project activities with other past, present and future human activities and their ecological consequences, i.e., the specific consideration of effects due to other projects. Purpose: to ensure the incremental effects resulting from the combined influences of various project activities and their outcomes are assessed. These effects may be significant even though the effects of each activity, when independently assessed, are considered insignificant. Valued Ecosystem Components (VEC): Any part of the environment that is considered important by the proponent, public, scientists and government involved in the assessment process. Importance may be determined on the basis of cultural values or scientific concern. Includes environmental and social attributes.

7. KEY TERMS & DEFINITIONS Pathways Rivers/water courses Groundwater systems Roads, tracks, paths Atmosphere/ prevailing winds People The "pathways" between a cause (or source) and an effect are logically the focus of an assessment of cumulative effects. The magnitude of the combined effects along a pathway can be equal to the sum of the individual effects (additive effect) or result in a synergistic i.e., compounding effect.

8. KEY TERMS & DEFINITIONS Cumulative effects can occur in various ways: Physical-chemical transport: A physical or chemical constituent is transported away from the action under review where it then interacts with another action (e.g., air emissions, waste water effluent, sediment). Nibbling loss: The gradual disturbance and loss of land and habitat (e.g., clearing of vegetation) Spatial and temporal crowding : Occur when too much is happening within too small an area and in too brief a period of time. A threshold may be exceeded and the environment may not be able to recover to pre-disturbance conditions.

9. KEY TERMS & DEFINITIONS Cumulative effects can occur in various ways: Spatial and temporal crowding (Cont’d) Spatial crowding results in an overlap of effects among actions (e.g., noise from a highway adjacent to an industrial site, confluence of stack emission plumes). Temporal crowding may occur if effects from different actions overlap or occur before the VEC has had time to recover. Growth-inducing potential: Each new action can induce further actions to occur. The effects of these "spin-off" actions (e.g., increased vehicle access into a previously inaccessible area) may add to the cumulative effects already occurring in the vicinity of the proposed action, creating a "feedback" effect.

10. METHODOLOGY Define Conceptual Framework Develop Generic Methodology Select appropriate Valued Ecosystem Components (VECs) Multi- dimensional, hierarchal and interactive approach essential

11. Ecosystem approach: METHODOLOGY Conceptual Framework Allows an integrated assessment of land, water and living resources Allows due consideration of humans, with their cultural diversity, as an integrated component of many ecosystems Facilitates multi-level assessment Global Regional Local Project

12. METHODOLOGY Defining ecosystems Definition: A dynamic complex of plant, animal and micro-organism communities and the non-living environment interacting as a functional unit. Humans are an integral part of ecosystems Defining scale and boundaries: Both can vary enormously, can be somewhat arbitrary but ultimately need to be fit for purpose A well defined ecosystem will have strong interactions among its components and weak interactions across boundaries Boundaries are best characterised where a number of discontinuities coincide (soil, distribution of organisms, drainage basins, depth in a water body); population centres

13. METHODOLOGY VECs; How are they identified? Supporting Services that are necessary for the production of ecosystem services (primary production, nutrient recycling, soil formation) Provisioning Products people obtain from ecosystems (food, fibre, fresh water, genetic resources) Ecosystem services Regulating Benefits people obtain from the regulation of ecosystem processes (air quality maintenance, erosion control, climate regulation, water purification) Cultural Non-material benefits people obtain from ecosystems through spiritual enrichment, cognitive development, recreation, etc, i.e., the complementarity of culture and env’t. Freedom of choice and actions Opportunity for an individual to be able to achieve what s/he values doing and being Security Personal safety Secure access to resources Security from natural disasters Constituents of well-being Basic materials for human life Livelihoods Supplies of food and water Shelter Energy (keep warm/cool, cooking) Health Ability to: be adequately nourished be free from avoidable diseases have clean water/air Good social relations Social cohesion Mutual respect Ability to help others

14. VECs; How are they identified? Ecosystem Services Provisioning Food crops (quality & yield Fibre crops (quality & yield) Animal products (food) Animal products (non-food) Fuel (animal) Fuel (timber) Building materials Fresh water Employment Crop genetics

15. VECs; How are they identified? Ecosystem Services Regulating Air quality maintenance Climate regulation Water regulation Erosion control Water purification/ regulation Biological control (crop/ livestock disease) Human disease regulation Pollination Storm protection Landform stabilisation Mangrove Services: nursery and adult fishery habitat fuelwood & timber carbon sequestration traps sediment detoxifies pollutants protection from erosion & disaster

16. VECs; How are they identified? Ecosystem Services Cultural Cultural identity & diversity Spiritual (sacred, religious, or other forms of spiritual inspiration) Inspiration (the use of natural motives or artefacts in arts, folklore, etc) Aesthetics Cultural heritage Recreation & ecotourism

17. VECs; How are they identified? Ecosystem Services Supporting Habitat Primary production Soil formation Nutrient cycling

18. VECs; How are they identified? Components of well-being Ill-being/poverty Powerlessness Vulnerability Poor health Material deficits Bad social relations Freedom of choice & action Security Good health Materially enough for good life Good social relations Well-being Ill-being (poverty)

19. VECs; How are they identified? Human well-being Security Affected by changes in: Provisioning services , which affect supplies of food and other goods, and likelihood of conflict over declining resources Regulating services, which could influence the frequency of floods, landslides, mudflows etc Access to basic materials for life Strongly linked to: Provisioning services such as food and fibre production Regulating services such as water purification Health Strongly linked to: Provisioning services such as food, clean water Regulating services such as air quality, factors affecting the distribution of disease-transmitting insects, and of irritants and pathogens in water and air Cultural services through recreation and spiritual benefits Good social relations & freedoms Social relations: Affected by changes to Cultural services which affect the quality of human experience Freedom of choice & actions: Predicated on other components of well being, hence Provisioning, Regulating, Cultural services Comprises multiple constituents Is at the opposite end of a continuum from poverty (i.e., pronounced deprivation of well being)

20. Links between Ecosystems and Well-being (Using health as an example) Hazard/ consequence Reduced catch Increased CO, NOx, SO2 Reduced supplies of potable water/ increased consumption of poor quality water Ecosystem Coastal Urban & rural communities Inland water Service Provision of fish Air quality regulation Water filtration; summer supplies Change Reduced access to beach Air pollution Modified hydrology/ hydro-geology Human health Outcome Reduced consumption of protein/food Asthma Loss of basic life necessity Indicators Protein deficiency/ hunger Morbidity; body burden of metals Diarrhoea

21. Conceptualisation & Implementation Project activities will add, remove or re-distribute physical, chemical, biotic or social components or energy within set boundaries which may result directly or indirectly, depending on fate and functional relationships in net loss or gain of VECs or functions of the ecosystem Project Sequence & Causality Workshop Follow-up CEA: Key steps Identify over- lapping Spheres of Influence (SOI) [spatial/temporal coincidence] +/o discontinuous SOIs where linkages are likely/evident Identify VECs of concern, prioritising direct effects Attempt to analyse the effects on each VEC to a point where a specific question can be asked, for which a numerical answer is possible or a hypothesis can be stated Review existing Project plans for intervention Assess cost-benefit for additional intervention Assess implications for management/ monitoring

22. SCOPE OF CEA PRIMARY PROJECTS LNG Plant Pipeline Quarry SECONDARY PROJECTS a) Associated Block 56 and 88 Pisco Los Malvinas Eastern Extension pipeline b) Third party Government Private sector Under way Proposed Reasonably foreseeable

23. THIRD PARTY PROJECTS