CELL CYCLE.pptx Akanksha trivedi Rama University kanpur

it describe the what is cell, type of cells and cell division & cell cycle.

1. FACULTY OF NURSING, RAMA UNIVERSITY PRESENTATION ON CELL DIVISION AND CELL CYCLE Submitted To- PRINCIPAL Dr. JASMI MANU HOD Obstetrics & Gynaecological Nursing Faculty Of Nursing Rama University, Kanpur . Submitted By- Mrs. Akanksha Trivedi MSC Nursing 1 st yr Faculty Of Nursing Rama University, Kanpur

2. INTRODUCTION- Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells. Cell division usually occurs as part of a larger cell cycle. In cell division the cell that is dividing is called the PARENT CELL. The parent cell divides into two daughter cells and the process then repeats in what is called the cell cycle. It’s the process by which a cell divides to form two new cells. Human body is continuously facing injury and truma . Thus the injured cells or last tissues are constantly replaced through a process of regeneration and repair.

3. DEFINITIONS- CELL DIVISION- “The division of the cell into two daughter cells with the same genetic material.” OR “Cell division is a crucial biological process for the creation of daughter cells from parent cell aimed at growth, development and reproduction.” CELL CYCLE “A cell cycle is a series of events that taken place in a cell as it grows and divides” Cell division is integral part of cell cycle.

4. TYPES OF CELL DIVISION- There are two types of cell division or cell reproduction in organism- PROKARYOTES ( Bacteria) Binary fission 2. EUKARYOTES Mitosis Meiosis

5. PROKARYOTIC CELL DIVISION- BINARY FISSION- There 3 major steps- DNA replication- DNA is copied resulting into two identical chromosomes. Chromosome segregation- separates chromosome and move towards end (poles) of the cells. Cytokinesis (separation )- cytoplasm divides forming two cells. Each new daughter cell is genetically identical to parent cells.

6. EUKARYOTIC CELL DIVISION- Cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parents cell.

7. MITOSIS- Mitosis is a process where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells (cell division). Facts. Mitosis is the process by which a cell replicates its chromosomes and then segregates them, producing two identical nuclei in preparation for cell division. . There are mainly two division- MITOSIS ( NUCLEAR DIVISION)- Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase 2. CYTOKINESIS - Cytoplasm Divided Forming Two New Daughter Cells. Each Daughter Cells Is Genetically Identical To Parents.

8. Cont- Prophase - The nuclear membrane disapear Formation of two centrioles and move to opposite poles of the cell Spindle forms from the centrioles located at two opposite poles. Metaphase - Chromosomes moves to the equatorial plate of the cell which is the middle of the cell between the poles. Spindles grow and attach to the kinetochore ( in centromere ) of each sister chromatid .

9. Cont - Anaphase - Spindles start to shorten pulling the chromatids . The centromere splits, detaching the two sister chromatids . Spindles fibers pull the separated chromatid to their respective pole. Separated sister chromatids are now called chromosomes. Telophase - Nuclear membrane forms again surrounding the chromatid which have moved to the two ploes . Spindles fibres disappear. A cleavage furrow appears in middle cells The cell into two daughter cells.

10. Meiosis- Meiosis is a process of cell division by which the number of chromosomes per cell is halved during the division. Ovary or testes to produce gamets . Fusion of the ovum and sperm restore the diploid number of chromosomes in the fertilised ovum. The cell enter the cell cycle. After completion of G2 phase the cell enters meiosis. Meiosis consist two successive division- First meiosis Second meiotic division.

11. First Meiotic Division/Meiosis I 1. Prophase 1 Lepototene Zygotene Pachytene Diplotene diakinesis 2. Metaphase 1 3. Anaphase 1 4. Telophase 1

12. Prophase 1

13. Metaphase 1

14. Anaphase 1

15. Telophase 1

16. Second meiotic division/ meiosis 2 The second meiotic division follows the first meiotic division without any gap ( interphase ) . Prophase 2 Metaphase 2 Anaphase 2 Telophase 2 Results of meiosis four haploid cells with one copy of the each chromosomes.

17. Prophase 2

18. Metaphase 2

19. Anaphase 2

20. Telophase 2

21. Conti-

22. The Difference Between Mitosis And Meiosis Mitotic Meiosis Number of division 1 2 Number of daughter cells 2 4 Chromosomes Same as parents Half of the parents Genetically identically Yes No Where Somatic cells Germs cells When Throughout the life At the sexual maturity Role Growth and repair Sexual reproduction

23. The cell cycle- The sequence of the events from the time a cell first arises as a result of the cell division untill the time when that cell itself divides. The consists the period of Growth and development (G1 PHASE) DNA replication (S PHASE) Preparation for division (G2 PHASE) Cell division. ( MEIOTIC/ M PHASE )

24. Summary There are two types of cell division: mitosis and meiosis . Most of the time when people refer to “cell division,” they mean mitosis, the process of making new body cells. Meiosis is the type of cell division that creates egg and sperm cells. Mitosis is a fundamental process for life. Cell division usually occurs as part of a larger cell cycle. All cells reproduce by splitting into two, where each parental cell gives rise to two daughter cells. A cell cycle is a series of events that takes place in a cell as it grows and divides. A cell spends most of its time in what is called interphase , and during this time it grows, replicates its chromosomes, and prepares for cell division .

25. Conclusion At the conclusion of the cycle, each parent cell produces two genetically identical daughter cells that may undergo a cycle of replication. Roughly 90 percent of the cell cycle is spent in interphase . Interphase is comprised of three main steps: the first gap phase, the synthesis phase, and the second gap phase. Cell Division can be simply defined as the process that results in two daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. The chromosomes are duplicated first, and then the cell divides

26. Assignment- Write down the cell cycle.

27. Bibliography- “ Mandal AK Shramana Chaudhary ”, “ Comprehensive Textbook of pahthology , clinical pathology, genetic” first edition 2016, published by Avichal publication company; page no 198-201. “ Gerard J Tortora ”, “ principles of anatomy and physiology”, 1 st edition published by jaypee publication; page no 92-94. “ Anne Waugh and Alison Grant”, “ Anatomy and physiology”, 12 th edition page no-104-105. https://www.vedantu.com/biology/cell-division https://www.slideshare.net/Wabworld/the-cell-cycle-and-cell-division

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