Cell Organelles and their functions .ppt

Cell Organelles and their functions

1. Cell OrganellesCell Organelles
© J Beauchemin 2006© J Beauchemin 2006

2. Cell OrganellesCell Organelles
OrganelleOrganelle= “little = “little
organ”organ”
Found only inside Found only inside
eukaryotic cellseukaryotic cells
All the stuff in All the stuff in
between the between the
organelles is organelles is cytosolcytosol
Everything in a cell Everything in a cell
except the nucleus is except the nucleus is
cytoplasmcytoplasm

3. Cell MembraneCell Membrane
Boundary of the cellBoundary of the cell
Made of a phosphoMade of a phospholipidlipid bibilayerlayer

4. NucleusNucleus
Control center of the Control center of the
cellcell
Contains Contains DNADNA
Surrounded by a Surrounded by a
double membranedouble membrane
Usually the easiest Usually the easiest
organelle to see under organelle to see under
a microscopea microscope
Usually one per cellUsually one per cell

5. CytoskeletonCytoskeleton
Acts as Acts as skeletonskeleton and and
musclemuscle
Provides shape and Provides shape and
structurestructure
Helps move Helps move
organelles around the organelles around the
cellcell
Made of three types of Made of three types of
filamentsfilaments

6. Endoplasmic Endoplasmic
ReticulumReticulum
A.k.a. “ER”A.k.a. “ER”
Connected to nuclear Connected to nuclear
membranemembrane
Highway of the cellHighway of the cell
Rough ERRough ER: studded : studded
with ribosomes; it with ribosomes; it
makes proteinsmakes proteins
Smooth ERSmooth ER: no : no
ribosomes; it makes ribosomes; it makes
lipidslipids

7. RibosomeRibosome
Site of protein Site of protein
synthesissynthesis
Found attached to Found attached to
rough ER or floating rough ER or floating
free in cytosolfree in cytosol
Produced in a part of Produced in a part of
the nucleus called the the nucleus called the
nucleolusnucleolus
That looks familiar…what is a That looks familiar…what is a
polypeptidepolypeptide??

8. Golgi ApparatusGolgi Apparatus
Looks like a stack of Looks like a stack of
platesplates
Stores, modifies and Stores, modifies and
packages proteinspackages proteins
Molecules transported Molecules transported
to and from the Golgi to and from the Golgi
by means of by means of vesiclesvesicles

9. LysosomesLysosomes
Garbage disposal Garbage disposal
of the cellof the cell
Contain digestive Contain digestive
enzymes that enzymes that
break down break down
wasteswastes
Which organelles do
lysosomes work with?

10. MitochondriaMitochondria
““Powerhouse of the Powerhouse of the
cell”cell”
Cellular respirationCellular respiration
occurs here to release occurs here to release
energy for the cell to energy for the cell to
useuse
Bound by a double Bound by a double
membranemembrane
Has its own strand of Has its own strand of
DNADNA

11. ChloroplastChloroplast
Found only in plant Found only in plant
cellscells
Contains the green Contains the green
pigment pigment chlorophyllchlorophyll
Site of food (Site of food (glucoseglucose) )
productionproduction
Bound by a double Bound by a double
membranemembrane

12. Cell WallCell Wall
Found in Found in plantplant and and
bacterialbacterial cells cells
Rigid, protective Rigid, protective
barrierbarrier
Located Located outsideoutside of the of the
cell membranecell membrane
Made of cellulose Made of cellulose
((fiberfiber))

13. VacuolesVacuoles
Large Large centralcentral vacuole vacuole
usually in usually in plantplant cells cells
Many smaller Many smaller
vacuoles in vacuoles in animalanimal
cellscells
Storage container for Storage container for
water, food, water, food, enzymesenzymes, ,
wastes, pigments, etc.wastes, pigments, etc.
What type of microscope may have
been used to take this picture?

14. CentrioleCentriole
Aids in cell divisionAids in cell division
Usually found only in Usually found only in
animal cellsanimal cells
Made of microtubulesMade of microtubules
Where else have we talked
about microtubules?

15. Quick ReviewQuick Review
Which organelle is the control center of the cell? Which organelle is the control center of the cell?
NucleusNucleus
Which organelle holds the cell together?Which organelle holds the cell together?
Cell membraneCell membrane
Which organelles are not found in animal cells?Which organelles are not found in animal cells?
Cell wall, central vacuole, chloroplastsCell wall, central vacuole, chloroplasts
Which organelle helps plant cells make food?Which organelle helps plant cells make food?
ChloroplastsChloroplasts
What does E.R. stand for?What does E.R. stand for?
Endoplasmic reticulumEndoplasmic reticulum