Ch 6 Political Parties for class 10 social.ppt

social, politics

2. Politicalparties
•A political partyis a group ofpeople who come togetherto
contestelections andhold power in the government. They
agree onsome policies and programmes forthe society
with a view topromote the collective good.
•partiesreflect fundamental political divisions in a society.
Parties are about a part of the society and thus involve
PARTISANSHIP.Thusa party is known bywhichpart it
standsfor,which policies it supportsand whoseinterestsit
upholds. Apolitical party has three components:
1.TheLeaders
2.TheActive Members and
3.TheFollowers

3. Functionsof a
Political Party.

4. 1.ContestingElections:Politicalpartiescontest
electionsApoliticalpartynominateitscandidatesfor
theelectoralcontestinvariousconstituencies.
2PoliciesPoliticalpartiesputforwarddifferentpolicies
andprogrammessothatthevotercanchoosefrom
them.Apoliticalpartybringsalargenumberof
similaropinionsunderoneumbrellaTheseopinions
arechannelizetoformpoliciesandprogrammes.
3MakingLawsPoliticalpartiesplayadecisiverolein
makinglawsforthecountrythelegislaturewhich
passesalawafterproperdebateAsmostofthe
membersbelongtopoliticalparties,soapoliticalparty
hasdirectsayinlawmaking forthecountry.

5. 4.FormationofGovernmentPoliticalpartiesformandrun
governments.Theexecutivebodyisformedbypeople
fromtherulingpartyVariouspoliticalleadersareassigned
differentministriestocarryoutthetaskofgovernance.
.5PlayingOppositionApartywhichdoesnotgetmajority
orcomeunderthemajoritycoalition,needstoplaytherole
ofopposition.
.6ShapingPublicOpinion:Politicalpartiesshapepublic
opinionTheydosobyraisingandhighlightingissuesin
thelegislatureandinthe media.
.7Accesstogovernmentmachineryandwelfarescheme:
partiesprovidepeopleaccesstogovernmentmachinery
andwelfareschemessinceitiseasytoapproachlocal
partyleaderthangovernmentofficer.

6. Necessity of the Political Parties
If there were no political party,then each and
every candidatewould be independent.
Currentstrength ofthe LokSabhais 543.
Imaginea situationwhennone of the 543
members can be broughttothink alikeona
particularissue.
This would lead toa totalconfusion.
An independentcandidate would always be
more interestedin the specific needs ofhis
constituency andwould seldom think aboutthe
larger interestofthe nation.
A political partyis necessarytobring diverse
peopleon a commonplatform, so thatbigger
issues can be takencareof.

7. Thedemocracy which is being practicedall over
the world is called representative democracy.
In this system,governance is done through
people’srepresentativebecause it is impossible
foreach citizentodirectly participatein
governance.
The need forrepresentative democracy has
given rise topolitical parties.

8. DifferentParty
Systems

9. •Insome countries,onlyone partyisallowed
tocontrolandrunthegovernment. These are
calledone partysystems.
•Forexample,inChina,only the Communist
Party is allowed to rule.
One Party System

10. •Insome countries,power is sharedbetween
two mainparties.Suchpartysystemis called
two partysystem.The UnitedStatesof
America andtheUnitedKingdomare
examplesof two partysystem
United Kingdom
United Statesof America
Two Party System

11. •If several partiescompeteforpower,andmore
thantwo parties have reasonable chanceof
winning,we callita multipartysystem. In Indiawe
have a multyparty system
Sincemulti partysystemtendto offermore
choicestothe voters,it is oftenconsidered
betterthanthe otherpartysystems.
Multy Party System

12. •A partythatsecures atleassix per centof
totalvotes inLokSabhaelectionor
Assemblyelectionsin four States and wins at
least fourseats in theLokSabhais recognized
asa nationalparty.
National parties are country wide parties
These parties have their units in various states.
All these units follow the same policies
National Parties

13. •A partythatsecures atleas6 per centof the
totalvotes in an electiontothe Legislative
Assemblyof a State and wins atleast two
seatsis recognizedas a Stateparty.
These are also called regional parties.
. Parties like the
I) Samajwadiparty,
II) Samataparty and RashtriyaJantaDalhave
national level political organization with units in
several states
State Parties

14. •Over the last three decades, the number and
strength of these parties has expanded
•No one national party is able to secure on its own
majority in LokSahha
•As a result, the national parties are compelled to
form alliances with state parties
State Parties

15. Challenges toa
Political Party.

16. Lack of internal democracy:There is a tendency
in political parties towardsthe concentration of
power in one or few leaders at the top.
Parties donot conductinternal election
regularly and ordinary members do not get
sufficient informationon whathappens inside
the party.
They do not have the connections to influence
the decisions
•Dynastic successionMost political parties do
not practice open and transparent procedures
for their functioning, there are very few ways
for an ordinary worker to rise to the top in a
party

17. In many parties, the top positions are always
controlled by members of one family.
This is unfair to other members of that party.
•Moneyand muscle power: The parties tend to
nominate those candidateswhohave or can raise
lots of money.
Rich people and companies who give funds to the
parties tend to have influence on the policies and
decisions of the party.
In some cases parties support criminals.
•Lack of meaningfulchoice:in order tooffer
meaningful choices tothevoters, parties mustbe
significantly different.

18. In recent years there has been a decline in the
ideological differences among parties in most
parts of the world.

19. Reforming
the
Political
Parties

20. •Theconstitutionwasamended toprevent elected members
from changingparties. Thiswas done because manyelected
representatives were indulgingin defectionin order to
become minister or forcashrewards.
•Thesupremecourt passedan ordertoreducethe influence
of moneyand criminals. Now,it is mandatory forevery
candidatewho contestselectiontofile affidavitgiving
details of his property and criminal cases pendingagainst
him.
•Theelectioncommission passed an ordermaking it
necessary forpolitical parties tohold their organizational
elections and file their income taxreturns.
.
Besides these, many suggestions are often made
to reform political parties:

21. •A law should be madetoregulatethe internal affairsof
political parties
•Itshould be made mandatoryforpoliticalparties togive
minimum numberoftickets,about one third of tickets,to
women candidates.
•There should be statefundingofelections.Thegovernment
should giveparties money tosupporttheirelectionexpenses.
This support could be given in kind: petrol, paper etc or it
could be given in cash on the basis of the votes secured by
the party in the last election.
Suggestions to reform political parties

22. Thank
You!

23. Defection:
Changing party allegiance from
the party on which a person got
elected(to a legislative body) to a
different party.

24. Affidavit:
A signed document submitted to an
officer, where a person makes a true
statement regarding his/her personal
information.