Chandigarh: grid iron pattern

This ppt covers a case study on grid iron pattern given by Le Corbusier model for the city Chandigarh

1. Grid iron pattern Case study: Chandigarh Submitted By: SATYAM RAI 151109031

2. Grid plan The grid plan, grid street plan, or gridiron plan is a type of city plan in which streets run at right angles to each other, forming a grid. The infrastructure cost for regular grid patterns is generally higher than for patterns with discontinuous streets . Cities like: Chandigarh, New Y ork C ity, Savannah, Tokyo, Barcelona, and Back Bay B oston

3. COMPARATIVE FIGURE GROUND DIAGRAMS OF ONE SQUARE MILE AREA

4. introduction CHANDIGARH, the Dream city of India’s first PM, Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru was planned by the legendary architect LE CORBUSIER . 7 V ’s road system is used The primary module of city’s design is a Sector, a neighborhood unit of size 800 m X1200 m. It is a self-sufficient unit having shops, school, health centers and places of recreations . The population of a sector varies between 3000-20000 depending upon sizes of plots and topography of the area CHANDIGARH is a City and a UNION TERRITORY in the Northern part of India that serves as the capital of the states of PUNJAB and HARYANA.

5. GEORAPHICAL LOCATION & LINKAGES It is located on the border of Punjab & Haryana.

6. HISTORY After the loss of Lahore, the idea of building a new capital for the Indian part of Punjab took form in 1948. Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru said “Let this be a new town, symbolic of freedom of India unfettered by the traditions of the past….. an expression of the nation’s faith in the future ”. The city is a product of Nehru’s vision. A need for the capital Rehabilitating refugees A center for governance A rich cultural legacy like Lahore A vision of the future

7. SITE SELECTION The present site was selected in 1948 taking into account various attributes such as Central location in the state proximity to the national capital availability of sufficient water supply fertile of soil gradient of land for natural drainage beautiful site with the panorama of blue hills as backdrop moderate climate. The site was the sub mountainous area of the Ambala district about 150 miles north of New Delhi . The area was a flat, gentle sloping plain of agriculture land consisting of 59 villages.

8. THREE DISCIPLINES Corbusier noticed three qualities in India T he discipline of money- as it was the period of post independence the project couldn't be made to a grand level and had to be made in a ideal budget. The discipline of technology-even with vast amounts of clay stone , sand Corbusier went for usage of rough concrete in capitol and central business district. T he discipline of climate- besides the administrative and financial regulations there was a law of the sun in India. The architectural problem consists; first to make shade, second to make a current of air[to ventilate], third to control hydraulics.

9. CORBUSIER’S PLAN H is plan was in grid-iron pattern surrounded by the two rivers in both the sides. T he unit was a sector instead of a superblock.(nearly 3 sectors made a superblock) T he basic framework of albert Mayer's plan were retained- capitol, city Centre, industrial area, parkland The city Centre and railway stations remained in the same locations the capitol was shifted from the north-eastern tip the to northwestern tip

10. CORBUSIER’S PLAN OF CHANDIGARH

11. LE CORBUSIER CONCEPT: HUMAN ANALOGY LE Corbusier conceived the master plan of Chandigarh as analogous to human body, with a clearly defined • HEAD (the capitol complex, sector 1) • HEART (the city Centre sector-17) • LUNGS (the leisure valley, innumerable open spaces and sector greens) • INTELLECT (the cultural and educational institutions), • CIRCULATORY SYSTEM (the network of roads, the 7Vs) • VISCERA (the industrial area).

12. LE CORBUSIER PLANNING STRATEGIES Planned with focus on urban design, architectural aesthetics, preservation of natural environment, conservation of buildings and open spaces, hierarchical road network. Divided the human functions into circulation, living, working, care body and spirit with strict zoning. City planning was against the traditional Indian cities Replaced the native Indian town plan into superblocks

13. SITE PLAN

14. CIRCULATION An integrated system of seven road types: V1 : Fast roads connecting Chandigarh to other towns V2 : Arterial roads V3 : Fast vehicular roads V4 : M eandering shopping streets V5 : Sector circulation roads V6 : A ccess roads to houses V7 : F ootpaths and cycle tracks Corbusier's conceptual sketch showing the v-road system

15. THE SECTOR The primary module of the city ‘ s design is a sector , neighborhood unit of size 800mtrs×1200mtrs Each sector is a self sufficient unit having shops ,school , health centers and places of recreations and worship The population of a sector varies between 3000and 2000 depending upon the sizes of plots and the topography of the area Convenient walking distance for social services like schools and shopping centers

16. THE SECTOR

17. DEVELOPMENT IN CHANDIGARH The city of Chandigarh was developed in 3 phases: Phase-I; Sectors 1 to 30 have been developed, it was completely developed in 1975. Phase-II; Sector 31to 47 have been developed, for accommodating population of 5 lakhs in combined . Phase III; Sectors from 48 to 56 has been taken up

18. GROWTH OF THE CITY

19. GROWTH OF THE CITY

20. GROWTH OF THE CITY

21. CHANDIGARH MASTER PLAN 2031

22. GROWTH OF CHANDIGARH The Chandigarh has become Hi-tech city by setting up of I.T. park. The Chandigarh being the regional center is hub of political and bureaucratic activities of the 3 neighboring states of Punjab, Haryana and Himachal Pradesh. The high profile education and health facilities are available in the Chandigarh, like Punjab Engineering College and PGI, York, Fortis. The Chandigarh has its tourist potential.

23. HIERARCHY OF GREEN SPACES A Hierarchy of Green Spaces can be observed in both the layout ranging from Public Greens at City Level to Semi-Private to Private Green Areas . City Level Public Green Space with Artificial Water Body Free- Flowing Green Space , connecting the entire site Semi-Private Green Areas for neighborhood pockets Private Green Areas for Residential Units

24. Cont.… The city landscape plan of the first phases showing the leisure valley and the swaths of green Spaces that also acts as flood control . A green sprawling space extending north – east to south – west along a seasonal rivulet gradient and was conceived by Le Corbusier as the “lungs” of the city. This valley houses series of fitness trails, amphitheater and spaces for open Air exhibition.

25. CLIMATIC CONSIDERATIONS Sun path during various seasons was studied . Rise of sun breakers(new version of sunshades / chajjas). Later honeycomb brick jalis were introduced . Building orientations were made sun friendly. Facades designed to keep sun out in summer and admit it in winters. Compactness through close spacing of buildings known as terrace housing . Light and air is drawn through front and rear of the buildings. Buildings have greater depth and narrow frontage.

26. Positive First modern architecture of Indian city planning Each sector satisfies the necessities of human needs Separate roads for pedestrian, bicycle and heavy vehicles Open spaces in front shopping centers Shops on ground floor, Residence on upper floor Shop protected from rain and sun, as a covered walkway for the customers

27. Roads being similar to each other creates confusion Brutal concrete gives a rough look City not planned for lower income people. Existence of slums around the city NEGATIVE