CHANGES OF STATE - Grade 10 Science.pptx

CHANGES OF STATE - Grade 10 Science

1. GAS LAWS Grade Level: 10 Learning Area: Science Teacher: Amena A. Rapista

2. CONTENT STANDARD The learners demonstrate an understanding of how gases behave based on the motion and relative distances between gas particles.

3. PERFORMANCE STANDARD The learners should be able to perform experiment that shows gas laws.

4. 3. these relationships using the kinetic molecular theory (S10MT-IVa-b-20) 1. volume and pressure at constant temperature of a gas 2. volume and temperature at constant pressure of a gas Learning Competency Investigate the relationship between:

5. Investigate the relationship between volume and pressure of gases at constant temperature. Calculate problem involving Boyle’s Law Learning Outcomes

6. BOYLE’S LAW BOYLE’S LAW Boyle’s Law states that the volume is inversely proportional to pressure at constant temperature. Its equation is V1P1 = V2P2.

7. But before we start.......

8. Energizer Quick Stretch & Shake (2-3 minutes) Have everyone stand up, stretch their arms, and shake their hands and legs for 10 seconds each. End with a deep breath in and out.

9. CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT

10. Classroom rules: 1. Be prepared 2. Be positive 3. Be productive 4. Be respectful 5. Be participative

11. Description: Students will work in groups to recall the symbols and common units for pressure, temperature, and volume by completing a table on a Manila Paper. This quick refresher prepares them for the upcoming lesson on gas laws. Activity Title : “Minor Throwback” Materials: Table to be completed posted on the board, sticky notes, pentel pen

12. Property Symbol Common Units Pressure     Temperature     Volume   Activity Title : “Minor Throwback” Instruction: 1. Recall the symbol and common units of the following properties of gases by completing the table. 2. Group 1 will work on pressure, group 2 for temperature and group 3 for volume.

13. Title: “MARVELOUS MARSHMALLOW” Materials: Syringe (50cc), Marshmallow Procedure: 1. Remove the plunger from the syringe. Place a marshmallow inside and reinsert the plunger. 2. Cover the hole with your finger. 3. Increase the pressure by giving the plunger inward push.

14. Title: “MARVELOUS MARSHMALLOW” Question: What happened to the size (volume) of marshmallow when pressure was increased?

15. Title: “MARVELOUS MARSHMALLOW” 4. Remove your finger from the hole and decrease the pressure by slowly pulling the plunger outwards.

16. Title: “MARVELOUS MARSHMALLOW” Question: What happened to the size (volume) of the marshmallow upon reducing the pressure?

17. Activity Proper: Analyzing Boyle’s Law Objective: Investigate the relationship between volume and pressure of gases at constant temperature. Materials: POGIL Sheets Pencil/pen

18. Activity Proper: Analyzing Boyle’s Law Objective: Investigate the relationship between volume and pressure of gases at constant temperature. Materials: POGIL Sheets Pencil/pen Procedure: 1. Read and analyze the models and answer the questions that follow.

19. Activity Proper: Analyzing Boyle’s Law Objective: Investigate the relationship between volume and pressure of gases at constant temperature. Materials: POGIL Sheets Pencil/pen Procedure: 1. Read and analyze the models and answer the questions that follow.

20. Model 1 – Pressure-Volume Relationship

21. Model 2 – Pressure-Volume Relationship

22. ANALYSIS QUESTIONS: 1.In Model 1, what does a dot represent? 2. What gas variables (Pressure, Temperature, Volume, Mole) are present in Model 1? 3. What will happen when pressure increased? What will happen to the volume? 4. What will happen when volume increased? What will happen to the pressure? 5. What will happen when pressure decreased? What will happen to the volume? 6. What will happen when volume decreased? What will happen to the pressure? In Model 2, what is the relationship between volume and pressure?

23. Criteria Outstanding(3) Satisfactory(2) Fair(1) Accuracy All answers are correct Some answers are not correct All answers are not correct Presentation The presentation was clear The presentation is not that clear The presentation is not clear Teamwork The group clearly worked together with each team member making an important contribution to the activity The group worked together sometimes and some of the members made important contributions to the activity The group failed to work at all Promptness The group finish before the allotted time The group finish in the allotted time The group finish 2-5 minutes after the allotted time Rubrics

24. BOYLE’S LAW BOYLE’S LAW Group Reporting

25. BOYLE’S LAW BOYLE’S LAW Boyle’s Law states that volume (V) of a gas is inversely proportional to pressure (P) as long as T and n do not change.

26. BOYLE’S LAW This inverse relationship is expressed as: V ~1/P (when n, T constant)

27. BOYLE’S LAW A mathematical constant is used to rearrange the two variables into an equality known as Boyle’s Law: PV = k (n, T constant) Boyle’s Law

28. BOYLE’S LAW If either variable is changed, the new PV value is still equal to the same constant (k); thus, we can set initial conditions (subscript 1) equal to final conditions (subscript 2):

29. BOYLE’S LAW P1V1 = P2V2 (n, T constant) another form of Boyle’s Law where in; Pressure is expressed in atm, mmHg, torr, pascal, kpa ; 1 atm = 760 torr

30. Conditions: l. Consider this form of Boyle’s Law, PV = k (n, T constant). Since k is constant, > What is the change in volume if pressure is doubled? a. V is unchanged b. V is doubled c. V decreased by one-half

31. Conditions: l. Consider this form of Boyle’s Law, PV = k (n, T constant). Since k is constant, >What is the change in P if V is doubled?
 a. P is unchanged b. P is doubled c. P decreased by one-half

32. Conditions: lI. Consider this form of Boyle’s Law, P1V1 = P2V2 (n, T constant). >What is the change in P2 if V1 is doubled?
 a. P2 is unchanged b. P2 is doubled c. P2 decreased by half

33. Conditions: lI. Consider this form of Boyle’s Law, P1V1 = P2V2 (n, T constant). >What happens to k when:
 a. P is increased and T is decreased? b. P is increased and T is increased? c. P is decreased and T is decreased?

34. a six - point scale called D-GRESA. D-Diagram G - Given R - Required E - Equation S - Solution A - Answer

35. Sample Problem What is the resulting pressure of the piston obtaining its initial volume and pressure: 1.0 L at 100 mmHg, after decreasing its volume at 0.5 L? The temperature remains constant. Diagram:

36. Given: Initial Volume V1 = 1.0 L Initial Pressure P1 = 100 mmHg Final Volume V2 = 0.5 L Final Pressure P2 = ?

37. Required: Final Pressure (P2) Equation: P1V1 = P2V2 Solutions: P1V1 = P2V2 (100mmHg)(1.0 L) = P2 (0.05L) P2 = (100mmHg) (1.0 L), cancel liters (0.05L) P2 = 200mmHg

38. Answer: P2 = 200mmHg - The final pressure of the piston increases as the volume decreases. The temperature remains constant.

39. Follow-up Problem 1. A sample of chlorine gas has a volume of 0.765 L and exerts a pressure of 0.760 atm. What is the volume at constant temperature if the pressure is decreased to 0.625 atm?( Express your answer in mmHg). 2. A sample of chlorine gas has a volume of 0.765 L and exerts a pressure of 0.760 atm. What is the volume at constant temperature if the pressure is decreased to 0.625 atm?

40. Solve this problem: A sealed syringe contains 2.00 cc of oxygen gas at a pressure of 14.7 torr. If the plunger is depressed and the volume is reduced to 1.75 cc, what is the pressure inside the syringe?

41.   Boyle’s Law Applications Picture   Boyle’s Law Applications Given the picture, explain the right visual representation that describes Boyle’s Law. If you have internet connectivity you can do some research.