Chapter 1 On Equality in Civics ppt for education

Equality in civics topic

1. Civics Chapter 1 – On Equality you will learn more about equality – what it is, why it is important in a democracy, and whether or not everyone is equal in India. This chapter introduces you to the concept of dignity. The government’s role in passing laws and instituting policies is also discussed. In the end, the chapter briefly describes an issue of inequality in the United States of America to highlight that this is a global phenomenon and a feature of many democratic countries.

2. SIGN of EQUALITY

3. Equality is about ensuring that every individual has an equal opportunity to make the most of their lives and talents.

4. Equal Right to Vote In a democratic country, like India, all adults irrespective of what religion they belong to, how much education they have had, what caste they are, or whether they are rich or poor are allowed to vote. This is called universal adult franchise and is an essential aspect of all democracies. The idea of universal adult franchise is based on the idea of equality.

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6. Equality in Indian democracy The Indian Constitution recognises every person as equal. This means that every individual in the country, including male and female persons from all castes, religions, tribes, educational and economic backgrounds are recognised as equal. The recognition of equality includes the following provisions in the Constitution: Every person is equal before the law. No person can be discriminated against on the basis of their religion, race, caste, place of birth or whether they are female or male. Every person has access to all public places. Untouchability has been abolished.

7. The demand of social equality arose in the 19th century against the aristocratic privileges, against slavery, against the capitalist and against social inequalities on the basis of race.

8. Steps taken by Government to Implement Equality The two ways in which the government has tried to implement the equality that is guaranteed in the Constitution is: First through laws Second through government programmes or schemes One of the steps taken by the government includes the midday meal scheme.

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10. Five types of inequality political inequality; differing life outcomes; inequality of opportunity; treatment and responsibility; shared equality of membership in the areas of nation, faith and family.

11. Articles 12-35 of Indian Constitution deal with Fundamental Rights. These human rights are conferred on the citizens of India for Constitution tells that these rights are inviolable. Right to Life, Right to Dignity, Right to Education etc. all come under one of the six main fundamental rights.

12. Article 14 of the Indian Constitution deals with equality before law and equal protection of laws while Article 15 declares that the state cannot discriminate against citizens only on the basis of religion, race, caste, sex and also place of birth.

13. Article 14 of the Constitution of India provides for equality before the law or equal protection of the laws within the territory of India. It states: "The State shall not deny to any person equality before the law or the equal protection of the laws within the territory of India.

14. Mid-Day Meal Scheme. ... In 2001 MDMS became a cooked Mid Day Meal Scheme under which every child in every Government and Government aided primary school was to be served a prepared Mid Day Meal with a minimum content of 300 calories of energy and 8-12 gram protein per day for a minimum of 200 days

15. The educational impact of the Mid-Day Meal program is both economically and statistically significant: average enrollment rates of Mid- Day Meal program beneficiaries are 22.68 percentage points higher than those of non- beneficiaries, all else equal.

16. One of the primary objectives of the Mid-Day Meal Scheme—the world's largest school feeding programme — is to enhance children's nutritional profile, thus having a positive impact on their health as well as learning outcomes. Nutrition, as we all know, forms the pillar for sustainable growth of the human body and mind.

17. The civil rights movement (also known as the American civil rights movement and other terms) in the United States was a decades-long struggle by African Americans to end legalized racial discrimination, disenfranchisement and racial segregation in the United States.

18. This act, signed into law by President Lyndon Johnson on July 2, 1964, prohibited discrimination in public places, provided for the integration of schools and other public facilities, and made employment discrimination illegal. This document was the most sweeping civil rights legislation since Reconstruction.

19. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibited discrimination on the basis of race, religion or national origin. It also stated that all schools would be open to African–American children and that they would no longer have to attend separate schools specially set up for them

20. However, despite this, a majority of African–Americans continue to be among the poorest in the country. Most AfricanAmerican children can only afford to attend government schools that have fewer facilities and poorly qualified teachers as compared to white students who either go to private schools or live in areas where the government schools are as highly rated as private schools.