Chapter 2 Lesson 1 The-Question-Concerning-Technology.pptx

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1. MIDTERM The Question Concerning Technology LESSON 1

2. At the end of this chapter, the students should be able to: discuss what technology reveals; examine modern technology and its role in human flourishing; and explain the role of art in a technological world

3. Technology is not the same as, not equivalent to the essence of technology. "the essence of technology is by no means anything technological"

4. But for Heidegger "Everywhere we remain unfree and chained to technology" This constraint is true "whether we passionately affirm it or deny it"

5. Technology as a Mode of Revealing According to traditional philosophy, we can ask the question of essence by asking " what " something is. Technology is -A means to an end - Instrumental definition -A human activity - Anthropological definition Both definitions are "correct" but the correct is not the same as true

6. Means to an End A thing that is not valued or important but useful in achieving an aim Example: - A computer is merely a means to an end.

7. REVEALING (a mode of being ) means that technological things have their own novel kind of presence, endurance, and connections among parts and wholes. They have their own way of presenting themselves and the world in which they operate.

8. Every bringing forth is grounded in revealing Thus Heidegger here makes clear that technology is "no mere means" but a mode or revealing, that is, of bringing forth into unconcealment - aletheia In this sense, techne is something poietic And as Heidegger emphasizes techne is also a kind of knowing or episteme .

9. Aletheia - means unhiddenness or disclousure Poiesis - bringing forth (for Aristotle, it means making or producing something for a purpose. - sometimes used to refer to poetry and composition Techne - the root word for technology, means skill, art or craft - it is a means of bringing forth something

10. Bringing Forth -is a mode of revealing the essence of something through means of writing, craftsmanship or other artistic processes.

11. Controlling technology We seek to master technology I.e., as Heidegger says, we seek to "get" technology spiritually in hand. The will to mastery becomes all the more urgent, the more technology threatens to slip from human control This is problematic in the event (and Heidegger will defend this point) that technology might be something other than a "mere means "

12. 2. Technology as Poiesis The essence of modern technology Not a bringing forth Instead it is what Heidegger calls a challenging forth into revealing POIESIS the activity in which a person brings something into being that did not exist before is etymologically derived from an ancient Greek term which means to make.

13. Modern Technology Both primitive crafts and modern technology are revealing But the revealing of modern technology is not a bringing forth, but a challenging-forth. It challenges nature, by extracting something from it and transforming it, storing up, distributing it, etc .

14. Setting Upon The setting upon characteristic of modern technology challenges forth the energy of nature as an expediting in two ways Unlocks and exposes (Physics sets nature up) And the economic: Maximum yield, minimum expense demands stockpiling

15. The result Heidegger calls Bestand : standing reserve which is far more than simply reserves that one happiness to have on hand Bestand - means "stock", "holdings", "assets", or the term Heidegger uses often, "standing reserve"

16. Examples of “setting upon” Hydroelectric power plant

17. Strip mining

18. Wind Mill

19. Heidegger’s Reference point

20. The Standing-Reserve Modern technology takes all of nature to stand in reserve for its exploitation Man is challenged to do this, and as such he becomes a part of the standing reserve Man becomes the instrument of technology, to be exploited in the ordering of nature.

21. Standing Reserve " the world has been framed as well as the standing reserve" is active in the case of a river once it generates electricity or the earth if revealed as a coal mining district or the soil as a mineral deposit

22. 3. Questioning as a Piety of Thought Normally, piety is associated with being religious . For Heidegger, however, piety means obedience and submission. I n addressing wha t technolog y ha s brough t forth , on e canno t he l p but submissive to what his/her thoughts and reflections elicit.

23. 3. Questioning as a Piety of Thought It is when we start questioning that we submit ourselves to our thoughts. This kind of questioning leads one to search for his/her place in the universe and in the grand scale of things. It is through this process that one builds a way towards knowing the truth of who he/she is as a being in this world.

24. 4. Enframing : Way of revealing in Modern Technology It is not man that orders nature through technology, but more basic process of revealing The challenge of this revealing is called, " enframing " In enframing , the actual is revealed as a standing-reserve This is "historically" prior to the development of science Enframing is the essence of technology

25. ENFRAMING means that way of revealing that holds sway in the essence of modern technology and that it is itself not technological in simple terms: it is as if nature is put in a box or in a frame so that it can be better understood and controlled according to people's desires "all that has come to prsence in the world has been enframed "

26. Example Steel is produced to be used in such things as the production of automobiles, and although steel is not the automobile, it is, nevertheless affected by the "coming into" of the automobile itself. ENFRAMING

27. Gestell means literally framing technology not comes to an end but rather a mode of human existence describes what lies behind or beneath modern technology

28. 5. Art as a way of Enframing Enframing as the mode of revealing in modern technology, tends to block poiesis The poetry that is found in nature can no longer be easily appreciated when nature is enframed Earth has become a gas station for us, then we have become enframed as well.

29. Causality - the idea that something can cause another thing to happen or exist Technology brings about change causally! The cause is what is responsible for the effect and the effect is indebted to the cause The unifying notion is that of starting something on its way to arrival Being responsible is an inducing to go forward

30. The Four Causes ( Aristotle's exploration of the fourfold nature of causality ) 1 . Material Cause - causa materialis 2. Formal Cause - causa formalis 3. Final Cause - causa finalis 4. Efficient Cause - causa efficiens

31. Causa efficiens For us today this is the exclusive meaning of causality Heidegger explores this in terms of language (our English word is indebted to the latin German: Ursache , Latin, Causa , Greek aition

32. Human Person Swallowed by Technology Though it is true that the individual takes part in the revealing of nature, limits must still be recognized. If we constantly plugged online and no longer have the capacity for authentic personal encounters, then we are truly swallowed by technology. If we cannot let go of the inconveniences and profits brought about by processes and industries that pollute the environment and cause climate change, then technology has consumed our humanity.