CHECKLIST-AND-RATING-SCALES ppt for college

Checklist and rating scale

1. CHECKLIST AND RATING SCALES

2. Rating scales Rating means the judgement of one person by another. A rating scale is a method by which we systematize the expression of opinion concerning a trait. Rating scale is a common evaluation tool used in describing observed skills and performance. In simple words, it consists of a set of characteristics or qualities to be judged and a scale for indicating the degree up to which the particular attribute is present . Rating scales resemble checklists but are used when finer discriminations are required .

3. A rating scale can be defined as "a standardized method of recording, interpretation of behavior, which is totally based on observation, strictly in line with the educational objectives".

4. Types of Rating Scales TYPES OF RATING S CALES Various types of rating scales that are commonly used are; Descriptive rating scales Graphic rating scales Numerical rating scales Behaviorally anchored rating scales .

5. These types of rating scales use descriptive phrases to identify the points on a graphic scale. the descriptions are brief details that convey in behavioral terms for each trait (how pupils behave at different steps along the scale). DESCRIPTIVE RATING SCALES

6. The descriptions may take the form of: Abstract labels-such as A, E, C,D, and E Frequency labels- such as always, usually, frequently, sometimes, never. Qualitative labels: superior, above average, average, below average . Observations of working hours Usually late Sometimes late Usually on time Completion of work assignment Usually late Sometimes late Usually on time

7. GRAPHIC RATING SCALE The rater indicates the performer's standing in respect to each trait by placing a check mark at an appropriate point along the line. In this , each line is followed by a horizontal line. The rating is made by placing a tick on the line. A set of categories identify specific position along the line, but the rater can also click between these points, here the degree of each character is arranged so that the rater can make you fine distinctions as he wishes to make.

8. In this, the extent or degree to which a particular attributes is present in an individual is indicated by numbers. The observer puts a tick or circle on the number to which the student possess that attributes. Each number is given a verbal description that remains constant for a particular character. It includes number against which a list of behavior is evaluated. NUMERICAL RATING SCALE

9. 1. Never 2. Sometimes 3. About Half The Time 4. Usually 5 . Always Or 1 . Outstanding 2. Above Average 3. Average 4. Below Average 5. Dissatisfactory

10. BARS is an acronym for behaviorally anchored rating scales, sometimes known as BES, behavioral expectation scales. BARS evaluates behavior relevant to specific demands of the job and provides examples of specific job behaviors corresponding to good, average and poor performances. This reduces the amount of personal judgement needed by the BEHAVIORALLY ANCHORED RATING SCORES

11. Rating scales should directly relate to learning objectives, they need to be confined to performance areas that can be observed. Three to seven rating positions may need to be provided. The scale may be made more objective, valid and reliable by getting a pooled rating from more than one observer. PRINCIPLES IN PREPARING RATING SCALES

12. • All raters should be oriented to the specific scale as well as the process of rating in general. • As errors are common due to subjective judgment made by the observer , rater should be conscious enough to avoid them. • A rating scale provides the instructor with a convenient form on which to record judgments indicating the degree of student performance . This differs from a checklist in that it allows for more discrimination in judging behaviors as compared with dichotomous.

13. Rating scales are easy to administer and score. They can be used for large number of students. They have a wide range of application. They give à clear feedback to the students. They are used to evaluate skills, product outcomes, activities, interests, attitudes and personal characteristics it is used to observe and record qualitative and quantitative judgments about observed performance . ADVANTAGES OF RATING SCALES

14. They tend to be adaptable and flexible. They are efficient and economical in the use of time They can help to reduce the subjectivity and unreliability that are usually associated with the observation method It will direct observation toward specific aspects of behavior. It will provide a common frame of reference for comparing all pupils on the same set of characteristics. It will provide a convenient method for recording the observer's judgments . Disadvantages of Rating Scales However , be careful, a degree of subjectivity is inevitable while using the rating scales.

15. A checklist is a grouping of items by which something may be confirmed or verified. It can be called as a behavioral inventory. It is basically a method of recording whether a particular attribute is present or absent or whether an action had or had not taken place. It consists of a listing of steps, activities or behavior which the Observer records when an incident occurs .

16. Use checklist only when you are interested in ascertaining whether a particular trait or characteristics is present or absent. Use only carefully prepared checklist for more complex kind of trait. Observe only one student at a time and continue your observation to the points specified in the checklists . Have separate checklists for each student . 5. The observer must be trained, how to observe, what to observe and how to record the observed behavior. 6. Checklists require the observer to judge whether certain behavior of student and clinical practice has been taken place. UTILIZATION OF CHECKLIST

17. Short and easy to assess and record. Useful for evaluation of specific well-defined behaviors and are commonly used in the clinical simulated laboratory setting They can be used for both process and procedure evaluation. They are adaptable to most subject matter areas. They allow inter individual comparisons to be made on a common set of traits or characteristics . MERITS OF CHECKLISTS