CHEM Study and CBA : Salient features, merits and demerits

CHEM study.
Chem study originated in 1960 at United States J.A Campbell was the project Director.
Chem Study employs inductive approach in which practical work precedes theory. The
main objectives of the course are
1) To diminish the separation between Scientist and teachers in the understanding of
Science.

2) To stimulate and prepare those high school students who planned to continue the
study of Chemistry in College in preparation for a professional career.

The materials produced under this project consists of a text, laboratory manual ,
teachers guide, two self instruction programmes two series of achievement tests,
26 basic films and 27 teacher training films.


Chemical Bond Approach (CBA)
CBA course was originated in 1959. Lawrence Strong was the founder of this
project. In CBA theory precedes practical work, ie, it is deductive in approach.
Important texts are Chemical system and investigating Chemical system. The concept of
bonding forms the central theme in C.B.A. The whole course is planned in such a
manner that experiments suggest the ideas to be tested and ideas to be tested suggest the
experiments to be setup.

2. 2
1.Science as a process
2.Process approach in science teaching
3.CHEM Study
4.CBA
5.Conclusion
6.References
7.Questions & Answers
➢Introduction
➢Main Objectives
➢Salient features
➢Material’s produced
➢Merits
➢Demerits

3. 3
✓Science is the drawing out of inferences from interaction
with experiences.
✓The method adopted in science in the exploration of truth is
unique and distinct from methods adopted by other subjects.
✓The process of science includes the procedures such as
observation, collection of data, classification, analysis,
synthesis, evaluation andapplication to new situations.
Science as a Process

4. 4
❑The process approach focuses on the learning of inquiry
skills more than specific content.
❑This approach encourages the students to generate meaning
and knowledge from experience.
Process approach in science teaching
❑The process aspect of science is emphasized in teaching of
science which is supported by psychological theories
proposed by :
Piaget (cognitive
constructivism)
Vygotsky (social
constructivism)
Gardner (theory of
multiple intelligence)

5. 5❖Several projects were designed in the teaching of
science taking into account the objectives of process
approach and anticipating integration of knowledge.
❖Courses in Chemistry such as:
❖These projects emphasized processes of science such as
observing, classifying, inferring and predicting rather than the
content of science.
Chemical Education
Material Study
(CHEM -Study)
Chemical Bond
Approach (CBA).

6. 6
CHEMStudy
Chemical
Education
Material
Study

7. Introduction of CHEM Study :
7
▸CHEM-Study (Chemical Education Material Study) is a
national chemistry programmefor American high schools.
▸Chem study originated in 1960 at United States J.A
Campbellwas the project Director.
▸CHEM-Study employs inductive approach in which
practical work precedes theory.

8. Main Objectivesof CHEM Study :
8
❑The main objectives of the course are :
❑To diminish the separation between Scientist and teachers in
the understanding of Science.
❑To stimulate and prepare those high school students who
planned to continue the study of Chemistry in College in
preparation for a professional career.

9. Main Objectivesof CHEM Study :
9
❑To guarantee the existence in the near future of a variety
of excellent high school chemistry texts significantly
influenced by CHEM Study, but produced under normal
author publisher relationships.

10. Main Objectivesof CHEM Study :
10
1.To update chemistry in the light of latest
developments in the subjects
2.To give students a good understanding of the subject
3.To organize content in unifying concepts and
principles
4.To provide some insight into modes of scientific
thinking

11. Main Objectivesof CHEM Study :
11
4. To provide opportunities for laboratory work, not only to
supplement the theoretical knowledge but also to
facilitate students in exercising scientific and critical
modes of thinking
5.To make students aware of the applications of chemistry
in everyday life .

12. Salient feature of CHEM Study :
12
▸The CHEM-study materials include
•a text,
•a laboratory manual,
•a teacher’s guide,
•ten films,
•programmed instruction in chemical arithmetic,
•objective multiple choiceand
•Unit & evaluation tests.

13. Salient feature of CHEM Study :
13
▸A series of 24 videosand
orelated teachers guides and teaching aids
ospecially designed to improve the teaching of high school
chemistry,
oand a correlation chart relating individual videos to specific
chapters of the most popular chemistry texts is available.

14. MATERIAL’S PRODUCED
▸Newsletter
▸Films
▸Student textbook (Chemistry and Experimental Science)
▸Tests
▸Programmed instruction materials
▸Student laboratory manual
▸Teacher's guide
14

15. Merits of CHEM Study :
15
1. It attempts to rectify the drawbacks of the traditional
chemistryby updating the content with light of new
discoveries.
2. It has led to the improvement in laboratory facilities.
3. The students have been able to learn through heuristic
method.

16. Merits of CHEM Study :
16
4. In-service training of teachers has raised the quality of
teachers.
5. The films (26 basic films and 17 teacher training films) have
been an integral part of the course.
6. The course stresses productive learning and thinking rather
than rote learning.

17. Demerits of CHEM Study :
17
1.Time consuming.
2.No. of questions in limited.
3.Content is related to CHEMStudy.
4.Results may be doubtful sometimes.
5.Content is specific, one cannot explore more.

18. 18
CBA
CHEMICAL
BOND
APPROACH

19. Introduction of CBA :
19
▸CBA course was originated in 1959. Lawrence Strong was
the founder of this project.
▸The Chemical Bond Approach was designed as an
introductory course in chemistry with emphasis on
laboratory experiments.
▸In CBA theory precedes practical work, i.e, it is
deductive in approach.

20. Main Objectivesof CBA :
20
❑To diminish the separation between scientists and teachers in
the learning of science.
❑To stimulate and prepare those high school students who plan
to continue the study of chemistry in college as a professional
career.
❑To encourage teachers to undertake further study of
chemistry.

21. Salient Features of CBA
21
➢Important texts are Chemical system and investigating
Chemical system.
➢The concept of bonding forms the central theme in C.B.A.
➢The whole course is planned in such a manner that
experiments suggest the ideas to be tested and ideas to be
tested suggest the experiments to be setup.

22. Salient Features of CBA
22
It has 5 parts in 18 chapters.
Part 1: The nature of chemical change
Part 2: Electrical nature of chemical systems.
Part 3: Models and Aids to the Interpretations
of systems.
Part 4: Bonds in chemical systems
Part 5: Order Disorder and change

23. MATERIAL’S PRODUCED
▸Newsletter
▸Student text (Chemical Systems)
▸Teacher's guide
▸laboratory guide (Investigating Chemical Systems)
▸Teacher's laboratory guide
▸Tests
▸Supplemental readings
▸Programmed instruction materials
23

24. Merits of CBA
24
❖Theory precedes practical work, i.e, it is deductive in
approach.
❖Throughout the project, emphasis was placed upon ideas
and experiments.
❖Stress was placed on operational and conceptual
definitions art.

25. Merits of CBA
25
❖Lawrence Strong believes that chemistry is now in a unique
position to introduce high school students to scientific
thinking.
❖"Evolving concepts, taught with the appeal of reason" are his
classroom goals.
❖The main objective was to get the student involved in the
process.

26. Demerits of CBA
26
❖Contains lots of error
❖More complicated in comparison to CHEM Study.
❖The word "bond" appears for the first time (unindexed) in a
heading on page 259 of "Chemical Systems.“
❖Very extensive revision was required at each stage because
the original central theme, that of the chemical bond.

27. 27 Conclusion
CHEM-study and chemical
bond approach are two
parallel courses in
chemistry.
They differ in their
approach.
CHEM study uses inductive
approachwhile CBA uses the
deductive approach practical
work proceeds in CBA while
the order is reversed in CHEM
study.
Students are allowed
to discover many
fundamental ideas and
relations in 12
chemistry.
The courses emphasizes careful
observations and quantitative
measurements under controlled
experimental conditions.
It stresses the preparation of tables for recording data. It involves
challenging discussions and questions, helping in the application of
principles, observed in the experiments to new situations.
CHEM-study experiments allow students to
make their own discoveries of the principles
which unify chemistry and make it easier to
understand.

28. 28
❖Books:
✓Teaching of Physical Science Theory, Perspectives & Practice(K. M. Rajan, Sindhu B. S., JosenGeorge, SibuG. Netto, SajanR.
K. )
✓The implementation of CHEM Study in British Columbia secondary schools : A Survey.
❖Web references :
✓CBA and CHEM Study: An Appreciation (Research Journal)
✓ED 012 239: A Review of new science curriculum materials. Dy-O’Hearn, George T. Wisconsin ststedept. of pub. Instr. ,
Madison
✓ED 012 251 : The New School, A report to school administrators on regional orientation conferences in science.
✓EDUCATION NETWORK : Science curricular projects-B.Ed. Notes
✓AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESISof TitleFeasibiltyof integration of selected aspects of (CBA) Chemistry; (CHEMS) Chemistry &
(PSSC) Physics into a two year physical science sequence.
✓Pedagogic Thoughts: CHEMStudy
REFERENCES

29. 29
QUESTIONS

30. 30
Questions No. 1
Which study course
employs inductive
approach ?

31. “
”
ANSWER NO. 1
CHEM Study

32. 32
Questions No. 2
Who was the
founder of the
project CBA?

33. “
”
ANSWER NO. 2
Lawrence Strong

34. 34
Questions No. 3
Name the various
process skills?

35. “
”
ANSWER NO. 3
Observation, classification,
experimenting,
hypothesizing, inferring,
predicting and
communicating.

36. 36
Questions No. 4
Which course provides
more opportunity for the
laboratory work and
develops scientific and
critical thinking?

37. “
”
ANSWER NO. 4
CHEM Study

38. 38
Questions No. 5
What is inductive
approach ?
(in this context)

39. “
”
ANSWER NO.5
Inductive approach in
this context is where
practical work precedes
theory

40. 40
THANK YOU !
~ADITYA ARYA
B.SC.B.ED. {CBZ} VI SEM.