Chemical-Safety.ppt basics and foundation

chemical safety

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Chemical SafetyChemical Safety
Joe Nail

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Introduction Introduction

What is a Chemical Hazard?What is a Chemical Hazard?
–Answer: Any chemical that can cause illness,
injury, or an emergency.

Chemical HazardsChemical Hazards
–PhysicalPhysical
–HealthHealth

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Chemical HazardsChemical Hazards

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Chemical HazardsChemical Hazards
PyrophoricPyrophoric
Flammable ChemicalsFlammable Chemicals
Combustible ChemicalsCombustible Chemicals
OxidizersOxidizers

5. OHSA’s Haz-Com StandardOHSA’s Haz-Com Standard
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OSHA’s Hazard Communication Standard is designed to OSHA’s Hazard Communication Standard is designed to
protect employees from hazardous chemicals used or stored in protect employees from hazardous chemicals used or stored in
the work setting.the work setting.
Also referred to as the "Right-To-Know Law" Law, the Hazard Also referred to as the "Right-To-Know Law" Law, the Hazard
Communication Standard requires that information and Communication Standard requires that information and
training (i.e., hazcom training) be provided to any employees training (i.e., hazcom training) be provided to any employees
who have the potential of being exposed to a hazardous chemical who have the potential of being exposed to a hazardous chemical
“under normal condition of use or in a foreseeable emergency.”“under normal condition of use or in a foreseeable emergency.”
Such hazcom training requires the presence of hazardous Such hazcom training requires the presence of hazardous
chemicals be communicated to employees in a variety of ways, chemicals be communicated to employees in a variety of ways,
including:including:

6. PurposePurpose
The purpose of the
standard is to make sure
that the hazards of
chemicals are evaluated
That information
concerning their hazards is
communicated to
employers and employees

7. Who is coveredWho is covered
OSHA’s Hazard Communication (HazCom)
standard applies to general industry,
shipyard, marine terminals, longshoring,
and construction employment and covers
chemical manufacturers, importers,
employers, and employees exposed to
chemical hazards.
Horizontal

8. HazCom RequirementsHazCom Requirements
The hazardous chemical inventoryThe hazardous chemical inventory
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs)Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs)
Labels, tags or signsLabels, tags or signs
The written Hazard Communication The written Hazard Communication
programprogram
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9. BackgroundBackground
The Hazard Communication Standard (HCS)
is based on a simple concept--that employees
have both a need and a right to know the
hazards and identities of the chemicals they
are exposed to when working

11. BackgroundBackground
They also need to know what protective
measures are available to prevent adverse
effects from occurring
The HCS is designed to provide employees
with the information they need
MSDS

12. EmployersEmployers
Employers are required to provide information
to their employees about the hazardous
chemicals to which they are exposed using:
–A hazard communication program
–labels and other forms of warnings
–material safety data sheets (MSDS)
–information and training

13. Warehouse and Retail OperationsWarehouse and Retail Operations
In work operations where employees only handle
chemicals in sealed containers, which are not
opened under normal conditions
Employers must only do the following:
–Ensure labels on incoming chemicals are not
defaced or removed
–Maintain copies of any material safety data sheets that are
received with incoming shipments
–Obtain MSDS a.s.a.p. for shipments received w/out MSDS

14. Warehouse and Retail OperationsWarehouse and Retail Operations
Provide employees with information and
training (no written program required) to the
extent necessary to protect them in the event
of a spill or leak of a hazardous chemical from
a sealed container

15. Labeling ExemptionsLabeling Exemptions
Other federal agencies control the labeling
requirements for the following substances:
–Pesticides
–Chemicals covered under the Toxic Substance Control Act
–Foods or food additives
–Distilled Spirits, tobacco
–Consumer products, lumber, cosmetics
–Hazardous wastes

16. Employer Requirements-Employer Requirements-
Written ProgramWritten Program
Employers must develop a written program
that covers at least:
–Labels and other forms of warnings
–Material Safety Data Sheets
–Employee Information and Training

17. Employer Requirements-Employer Requirements-
Written ProgramWritten Program
Employers must develop a written program that covers at
least:
–A list of the hazardous chemicals known to be present at the
facility along with MSDS’s for each chemical
–The methods the employer will use to
inform employees of the hazards non-
routine tasks
–The hazards of chemicals in unlabeled
pipes

18. Multi-Employer WorkplacesMulti-Employer Workplaces
If employees of other employers could be
exposed to hazardous chemicals the program
must include:
–Methods to provide contractor employees with on-
site access to MSDS for each chemical those
workers may be exposed to
–The methods used to inform other employers of any
precautionary measures to be taken for normal and
emergency situations
–The employers chemical labeling system

19. Consumer Products ExemptionConsumer Products Exemption
Any consumer product as defined in the
Consumer Product Safety Act where the
employer can show that:
–It is used in the workplace for the purpose intended
–The use results in a duration and frequency of
exposure which is not greater than the range of
exposures that could reasonably be experienced by
consumers when used for the purpose intended

20. Written Program AvailabilityWritten Program Availability
The employer must make the written program
available, upon request, to:
–Employees and their designated representatives
Where work is carried out at more than one location,
the program may be kept at the main location

21. Labels, Tags and MarkingsLabels, Tags and Markings
The employer must ensure that each container of
hazardous chemicals in the workplace is labeled,
tagged or marked with the following:
–Identity of the hazardous chemical
–Appropriate hazard warnings
This above labeling information is required of the
manufacturer so the employer must ensure that
the original labels from the manufacturer are on all
containers and remain legible

22. Container Labeling Exemption for Container Labeling Exemption for
Portable ContainersPortable Containers
The employer is not required to label portable
containers into which hazardous chemicals are
transferred from labeled containers, and which
are intended only for the immediate use by
the employee who performs the transfer

23. The employer need not
affix new labels to comply
with the standard if
existing labels already covey
the required information

24. New Hazard InformationNew Hazard Information
Manufacturers, importers,
distributors and employers
who become newly aware of
significant information
regarding chemical hazards
shall:
–Revise the labels for the
chemical within three months
–Revise the MSDS for the
chemical within three months

25. MSDS kept in other formsMSDS kept in other forms
MSDS may be kept in any form including
operating procedures
It may be more appropriate to address the
hazards of a process rather than individual
hazardous chemicals

26. Employee Information and Employee Information and
TrainingTraining
Employers must provide employees
information and training on hazardous
chemicals in their work area:
–At the time of their initial assignment
–Whenever a new physical or health hazard the
employees have not previously been trained about
is introduced into their work area
Training may cover categories of hazards

27. Employee InformationEmployee Information
Employers must inform employees:
–Of the training requirements of this section
(1910.1200 (h) Employee information and training.);
–Any operations in their work area where hazardous
chemicals are present;
–The location and availability of the written hazard
communication program

28. Employee TrainingEmployee Training
Employee training shall include at least:
–The means to detect the presence or release of a
hazardous chemical in the work area
–The physical and health hazards of chemicals in
the work area
–Measures employees can take to protect
themselves
–Details of the employers specific program

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Health HazardsHealth Hazards
Category A-Biological AgentsCategory A-Biological Agents
Category B-Physical AgentsCategory B-Physical Agents
Category C-Chemical Agents Category C-Chemical Agents
Chemical Agents-This DiscussionChemical Agents-This Discussion

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Chemical Health EffectsChemical Health Effects

Irritants: Inflame skin tissue on contact.Irritants: Inflame skin tissue on contact.

Corrosives: Corrosives: Destroy skin tissue at point of Destroy skin tissue at point of
contact.contact.

Sensitizers: Sensitizers: Cause allergic reactions.Cause allergic reactions.

Target-Organ Chemicals: Target-Organ Chemicals: Damage specific Damage specific
body organs and systems.body organs and systems.

Reproductive Hazards: Reproductive Hazards: Change genetic Change genetic
information in egg or sperm cells and/or information in egg or sperm cells and/or
damage fetus after conception.damage fetus after conception.

Carcinogens: Carcinogens: Cause cancer.Cause cancer.

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Health HazardsHealth Hazards
SensitizersSensitizers
Target-Organ ChemicalsTarget-Organ Chemicals
Reproductive HazardsReproductive Hazards
CarcinogensCarcinogens

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Health HazardsHealth Hazards
IrritantsIrritants
CorrosivesCorrosives

33. CorrosiveCorrosive
Visible destruction, or irreversible damage to
body tissue
Acids
Caustics (or bases)
pH Scale
1 147
Acids
Caustics
(or bases)

35. HepatotoxinsHepatotoxins
Chemicals which produce liver damage
Signs and Symptoms: Jaundice, liver enlargement
Chemicals: Carbon Tetrachloride, nitrosamines

36. NephrotoxinsNephrotoxins
Chemicals which produce
kidney damage
Signs and Symptoms:
Edema
Chemicals: Halogenated
Hydrocarbons, uranium

37. Neurotoxins Neurotoxins
Chemicals which produce
their primary toxic effects
on the nervous system
Signs and Symptoms:
Narcosis, behavioral
changes, decreased
motor function
Chemicals: Mercury,
carbon disulfide, lead

38. Agents which act on the bloodAgents which act on the blood
Decrease hemoglobin
function, deprive the
body tissues of oxygen
Signs and Symptoms:
Cyanosis, loss of
consciousness
Chemicals: Carbon
monoxide, cyanides

39. Agents which damage the lungsAgents which damage the lungs
Chemicals which
damage pulmonary
tissue
Signs and Symptoms:
Cough, tightness in the
chest, loss of breath
Chemicals: Asbestos,
silica

40. Reproductive toxins Reproductive toxins
Chemicals which damage
reproductive capabilities
Includes chromosomal
damage (mutations) and
damage to fetuses
(teratogenesis)
Signs and Symptoms:
Birth defects, sterility
Chemicals: Lead

41. Cutaneous hazardsCutaneous hazards
Chemicals which effect the
dermal layer of the body
Signs and Symptoms:
Defatting of the skin,
rashes, irritation
Chemicals: Ketones,
chlorinated compounds

42. Eye hazardsEye hazards
Chemicals which affect the eye or visual
capacity
Signs and symptoms: Conjunctivitis, corneal
damage, blurred vision, burning or irritation
Chemicals: Solvents, corrosives

43. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
are one of the most important tools
available to employers
for providing information, and protection
to workers from hazardous chemicals
which are used in the workplace.

44. 1910.1200 (g)(2) MSDS, 1910.1200 (g)(2) MSDS,
required informationrequired information
Identity of the chemical
Physical and chemical
characteristics
Physical hazards
Chemical hazards
Primary routes of entry
PEL’s or other exposure limits
Control measures
Emergency procedures
Whether the hazardous
chemical is listed in the
National Toxicology Program
(NTP) Annual Report on
Carcinogens
precautions for safe handling
and use
Date of preparation
Name, address and telephone
of the manufacturer

45. Material Safety Data SheetU.S. Department of Labor
May be used to comply withOccupational Safety and Health Administration
OSHA's Hazard Communication Standard,(Non-Mandatory Form)
29 CFR 1910.1200. Standard must be consulted for specific requirements.
Form Approved
OMB No. 1218-0072
IDENTITY (As Used on Label and List)Note: Blank spaces are not permitted. If
any item is not applicable, or no information is available, the space must be marked to
indicate that.
Section I
Manufacturer's Name Emergency Telephone Number
Address (Number, Street, City, State, and ZIP Code)Telephone Number for
Information
Date Prepared
Signature of Preparer (optional)

46. Section II - Hazard Ingredients/Identity Information
Hazardous Components (Specific Chemical Identity;
Common Name(s))OSHA PELACGIH TLVOther
Limits
Recommended %(optional)

47. Section III - Physical/Chemical Characteristics
Boiling Point Specific Gravity (H
2
O = 1)
Vapor Pressure (mm Hg.) Melting Point
Vapor Density (AIR = 1) Evaporation Rate
(Butyl Acetate = 1)
Solubility in Water
Appearance and Odor

48. Section IV - Fire and Explosion Hazard Data
Flash Point (Method Used)Flammable LimitsLEL
UEL
Extinguishing Media
Special Fire Fighting Procedures
Unusual Fire and Explosion Hazards

49. Section V - Reactivity Data
StabilityUnstable Conditions to Avoid
Stable
Incompatibility (Materials to Avoid)
Hazardous Decomposition or Byproducts
Hazardous
PolymerizationMay Occur Conditions to Avoid
Will Not Occur

50. Section VI - Health Hazard Data
Route(s) of Entry:Inhalation?Skin?Ingestion?
Health Hazards (Acute and Chronic)
Carcinogenicity:NTP?IARC Monographs?OSHA
Regulated?
Signs and Symptoms of Exposure
Medical Conditions
Generally Aggravated by Exposure
Emergency and First Aid Procedures

51. Section VII - Precautions for Safe Handling and Use

Steps to Be Taken in Case Material is Released or Spilled
Waste Disposal Method
Precautions to Be taken in Handling and Storing
Other Precautions

52. Section VIII - Control Measures
Respiratory Protection (Specify Type)
VentilationLocal ExhaustSpecial
Mechanical (General)Other
Protective GlovesEye Protection
Other Protective Clothing or Equipment
Work/Hygienic Practices

53. Setting up a programSetting up a program
The HCS covers both:
–Physical hazards (such as flammability), and
–Health hazards (such as irritation, lung damage, and
cancer)
Most chemicals used in the workplace have some
hazard potential, and thus will be covered by the
rule

54. Setting up a programSetting up a program
One difference between this rule and many
others adopted by OSHA is that this one is
performance-oriented
That means that you have the flexibility to adapt
the rule to the needs of your workplace, rather
than having to follow specific, rigid requirements

55. Make a list of all chemicals in the workplace
that are potentially hazardous
The best way to prepare a comprehensive
list is to survey the workplace
Identify chemicals in containers, including
pipes
Establish purchasing procedures so that
MSDSs are being received before a
material is used in the workplace
Setting up a programSetting up a program

56. Identify hazardous Identify hazardous
chemicals in the workplace.chemicals in the workplace.
Compile a complete list of the potentially
hazardous chemicals in the workplace
Determine if you have received material
safety data sheets for all of them
If any are missing, contact your supplier
and request one
You should not allow employees to use
any chemicals for which you have not
received an MSDS

57. Preparing and implementing a hazard Preparing and implementing a hazard
communication programcommunication program
All workplaces where employees are exposed to
hazardous chemicals must have a written plan
The plan does not have to be lengthy or
complicated

58. Employee trainingEmployee training
If there are only a few chemicals in the workplace,
then you may want to discuss each one
individually
Where there are large numbers of chemicals, or
the chemicals change frequently, you will probably
want to train generally based on the hazard
categories (e.g., flammable liquids, corrosive
materials, carcinogens)

59. DocumentationDocumentation
The rule does not require
employers to maintain records of
employee training, but many
employers choose to do so
This may help you monitor your
own program to ensure that all
employees are appropriately
trained
Hazard
Communication

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Recognizing Chemical Health Recognizing Chemical Health
Effects-What to Look for.Effects-What to Look for.
Symptoms appear while you are at Symptoms appear while you are at
work.work.
Symptoms get worse during the work Symptoms get worse during the work
week but go away when you are off.week but go away when you are off.
Fellow employees have reported similar Fellow employees have reported similar
symptoms.symptoms.

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Forms of Chemical HazardsForms of Chemical Hazards
Solids, Liquids, Gases, Vapors, Mists, Solids, Liquids, Gases, Vapors, Mists,
Dusts, and Fumes.Dusts, and Fumes.
Exposure RoutesExposure Routes

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Control of Chemical Hazards Control of Chemical Hazards
and Exposuresand Exposures
Engineering and Mechanical ControlsEngineering and Mechanical Controls
Personal Protective EquipmentPersonal Protective Equipment
Administrative and Procedural ControlsAdministrative and Procedural Controls

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Chemical Spill ResponseChemical Spill Response
Requires Special TrainingRequires Special Training

What can I do?What can I do?

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Chemical Spill ResponseChemical Spill Response
CFR 1910.120 Hazardous Waste Operations and Response Standard CFR 1910.120 Hazardous Waste Operations and Response Standard
(HAZWOPER)(HAZWOPER)
Option #1-Evacuate employees and call Option #1-Evacuate employees and call
in professional emergency response in professional emergency response
personnel. (EAP) 29 CFR1010.38(a)personnel. (EAP) 29 CFR1010.38(a)
Option #2-Respond internally. (EAP) 29 CFR Option #2-Respond internally. (EAP) 29 CFR
1010.1201010.120

65. Emergency Action Plan (EAP)Emergency Action Plan (EAP)
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66. Emergency Response Plan Emergency Response Plan
(ERP)(ERP)
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First Aid for Chemical ExposureFirst Aid for Chemical Exposure
IngestionIngestion
InhalationInhalation
Skin ContactSkin Contact
Eye ContactEye Contact
BurnsBurns

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ReviewReview
1. Give the names of the two chemical hazards.
2. What name is given to a chemical which will burst into flame when
contacted by air?
3. What term is given to chemicals which can cause and /or support fire in
other materials?
4. What is a health hazard?
5. Which kind of health hazard destroys skin on contact?
6. Chemicals that cause sterility, fetal death, and birth defects are called
____________.
7. What is a carcinogen?
8. Give the three states in which a chemical can exist.
9. Give the three ways employees can be exposed to health hazards.
10.What are the most common skin contact hazards?
11.What is an MSDS?
12.What kind of information is found on the MSDS?