Chemical Storage & handling for safety awareness ppt.pptx

safety

1. Chemical Storage Hazards and Risk Mitigation Jay Precision Products India Pvt. Ltd.

2. Chemical Storage What chemicals are needed? Where will chemicals be stored? What are the hazards associated with chemical storage? Have the hazards been evaluated? Storage facility design considered? What measures can be taken to mitigate risk?

3. Where are Chemicals Stored? Laboratories Warehouses Gas cylinders Hazardous waste Storage tanks

4. Chemical Storage Hazards Hazards depend on: Chemical quantity Chemical concentration Chemical properties State: gas, liquid, cryogenic Flash point, vapor density, vapor pressure Stability/reactivity Compatibility Reactive/water Pyrophoric Polymerization Forms peroxides Storage conditions Temperature and pressure

5. Chemical Storage Hazards Physical hazards Flammables, combustibles, reactive chemicals Health Hazards Chemical toxicants, carcinogens, Reproductive agents, corrosives, caustics

6. Physical Hazards 6

7. Taiwan: Silane fire Motech Industries solar cell plant in Tainan Industrial Park 1 death US $1.3 million damage Silane / air explosion Operator responded to gas‐ cabinet alarm Explosion occurred when he opened gas‐cabinet Fire burned for 1 hour before being controlled – Caused other SiH 4 and NH 3 cylinders to empty November 2005

8. Characteristics of Flammable & Combustible Liquids Flammable liquids : have flash points below 38ºC are more dangerous than combustible liquids may be ignited at room temperature Combustible liquids: have flash points at or above 38ºC Can pose serious fire and/or explosion hazards when heated OSHA Office of Training and Education

9. Health Hazards Acute Health Hazard Short-term exposure High concentration Acute injury or death Chronic Health Hazard Long-term effects Low concentration Carcinogens, organ damage, reproductive effects

10. Health Hazards Chemical Effects of Exposure Physiological Effect Arsine, phosphine Chlorine Concentrated HCL, H 2 SO 4 Liquefied nitrogen, CO 2 Benzene, vinyl chloride Shock, coma, death Lung damage, death Lung damage, burns Asphyxiation, burns Carcinogens Glycol ethers Plasticizers Organophosphate pesticides Reproductive damage Endocrine disrupters Neurological toxicity

11. Chemical Storage Hazard Analysis A nticipation—plan ahead for chemical storage needs R ecognition-identify the chemicals that will be stored E valuation-assess the chemical storage hazards C ontrol/risk mitigation-plan how the storage risks will be controlled or mitigated in the event of a release

12. Hazard Analysis Anticipation & Recognition Planning is cost-effective and saves time! Which chemicals are needed for processes? What quantities and concentrations are required? What are the chemical properties? Do any chemicals require special storage conditions? Pressure & temperature requirements/cryogens – Reactivity Containment compatible? Metal, glass, plastic

13. Hazards Analysis Evaluation What are the anticipated risks? Potential for an accidental release ? --Airborne emission of gases or vapors? --Liquid spill/groundwater contamination? --Community exposure? Process safety risk assessment? --Include evaluation of chemical storage --Considers consequences of spill/release Emergency response plan? --Personnel trained --Evacuation plan -Facility personnel and community --Communication with authorities Potential for theft or misuse? --Develop and implement a security plan --Communication with authorities

14. Design Considerations Good Chemical Storage Design Based on: Containment Maximize Containment Minimize Contamination

15. Design Considerations Chemical Storage Facilities STANDARDS/GUIDELINES USED IN THE UNITED STATES : International Building Code International Fire Code National Fire Protection Association American Society of Mechanical Engineers American Society for Testing and Materials American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers National Electric code

16. Design Considerations Chemical Storage Facilities Separate shelves/bays for incompatible chemicals Secondary containment for spills or releases Fire detection, alarms, and suppression systems Safety equipment (emergency showers, eyewash) Adequate ventilation General for facility Local exhaust for transfers Access controls Alarms/sensors

17. Design Considerations Chemical Storage Facilities Fire protection Sprinkler system Alarm system Fire barriers Extinguishers Explosion protection Light fixtures Switches Sprinklers

18. Risk Mitigation Warehouse & Laboratory Chemical Storage Separate incompatible chemicals – Oxidizers, corrosives, flammables Store large containers on bottom shelves Consider earthquake event Secure storage shelves to wall or floor Shelves should have ¾ front lip or rod 18

19. Risk Mitigation Warehouse & Laboratory Chemical Storage Secondary containment Contain 10% of volume or the largest container Lock up drug precursors and dual-use chemicals Limit access to authorized personnel Maintain an inventory Date reactive chemicals Inspect/test for peroxide formation Use Safety Data Sheets (GHS)

20. Risk Mitigation Warehouse & Laboratory Chemical Storage Flammables Provide only refrigerators and freezers approved for storing flammable liquids Provide flammable storage cabinets Self-closing doors Secondary containment Warning Signs: “FLAMMABLE — KEEP FIRE AW A Y ” N F P A 30-2008, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code

21. Risk Mitigation Warehouse & Laboratory Chemical Storage

22. Risk Mitigation Gas Cylinder Storage Secure (chain/clamp) all gas cylinders Store in well-ventilated area Provide protection from direct sunlight Consider awnings Separate incompatible gases Oxidizers, flammables, corrosives Screw down cylinder caps when not in use

23. Risk Mitigation Gas Cylinder Storage 23

24. Risk Mitigation Gas Cylinder Storage Store hazardous gases outside Area must be secured Fenced Secured gas pad Use vented gas cabinets for indoor installations Alarm systems Protect personnel Security measure Gas sensors Use for flammable, toxic, or asphyxiating gases

25. CSB Video: Compressed Gas Cylinder Fire

26. Risk Mitigation Tube Trailer Storage Alternative to tank storage for gases Inert gases-helium, argon, nitrogen Flammable gases-hydrogen, ethylene Risk Considerations Safety-eliminates tank filling activities Security-potential for theft and terrorism Control access to flammable gas tube trailers

27. Risk Mitigation Tank Storage Procure tanks that are compatible with the chemical stored Mild Steel Stainless steel Cross-linked HD polyethylene Consider potential releases Double walled tanks Lined tanks Containment Concrete Containment liners/coatings Security Fenced Surveillance-guards or electronic Ensure periodic inspection/maintenance Both tanks and containment

28. Risk Mitigation Tank Storage Example of large volume liquid nitrogen tank

29. Risk Mitigation Chemical Waste Storage Design Considerations Separate bays for incompatible chemicals Oxidizers, corrosives, solvents Secondary containment Grates Berms Facility Considerations General ventilation‐6 ACH Local exhaust ventilation Seismic Protection Secure area Restricted access Badge or key

30. Video – Fire at Apex Waste Facility

31. Risk Mitigation Drum Storage Drums are usually stored in warehouses or in hazardous waste areas. Ensure waste container is compatible with the chemical waste Use secondary containment Employ bonding and grounding for chemical waste transfer to drums

32. Risk Mitigation Drum Transfer Technique Bond containers Each container is wired together One container is connected to a good ground point to allow any charge to drain away safely Limit use of plastic containers to small volumes ( < 4L) No easy way to bond plastic containers

33. Risk Mitigation Control of Static Energy Bond wire necessary except where containers are inherently bonded together, or arrangement is such that fill stem is always in metallic contact with receiving container during transfer

34. Risk Mitigation Drum Storage Store drums in areas protected from moisture and high temperatures Maintain an inventory of drums Safety data sheets Label drum contents Date waste drums Test for peroxide-forming chemicals regularly Inspect drum storage areas Corrosion Bulging drums

35. Questions?

36. Acknowledgements Bailiff Enterprises, Inc. Houston, Texas Chemical Storage Tanks Direct Industries, Inc. Explosion proof switches, lights Interstate Products, Inc, Sarasota, Fl. Secondary Containment, explosion proof equipment Nederman, Inc. Chicago, IL Local Exhaust Ventilation Rae Systems, San Jose, Ca. Gas sensors, alarms Safety Equipment, Belmont, Ca. Gas cabinets