Choosing teaching methods in nursing dean.pptx

Nursing Education

1. Professor Shyama Prasad Mitra Professor, CM, IH&FW Choosing a teaching method for objectives and competencies

2. “When one teaches , two learn.” Robert Half

3. “Every teacher needs to improve not because they are not good enough , but because they can be even better”. - Dylan William

4. Learning objectives At the end of the session the participants will be able to: Define teaching and learning Classify & describe various Teaching Learning Methods (TLMs) Discuss Efficiency & Effectiveness of various TLM in different situations Mention the advantages / limitations of each Choose the right TLM for objectives

5. What is teaching? Interaction between teachers and students so as to bring about desirable change in students’ behaviour under the supervision of teacher

6. What is learning? A process that results in some modification, relatively permanent, of the way of thinking, feeling and doing of the learner

7. Objectives: Expected outcome of learning Competency: A measurable set of knowledge , skill & attitudes that a person needs to perform effectively

8. Selection of teaching learning methods Learning objectives Target audiences Size of the group Ability of the instructor Time available for instruction Budget allocation

9. TLM Irrespective of which method is used, one needs: Expertise in subject Communication skills Command on language Voice modulation Body Language

10. Teaching learning methods: Why so many?

11. TLM for large groups Lecture Panel discussion Symposium Seminar Conference

12. Lecture Advantages: For imparting information/knowledge Can address large groups , saves time By using multimedia - can show images/videos

13. Disadvantages of lecture: Can’t teach all competencies Passive learning Minimum student involvement If not interactive, students may lose interest

14. Often Lecture becomes - “A process by which information is transferred from the notes of the lecturer to the notes of students without going through the minds of either”. SIR JOSEPH BANCROFT

15. How to make lectures effective? Structuring the Content - Logical flow In the Beginning Get attention: shock, humor, question, story, facts Promote Active Listening

16. Aids for Lecture: Board/OHP/PPT Black board/White board

17. Overhead projectors

18. Multi Media A presentation using PowerPoint

19. Chalk board/White board Advantages Simple, Cheap Speed allows students to take notes Limitations Time consuming Difficult to display complex table/chart/diagram Difficult to face audience while writing on board Irritation due to chalk dust

20. Chalk board/White board Suggestions for Effective use Good illumination Ensure clarity in writing Don’t overcrowd the board: only key points Position of teacher

21. Overhead projector Advantages: Instructor can face audience Easy to prepare and cheap X-ray, CT may be shown Stepwise projection by masking Limitations: Must know how to use equipment & troubleshoot Room must be darkened somewhat

22. Overhead projector Effective use Computer Printing - colour or B/W Use 6 lines,6 words in each line, Alphabets 5-7 mm tall While teaching- show one point at a time

23. Power point presentation Advantages: Good for large rooms & audiences Can be creative Limitations: Expensive equipment Room must be darkened somewhat

24. Power point presentation Suggestions for better use Font size: >18 Avoid ALLCAPS Font style: Heading-Verdana , Text- Times Arial, Calibri Rule of 6 : 6 lines per visual & 6 words per line Use Short sentences & bullets Avoid light colours Use animation judiciously

25. Panel discussion A group of 4-8 persons meet under a moderator having a special knowledge about a topic Group sits in front of an audience & holds orderly & logical conversation on the topic After presentation , audience is invited to take part

26. Symposium A series of prepared speeches given by limited number of experts or spokesmen on various aspects of a common theme: Supervised by a chairperson Talks are short and to the point (10-15 mins ) No discussion between speakers Audience can interact after

27. Seminar An activity in which a group of persons engaged in research / advanced study of a subject matter meet under the general direction of an expert staff member for a discussion leading to an in-depth consideration of the subject/problem

28. Seminar Advantage In-depth study Student participation Disadvantages Only few students can take part Leader should be effective

29. Conference Held on a regional, national or state level Range from 1 day to even 7 days Use variety of formats to aid learning process

30. TLM for small groups Tutorial Group discussion Demonstration Workshop Role play Others

31. Tutorial Relatively small homogenous group meets under supervision of a tutor Tutor imparts training in interactive manner Feedback to learners Informal assessment may be undertaken

32. Group discussion A face-to-face mutual interchange of ideas & opinions between 5-20 members Structured can still be democratic regarding information , problem solving & taking decision a group leader initiates subject, help discussion , encourage everyone & sums up at end a recorder prepares report on issues discussed & agreement reached

33. Group Discussion Leader Recorder Participants

34. Group discussion Advantage: Interactive Learners discover own strength & weakness Disadvantage: Good for selected topics Time consuming Some students may dominate

35. Demonstration Carefully prepared presentation to show how to perform a skill or procedure Dramatize arousing interest Upholds the principles of learning by doing, Example: Lumber puncture, demonstration of oral rehydration technique to mothers have high educational & motivational value

36. Workshop Unique learning experience consisting of series of meeting at least four or more Emphasis on individual work Divided into small groups under chairmanship of consultants and resource personnel Finally some plan comes out in solving a particular problem

37. Role play Based on assumption that communication can be more effective if the situation is dramatized by the group The group members enact their roles Audience is actively concerned with the drama Maximum size of the group is 25 Audience may be invited to enact as thought proper by them after role-playing

38. Role play Advantage: Stimulates interest Present vividly Creates long lasting impression Disadvantage: More recreational than educational Time consuming Depends on students’ power of imagination

39. Bed Side Teaching/Ward Round Advantage Real life situation Disadvantage Time consuming

40. Effective bedside teaching Suggestions: Provide good teaching environment Involve students / Observe students Patient oriented & Not disease oriented Role Modeling

41. Self Directed Learning Advantage Better learner Confidence building Disadvantage Can loose track Lack of validation of content

42. Skill labs Hands on training- Practical labs DOAP : Demonstrate/Observe /Assist/ Perform Mannequins/Models/ Simulation devices

43. Aids for small group teaching: Flip Charts Advantage Provide a written record of points Disadvantage Limited writing space / changes are messy For Effective use Good illumination Position of teacher

44. Flash cards Advantages: Holds attention in group discussion Handy Can be reused Disadvantages: Needs skill

45. Flanellograph Flannel board and cutouts/ pictures/ text/ drawing Useful flexible aid –used stepwise Immediate use/repetition Inexpensive

46. Models & Simulation Devices Advantage Three-dimensional Disadvantages Often expensive Usable in small groups

47. Real objects & specimens Advantage Present reality, not substitutes Disadvantages Not easily obtainable Usable in small groups

48. Choosing TLM for a Competency Competency: Diagnose a case of pulmonary tuberculosis Objectives Domain Method of teaching Epidemiology M.tuberculosis Clinical features Knowledge Lecture: Power point, Video Bed-side teaching Laboratory diagnosis Skill Practical lab: Make sputum smear/ Stain/Microscopy (DOAP) Taking history Educating on prevention Attitude/Communication Role play / Field trip / Bedside teaching

49. Exercise Each group choose objectives, domains and Teaching Learning methods for one competency Time : 3 mins

50. Exercise : Choosing TLM for a Competency (KSAC model) Objectives Domains TLM Assessment What is injection, types Knowledge Lecture : Power Point/ video strip Bed side teaching SEQ, MCQ Counselling for injection Attitude/Communication Role Play/Bed side teaching OSCE Giving injection Skill DOAP/Simulation OSCE/OSPE Competency: Giving an injection

51. Thank you