Chronic kidney disease, the causes and treatment

This presentation focuses on chronic kidney disease it highlights the possible causes, treatment

1. CHRONIC
KIDNEY
DISEASE
Presented by MF KOMANE

2. KIDNEYS
•Kidneys are two bean shaped
organs
•They are located at the back
of the abdomen
•Most humans have two
kidneys but one can live with
just one kidney

4. Functions of a normal kidney
They filter out the blood by excretion nitrogen waste(urine)
Maintain balance of bodily fluids such as water
Balance the electrolytes which are minerals such as sodium and potassium

5. Chronic kidney
disease
•It is a gradual loss of the
normal functions of a kidney
overtime.
•This type of disease is often
irreversible and progressive

6. Healthy kidney vs abnormal kidney

7. Symptoms of CKD
Nausea &
vomiting
Fatigue &
weakness
Loss of
appetite
Shortness
of breath
Chest pains
Swelling of
feet &
ankles

8. Causes of CKD
Heart diseases
Obesity
Both type 1 and 2 diabetes
Hypertension
Other diseases

9. Stages of CKD
1. Kidney damage
with normal
Glomerular
filtration rate
2. Mild GFR
3. Moderate 4. Severe
5. End stage renal
disease

10. Manifestation clinical
Gastrointestinal
•Anorexia
•Nausea/vomiting
Cardiovascular
•Heart failure
•HTN
Neurological
•Changes in mental health
•Seizures and coma

11. Cont…
Hematology
•Anemia
•Weakened immune system
Reproductive
•Infertility
•Decreased libido
Masculoskeletal
•Muscle crams
•Bone pain and fracture

13. Diagnosis
•Urine testsTesting the urine for any abnormalities
•Blood tests these tests will analyze the blood for any high levels of urea
•Ultrasound and scanning
•Measuring the output of urine in the last 24 hours

14. Preventative
measures
•Take over the counter
medicine as instructed by the
health practitioner. For
example , for pain medication
do not take many pills for a
prolonged period, it may
damage the kidney.
•Avoid smoking.
•Maintain a healthy diet and
weight.

15. Management of CKD
•High blood pressure may be managed with some medication recommended by the
doctor to lower it and keep it to normal levels
•Medicine must be taken to lower the levels of cholesterol
•Supplement of the hormone erythropoeitinmaybe be taken to relieve symptoms
associated with anemia

16. Cont…
•Diuretics which are the medication to relieve swelling are recommended.
•Calcium and vitamin D supplements are good for Preventing weak bones
•A diet which is low in protein is recommended to prevent excess waste in the blood

17. Treatment of the final stage of CKD
•Dialysis-This process involves the artificial excretion of waste from the blood and
excess fluid. For example, in hemodialysis a machine is used which acts as the kidney
and filters out the blood and remove excess fluid.
•Kidney transplant-This involves a surgical procedure of taking a healthy kidney from a
donor( dead or alive) and placing it into a CKD patient.

19. References
•https://www.slideshare.net/JyotiGaver/ckd-ppt
•https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/chronic-kidney-disease-57726073/57726073
•https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/chronic-kidney-diseaseppt/52727908
•https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd-230799668/230799668
•https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/chronic-kidney-disease-74952132/74952132
Images
•https://images.app.goo.gl/ETmJuBH2d1ZCn9kVA
•Chronic Kidney Disease https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/chronic-kidney-disease-helen-fosam-phd
•https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-causes-and-risk-factors-for-CKD_fig1_354380202
•[ image of hemodialysis] https://images.app.goo.gl/CnFtquabN3cM9VK56
•https://www.news-medical.net/health/Anatomy-of-the-Kidney.aspx