chrysanthemum production technology .pptx

Here is a detailed description of Chrysanthemum:

Appearance

- Chrysanthemum is a perennial herbaceous plant that grows up to 2-3 feet tall.
- Its leaves are dark green, lobed, and serrated, with a distinctive bitter aroma.
- The flowers are the most striking feature, with:
- Large, showy blooms (3-6 inches in diameter)
- Petals that are typically white, yellow, pink, or red
- A prominent center of disc florets (tiny flowers)
- A delicate, papery texture

History and Cultural Significance

- Native to Asia and Europe, Chrysanthemum has been cultivated for over 2,000 years.
- In China, it symbolizes longevity, honor, and loyalty.
- In Japan, it represents the emperor and is a symbol of the country.
- In the US, it's often associated with fall and Thanksgiving.

Types and Varieties

- Over 40 species of Chrysanthemum exist, including:
- Decorative (large, showy flowers)
- Dendranthema (smaller, more delicate flowers)
- Hardy (perennial, comes back year after year)
- Korean, Chinese, and Japanese varieties

Uses

- Traditional Chinese medicine: used to treat fever, headache, and other ailments
- Food: flowers are used as a vegetable in Asian cuisine
- Ornamental gardening: popular for borders, containers, and cut flower arrangements
- Floral arrangements: used in bouquets and arrangements for special occasions

Care and Maintenance

- Full sun to partial shade
- Well-drained soil
- Regular watering
- Fertilization
- Deadheading (removing spent blooms) to encourage more flowering

Interesting Facts

- Chrysanthemum is the birth flower for November.
- It's also known as "mum" or "chrysantha".
- In some Asian cultures, Chrysanthemum tea is a popular beverage.

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1. B.M.college of agriculture Khandwa RAJMATA VIJAYRAJE SCINDIA KRISHI VISHWA VIDYALAYA GWALIOR Topic :- production technology of chrysanthemum 2 nd year 2 nd sem Subject :- Production Technology for Ornamental Crops, MAP and Landscaping ( HRT-222) Submitted to :- Dr. Smita Agrawal Dept. of Horticulture Submitted by :- T ushar D ahare Aman patel

2. CONTENT Introduction & Importance 1 Area And Production 2 Soil Climate And Varieties 3 Propagation and interculture operation 4

3. Chryseanthemum under open condition

4. CHRYSANTHEMUM Golden flower - National Flower Of japan Scientific Name: Chrysanthemum indicum , ( Dendranthema grandiflora) Local Name: Chrysanthemum Family : Asteraceae Origin : Northern Hemisphere of Europe and Asia (CHINA ) Pollination type Cross Pollinated Chromosome ratio: 2n=36,45, 47,51.

5. Introduction : One of the most important traditional flower Also Known as QUEEN OF EAST or Glory of East or Winter Queen/Autumn Queen Chrysanthemums generally symbolize longevity, fidelity, joy and optimism. Chrysanthemum = " Chrysos " means "Golden" and " anthos " means " Flower“ C. sinense , C. inicum , C. japonicum , C. ornatum , C. maxima are some species involved in theRanks 2nd after Rose

6. Importance : It is used as potted plant (pot mums), as well as, cut flower, and in Asia, even as loose flower . Tall grown plants are used for background planting in borders . Dwarf growing are used for flower beds and pot culture . Loose type flowers are useful for garland, veni , worship, etc . Long stem flowers - cut flowers for Bouquet, vase, etc . Extra large - Bloomed cultivars for exhibition.

7. Area and production : The chrysanthemum is one of the most important flower crops commercially grown in different parts of the world . In India, it is commercially grown in Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and Maharashtra . It is grown in on area of about 4,000 ha . In India, Area under cultivation - 17.89 ha, production

8. Soil : A well drained, sandy loam of good texture and good aerated . Good amount of organic matter should be contained . pH required is 6.5 to 7.5 . Being a shallow fibrous rooted plant, it is very sensible to water logged conditions .

9. Climate: A qualitative short day plant. The most important environmental factors influencing the growth and flowering of these plants are light and temperature. Temperature affect the rate of vegetative growth and flowering.Relative humidity suitable is 70 to 75%.Optimum temperature: 16 to 250C.

10. Varieties : Varieties for garland purpose: Eaggi , Basanti , Shanty, Indira, Rakhi , Red Gold, Birbal , Sahani , Vasantika , Sharad Mala, Meera and Jaya . Varieties for cut spray: Apsara , Birbal Sahani , Jayanti , Jubilee, Kundan , Purnima, Nanako , Riot, Arctic and Charlia .

11. Propagation : Propagated by vegetative means by suckers and terminal cuttings or micro-propagation . By suckers : The stem is cut just above the ground After completion of flowering which induces the formation of side shoots or suckers . These side suckers are separated from mother plant and planted in sand. The well rooted suckers can be directly planted to field. Terminal cuttings : The cuttings are taken from a healthy stock plant, 5-7cm long cutting are made removing lower leaves and half of the open leaves . The cuttings are dipped in the IBA (2S00ppm) or in Seradexl Keradex (rooting hormone) then planted in sand bed. Spacing: 30 X 30 cm or 30 X 45 cm.

12. Spacing : Usual spacing being kept in India is 20 x 30 cm 30 x 30 cm, or 40 x 40 cm/m2, however, the spacing of 20 x 30 cm gives best economic yield. , Rate of Planting : 1 to 1.25 lac cuttings / ha is ideal for obtaining proper plant population. Planting : Ideal planting time is April - June Plant first in the nursery beds, and then finally transplanting in the permanent beds after one month, followed by immediate irrigation . From the view of plant density of 32 cuttings per sq. m is reported ideal.

13. Nutrient Management: Heavy feeder for nitrogen and potassium Responds well to manuring, add 8-10 tones of well rotten FYM per acre . Apply 50 kg of nitrogen, 160 kg p205 and80 kg k20 as a basal dose. (50:160:80) Spray GA3 at 50 ppm at 30, 45 and 60 days after planting to increase the flower yield.

14. Irrigation Management : Watering depends on the stage of plant growth, thesoil type, soil moisture level, prevailing weather condition, and relative atmospheric humidity . Thereafter , these are watered at an interval of every 4-5 days in the summer season, however in winterthese maybe watered at an interval of 7-10 days. If rains delayed irrigation is given twice a week in the first month and subsequently at weekly interval. About 8-9 lit of water/sq.mt is required/day.

15. Intercultural operations : De-suckering For proper growth of plants, suckers are removed time to time. Weed control Done manually, normally 8-10 yearly. Control of soil is made loose porous to provide aeration . Pinching: Removal growing tips of the growing tips of the plant to induce the growth of vegetative laterals. Soft and Hard are the two types of pinching . Budding: Helps to increase number of plants . Dis-budding: Perform for large and decorative flower.

16. Harvesting : Depending upon the varieties, plant start yielding flower after 3-4 months of transplanting . Standard type chrysanthemum is harvested when fully open, but before central disc starts elongating . Spray cultivars are harvested when fully open but before the shedding of pollen, and pompons are harvested when the center of oldest flower is fully open.

17. Yield : One can harvest the flowers around 15 times. The yield ranges from 10 to 15 tones of loose flowers per acre . Yield of good quality sprays range from 1,00,001,20,000 from one ha area land . Raton crop: 4-5 tones per ha.Sprays - 1,00,000 stems can be obtained from one ha.

18. Pests: Aphids ( Macrosiphoniella sanborni ) Thrips ( Frankliniella sp .) Leaf Folder ( Hedyleta indicate ) Bud Borer ( Helicoverpa armigera ) Hairy Caterpillar ( Spilosoma oblique Termites ( Microtermes obsel ) Lesion Nematode ( Oratylenchus coffeae ) Bud and Leaf Nematode ( Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi ) Disease: Root rot: (Pythium spp or Phytophthora spp Leaf spot: ( Septoria chrysanthemella ) Fusarium Wilt: ( Verticillium dahlia ) Rust: ( Puccinia spp ) .Powdery mildew:( Oidium chrysanthemi )Viral disease:Chrysanthemum stunt Chrysanthemum mosaic disease

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