CL 1--Sec 1-Pt. 3 Basic knowledge modi 1.pptx

This class will cover…
The history of tobacco use from pipes, paper to vaping
The effects of ATOD ingestion on the brain and body (neurotransmitter response)
Blood alcohol content and how it affects behavior.
The Legal ramifications of impaired driving

1. Section 1 Basic Knowledge: Physical, Psychological, and Pharmacological Effects Class # 1 (Part 3) Exponents Center for Personal and Professional Development/DYSO

2. This class will cover… The history of tobacco use from pipes, paper to vaping The effects of ATOD ingestion on the brain and body (neurotransmitter response) Blood alcohol content and how it affects behavior. The Legal ramifications of impaired driving Objectives

3. Tobacco History 2.5 million years ago: In 2010 fossilized tobacco found in South America 1 BC: Native Americans begin to use tobacco 1 CE: Tobacco was readily available in Americas 600-1000 CE: First pictorial record of smoking Mayan pottery Sources: Imperial Tobacco Canada, tobacco.org, Physorg.com (November 20, 2010, “ Peruvian Diggers Find 2.5 Million-Year-Old Tobacco ”

4. Tobacco History Late 1400 ’ s: explorers “ discover ” tobacco 1500 ’ s: tobacco use spreads to Europe 1600 ’ s: tobacco grows in popularity & unpopularity Addiction Religion Tax 1700 ’ s: first American tobacco manufacturing (Virginia)

5. Tobacco History 1776:  AMERICAN REVOLUTION  Along "Tobacco Coast" (the Chesapeake), the Revolutionary War was variously known as "The Tobacco War." Growers had found themselves perpetually in debt to British merchants; by 1776, growers owed the mercantile houses millions of pounds.

6. Tobacco History British tobacco taxes are a further grievance. Tobacco helps finance the Revolution by serving as collateral for the loan Benjamin Franklin won from France--the security was 5 million pounds of Virginia tobacco. George Washington once appealed to his countrymen for aid to the army: "If you can't send money, send tobacco.

7. Tobacco History " During the war, it was tobacco exports that the fledgling government used to build up credits abroad. And, when the war was over, Americans turned to tobacco taxes to help repay the revolutionary war debt.

8. Tobacco History When tillage begins, other arts follow. The farmers therefore are the founders of human civilization.  -- Daniel Webster (1782-1852). Tobacco comes into use as "Country Money" or "Country Pay" in the colonies. Tobacco continues to be used as a monetary standard--literally a "cash crop"-- throughout the 17th and 18th Centuries, lasting twice as long as the gold standard.   

9. Tobacco History "So prominent is the place that tobacco occupies in the early records of the middle Southern States, that its cultivation and commercial associations may be said to form the basis of their history.

10. Tobacco History It was the direct source of their wealth, and became for a while the representative of gold and silver; the standard value of other merchantable products; and this tradition was further preserved by the stamping of a tobacco-leaf upon the old continental money used in the Revolution."  --19th century historian (DB)

11. Tobacco History 1800s: Women begin smoking in public Phillip Morris business Academics become concerned about tobacco ’ s health-related effects 1900s: Most states develop anti-tobacco legislation Lung cancer and smoking link: early 1900s 1940: Americans smoke 2558 cigarettes/year Winston cigarette commercial 1960-1970: independence promotion for women Virginia Slims cigarette commercials Sources: tobacco.org, J R Soc Med . Jun 2004; 97(6): 292–296.

12. Tobacco Arises from Nicotiana tabacum plant Contributes to an estimated 480,000 deaths a year in US Secondhand = 41,000 (CDC, 2014) Worldwide: ~6 million Secondhand – 600,000 (WHO, 2016) 1979 Surgeon General identified tobacco as the one most preventable cause of death

13. Tobacco Consumption Primary forms of consumption include: Cigarettes Cigars and pipes Chewing tobacco and snuff Hookah E-cigarettes not tobacco products, but FDA has oversight in U.S. since 2016 Differences in tobacco contents across the globe

14. The World is Up in Smoke Internationally, tobacco consumed in many ways: Manufactured cigarettes, available worldwide Cigarette use in the U.S. Most Expensive Cigarettes Cigars, smoked worldwide Reverse smoking e.g. India Informal YouTube video clip Top 10 Most Expensive Cigar#CF0 What a Pack of Cigarettes C#CE8

15. The World is Up in Smoke Electronic cigarettes An electronic cigarette or e-cigarette is a handheld electronic device that simulates the feeling of smoking. It works by heating a liquid to generate an aerosol, commonly called a "vapor", that the user inhales. Using e-cigarettes is commonly referred to as vaping .   What's Wrong with E-Cigaret#CFC

16. Components of Tobacco Smoke Generally, 4,000 different chemicals Tar Nicotine Gases 4000 Chemicals in Tobacco S#D26

17. Tar Sticky, black substance produced from burning tobacco ( Univ. Miami Med. School) Video: tar extraction (YouTube) Tars carry carcinogenic (cancer-causing) materials Tars contribute to chronic bronchitis

18. Nicotine A stimulant drug Increased heart rate Increased vessel resistance Increased blood pressure Decreased skin temperature (vessel resistance) Effects (YouTube, 2:34)

19. Nicotine A lay-mans explanation of the nicotine process How does nicotine work.webloc

20. Varenicline ( Varen + a + Clean) Smoking cessation aid It can be used as part of a support program to help people stop smoking. Brands:  Chantix, Chantix Continuing Month Box, and Chantix Starting Month Box Availability:  Prescription needed Pregnancy:  Consult a doctor Alcohol:  Interactions can occur Effects of Chantix (YouTube, 1:18)

21. Gases in Tobacco Smoke Carbon monoxide Colorless, odorless Binds to hemoglobin, preventing oxygen binding Oxygen-carrying capacity in blood compromised (YouTube, 1:57) Hydrogen cyanide Impairs cilia in bronchioles Nitrogen oxides Lung damage, perhaps leading to emphysema

22. Cigarettes Mature leaves are harvested, dried, shredded, remoisturized , aged in barrels Includes stems and leaf scraps Tobacco varieties are blended for flavor Chemicals added: flavor, maintain burn Rolled in paper (most with filters) What's in a Cigarette? (SHO#D03

23. Tobacco: Chronic Effects (CDC) Heart disease: 2-4 x increased risk Stroke: 2-4 x increased risk Lung cancer (13-23 x increased risk) Connections: many cancers, lung disease, reproductive issues, osteoporosis Cost of smoking ( Quitline , Australia) Cost of smoking.webloc

24. Cigars & Pipes Cigars Made with rolled, fermented, unshredded leaves Wrapped in a leaf Many shapes and sizes Hand rolling cigars

25. Cigars & Pipes Pipe tobacco Leaves are shredded and flavored Cigar and pipe smoke more irritating Less inhalation Generally, reduced lung cancer risk, unless smoking five or more cigars/day (American Lung Association)

26. Smokeless Tobacco Chewing tobacco After leaves are shredded, are treated with flavoring and moisturizing agents Typically, tobacco placed in mouth where it is held, chewed, sucked Snuff Placed in mouth Inhaled Orbs Placed in mouth, dissolves Smokeless Tobacco Products.#D35

27. Why is alcohol considered a drug? ALCOHOL slows down the body systems so it is a DEPRESSANT Alcohol changes a person ’ s PHYSICAL & EMOTIONAL state. What classification of drug is alcohol ?

28. WHAT IS BAC? Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) is the amount of alcohol in the bloodstream. It is measured in %. What affects your BAC! # of drinks How fast you drink Your gender Your weight Food in your stomach

29. At what BAC will your reaction time be slowed? .02 At what BAC will you lack concentration and have trouble paying attention? .09

30. What is the legal BAC Level if you are 21 or older? 21 AND OLDER: . 08 Zero Tolerance- Any detectable amount of alcohol if you are UNDER 21. 30

31. What is binge drinking ?   5 or more drinks in a 2 hour period 4 or more drinks in a 2 hour period MALES FEMALES A person can drink a fatal amount of alcohol before the effects set in. Why is binge drinking dangerous?

32. 32 What is a Hangover? Unpleasant physical effects following the heavy use of alcohol. y does this happen? The ethanol in the drink causes increase urine production = dehydration. Dehydration causes: Headaches Fatigue (weak) Dry mouth It irritates the stomach lining = nausea

33. How are the skills needed for driving impaired by alcohol? slows reaction time affects your vision makes you drowsy reduces your coordination affects your judgment The #1 cause of death among teenagers is motor vehicle accidents. Majority- accidents are alcohol related.

34. 34 What is the difference between DWI and DUI? DWI = Driving While Intoxicated No mental or physical function. BAC of .08 or more Police must prove impairment DUI = Driving Under the Influence Under then 21 it is ILLEGAL to have any alcohol in your system. The police does not need to prove that the minor is impaired, only that they consumed alcohol. If the MINOR is impaired they would be charged with a DWI.

35. 4 D’s = Impaired Driving Drowsy Drunk Driving Drugged Distracted

36. Your body requires 3 things: Water Food Sleep

37. Vital Role of Sleep and Safety Can you live without it? How much sleep do you require? How do you feel without sleep?

38. 1 in 3 Drivers (31.5%) Admitted to drowsy driving within the last 30 days! AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety 2015 Traffic Safety Culture Index

39. Drowsy Driving 5,000 – 8,000 fatalities annually 1.2 million crashes *NHTSA estimates

40. What is Drowsy Driving? Drowsy driving is an elusive behavior which is difficult to measure objectively It’s a profound impairment which mimics alcohol-impairment

41. Reasons Sleep loss from too little sleep Interruption or fragmented sleep Chronic sleep debt Undiagnosed or untreated sleep disorders Time spend on a task Use of sedating medications (or alcohol) Any one of these factors or a cumulative effect or combination of these factors increase the risk for fatigued-related crashes

42. Source: National Sleep Foundation

43. Who is Likely to Drive Drowsy? . . Males Teens and young adults College students New parents Shift and night workers EMS and Law Enforcement Health care workers Commercial motor vehicle operators People with undiagnosed or untreated sleep disorders

44. “Wake Up Call! Understanding Drowsy Driving and What States Can Do” 2016

45. Whether the offense is labeled “DUI,” “DWI” (driving while intoxicated), or “OUI” (operating under the influence), the consequences are generally severe. Though the specifics differ by state, penalties often include license suspension,  fines  and fees, ignition interlock device (IID) installation, and  jail  time. BAC and Legalities

46. DWI Penalties: Younger Than 21. If you're younger than 21 years old and you're caught  driving  with a BAC of 0.02% or higher, you've broken  NY's  Zero Tolerance Law . BAC and Legalities

47. DWI Penalties: Younger Than 21. If you're younger than 21 years old and you're caught  driving  with a BAC of 0.02% or higher, you've broken  NY's  Zero Tolerance Law . BAC and Legalities