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1. COURSE 319

2. Your teacher OTTO BAQUERO

3. Class Objectives Write a short autobiography 02 Get to know each other 01 03 Reflect on what we’re going to learn on th is course

4. GETTING TO KNOW YOU 01

5. Are these sentences true or false? Your teacher is Colombian. He studied at Cambridge University. He used to live in the USA. He’s single. He likes horror films. he wanted to be an ambulance driver. Getting to know your teacher What do you know about your teacher?

6. Activity Tell four people : Your name Where you were born What you are studying ( your major ) Where you are living and who you are living with now What countries you have visited Your favourite movie Something very few people know about you Try and remember what you classmates tell you .

7. AN AUTOBIOGRAPHY

8. Activity Complete the sentences about yourself . I was born in _________________. [ year and place] As a child , I loved __________ and I wanted to be a ___________. I went to ____________________. [ name of school ] I started university in ______________. [ year ] I’m studying for a degree in ____________________. In the future , I’d like to _______________________.

9. Activity Complete the sentences about yourself . I was born in 1974 in Ecuador. As a child, I loved collecting stamps and I wanted to be a collector. I went to elementary School in Venezuela. I started university in 1995. I studied for a degree in Languages and linguistics . In the future , I’d like to write a book .

10. An Autobiography I was born in Guayaquil in Ecuador. When I was two, I moved to Venezuela, where I lived for four years. As a child, I loved collecting stamps and I wanted to be collector, but my hobby was too expensive. When I was 7, my family and I moved to the United States and I went to school there while my parents worked for a church. When we returned to Ecuador, I finished high school here, and I decided to go to university to study languages. When I graduated, I worked as a primary school teacher, then high school. In 1999, I met my wife and a year later we got married. In 2001, we had our first daughter and the following year my second daughter. I started working for a university in2012, in 2015 I started teaching at a public university, teaching medical English. I started studying for a Masters’ degree in 2017 at UCG, and a year later I got a job at UEES.

11. Activity Write your own autobiography in one paragraph. BRAINSTORM and use your ideas to help you. Upload the text to the “My autobiography” forum. Add a photo if possible.

12. COURSE RULES 03

13. Creating texts We’re going to practise writing different types of texts such as emails and job application documents. What are we going to do on this course? We’re going to extend our vocabulary through reading texts, research and oral presentations and reflect on what we´ve read. Punctuation Reading and critical thinking We’re going to study the principle punctuation marks. Paraphrasing and summarizing We’re going to learn how to paraphrase and summarize. Review some grammar structures We’re going to review some narrative tenses, use of connectors and prepositions.

14. Mid-term exam Final exam Friday 31 st May Friday 21 st June Exam dates Note : You must come to the exams with valid ID – national ID, driver’s licence or passport. The photo on the ID must be clearly visible.

15. RULES You must attend clases and complete classwork on time. Class assignments must be submitted on time on BLACKBOARD. Every Saturday there will be a class oral presentations on various topics.

16. RULES You must be punctual . If you are five minutes late, you get a late mark (atraso) If you are more tan fifteen minutes late, you get an absence (falta). You cannot miss more than 4 classes.

17. RULES You should take notes during class . You must not use ChatGPT or Google Translate to write entire assignments, but you can use a dictionary. Any assignments that have clearly been done using AI technology will get or a very low grade. You must buy the licence for Highlights Library

18. CAPITALIZATION

19. CAPITALIZATION 1. Names of people Otto Baquero, Daniel Radcliffe, Zac Efron, Chayanne 2. Titles Princess Diana, President Lasso, Mr. Davis, Dr. Sanchez 3. Names of natural places the Andes, the River Guayas, Mount. Chimborazo, Lake Titicaca, the Amazon Rainforest , the Galapagos Islands 4. Names of countries , provinces , cities , towns and villages Ecuador, Loja, Guayaquil, Milagro, Cerecita 5. Languages and nationalities English, Spanish , Ecuadorian 6. Names of buildings and monuments the Eiffel Tower, the Statue of Liberty , the Empire State Building

20. CAPITALIZATION 7. Institutions and organizations Harvard University , Ecomundo ( school ), the Red Cross 8. Street names 9th October Street, Oxford Street, Park Lane , Charing Cross Road 9. Months of the year January , February , March … 10. Days of the week Monday , Tuesday , Wednesday … 11. Titles of books , movies , articles , songs and courses Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone, Mission Impossible , Girls Like You , English Structure 12. The first letter at the beginning of every sentence 13. The pronoun “I”

21. Activity Add capital letters to these sentences . montevideo is the capital of uruguay . people still speak guarani in paraguay . francisco pizarro was born on 16th march 1478. the day of the dead is a well-known mexican tradition . the longest river in the americas is the river amazon .

22. Activity Add capital letters to the text about a famous city in South America . buenos aires is the capital of argentina . the city is coextensive with the federal district ( distrito federal) and is situated on the shore of the rio de la plata , 150 miles (240 km) from the atlantic ocean. buenos aires is one of latin america’s most important ports and most populous cities, as well as the national centre of commerce, industry, politics, culture, and technology. according to tradition, spanish colonizer pedro de mendoza  established the first settlement there, which he named nuestra señora santa maría del buen aire (“our lady st. mary  of the good air”). buenos aires locals are referred to as porteños  (“people of the port”) because so many of the city’s inhabitants historically arrived by boat from europe . 

23. Activity Add capital letters to the text about a famous city in South America . B uenos A ires is the capital of A rgentina. T he city is coextensive with the F ederal D istrict ( D istrito F ederal) and is situated on the shore of the R io de la P lata, 150 miles (240 km) from the A tlantic O cean. B uenos A ires is one of L atin A merica’s most important ports and most populous cities, as well as the national centre of commerce, industry, politics, culture, and technology. A ccording to tradition, S panish colonizer P edro de M endoza established the first settlement there, which he named N uestra S eñora S anta M aría del B uen A ire (“ O ur L ady S t. M ary of the G ood A ir”). B uenos A ires locals are referred to as porteños  (“people of the port”) because so many of the city’s inhabitants historically arrived by boat from E urope. 

24. THE PRINCIPLE PUNCTUATION MARKS

25. Let’s eat Grandma . Wait. W hat?!

26. Let’s eat , Grandma . Alright.

27. A sentence is a complete idea. It is an independent clause . It contains a subject and verb , and ( often ) a complement . Examples : Mexico City has many exciting places to visit . Smoking Mountain is North America’s second highest volcano . It offers the best view of Mexico City. A lot of people drink coffee with cream and sugar . Sentences What is a sentence ?

28. Sentences are often much more complex . We can use connecting words ( conjunctions ) to link ideas so we get sentences with more than one subject or verb . These sentences have more than one clause . Examples : There are places for families to have picnics, or they can buy food in the park . One special dish made from stuffed chillies is called the “ independence dish ” because it has the same colours as the Mexican flag . Cortés had never seen them before , so he sent tomatoes to Spain . Sentences Compound and complex sentences

29. We can also use adverbs or adverbial phrases to give more details . They tell us when , where , how often , how or to what extent the event takes place. These can go almost anywhere in the sentence . Adverbs and adverbial phrases make the sentence longer . Examples : Often there is live entertainment , too . It has erupted several times in 2019 . In Mexico City, people usually eat three meals during the day . Sentences Adverbs and adverbial phrases

30. A run- on sentence is two sentences that have not been separated by a period . It is incorrect . Examples : Another popular Mexican food is the avocado this is often made into a kind of dip called guacamole.  Another popular Mexican food is the avocado , this is often made into a kind of dip called guacamole.  Sentences Run- on sentences

31. You can avoid run- ons by using a period ( or exclamation mark or question mark ), or adding a connecting word ( conjunction ). Examples : Another popular Mexican food is the avocado. This is often made into a kind of dip called guacamole.  Another popular Mexican food is the avocado, and this is often made into a kind of dip called guacamole.  Sentences Run- on sentences

32. Use a  subordinating conjunction . A run-on sentence can be fixed by connecting its parts correctly. There are several ways to connect independent clauses . The easiest way to fix a run-on is to split the sentence into smaller sentences using a period. This revision works especially well with longer sentences. Check, however, to make sure that this solution does not result in short, choppy sentences. Revision example : I love to write papers. I would write one every day if I had the time. Inserting a semicolon between independent clauses creates a grammatically correct sentence. Using a semicolon is a stylistic choice that establishes a close relationship between the two sentences. Revision example : I love to write papers; I would write one every day if I had the time . A comma, paired with a coordinating conjunction (e.g., "and," "but," or "or"), corrects a run-on sentence. This method emphasizes the relationship between the two clauses. Revision example : I love to write papers,  and  I would write one every day if I had the time. Turn one of the independent clauses into a  dependent clause . A subordinating conjunction (e.g., "because," "unless," and "although") connects two clauses to create a  complex sentence . This option works to cement the relationship between the two parts of the sentence and may improve the flow of the clauses. Example :  Because I love to write papers , I would write one every day if I had the time. Use a  period . Use a  comma  and a  coordinating conjunction Use a  semicolon .

33. Activity Correct the run- on sentences . I like coffee , I drink it everyday . The situation is getting worse , we don’t know when it will end . It’s important to be positive, the mind is a powerful tool . My city is beautiful in the summer many tourists visit it . You should do all the homework you get lots of points for those activities .

34. A paragraph is a collection of sentences about the same topic . Read the example paragraphs below . What are the topics ? A favourite place for many people in Mexico City is Chapultepec Park. Chapultepec means “ grasshopper hill ”. It is a large open park with many paths .. In Mexico City, people usually eat three meals during the day.Their largest meal , comida , is eaten at about 2.00 in the afternoon . Lots of different foods are available , but most Mexicans eat a mixture of Spanish and Indian foods . Paragraphs What is a paragraph ?

35. Activity Identify the connecting words in these sentences . Which are used with commas ? At first it belonged to Aztec kings, but it has been open to the public since 1530. When they are filled with meat , cheese , or beans , and fried , they are called tacos. If you are interested in the Aztecs , you can go to the Great Temple. One special dish made from stuffed chillies is called the “ independence dish ” because it has the same colours as the Mexican flag . Cortés had never seen them before , so he sent tomatoes to Spain .

36. D escribing people

37. Descriptive composition about a person should consist of: a) an introduction where you give some brief information about the person (his/ her name, time or place you met/saw him/her, how you heard about him/her) b) a main body where you describe physical appearance, personality characteristics and hobbies/interests/everyday activities in separate Paragraphs. c) a conclusion which includes your comments and/or feelings about the person. Such descriptions can be found in articles, letters, witness statements, novels, etc.

38. Points to consider Each paragraph starts with a topic sentence which introduces the subject of the paragraph. A variety of linking words should be used to connect ideas. To describe physical appearance, details should be given as follows: height/build, age, facial features, hair, clothes, moving from the most general aspects to the more specific details. e.g. John is a tall, slim man in his mid forties. He has a thin face, blue eyes and a large nose. His short hair is greying at the temples. He is usually casually dressed. To describe character and behaviour you can support your description with examples. e.g. Sally is very sociable. She loves going to parties and dances. If you want to mention any negative qualities, use mild language (tends to, seems to, is rather, can occasionally be, etc.). e.g. Instead of saying Saly si arrogant., it is better to say Sally tends to be rather arrogant. Variety in the use of adjectives will make your description more interesting. e.g. good-natured, well-behaved, gorgeous, etc. Present tenses can be used to describe someone connected to the present, e.g. someone you see every day. Past tenses can be used to describe someone related to the past, e.g. someone who is no longer alive, someone whom you won't meet again ... etc.

39. The first stage of the writing process is generating ideas ( creative thinking ). The Writing Process

40. Mindmapping is a powerful technique for generating ideas before writing a text . You start with the most important concept or the main topic in the centre. Then , you think about sub- topics . Finally , you include details for each sub- topic . Mindmapping What is mindmapping ?

41. Mind mapping Guayaquil History

42. Mind mapping Guayaquil People today Things to do Places to see History Food to eat Inhabited by the Huancavilcas Founded by Francisco de Orellana Bolon Encebollado

43. F irst writing Write a Descriptive composition about a person you know. Don’t forget to generate ideas. Correct punctuation, capitalization and the use of connectors. If possible, upload a picture of the person. Upload the final product to blackboard

44. Read the model composition and write down the topic of each pa ragraph. Underline the adjectives which describe physical appearance and circle the ones which describe personality.

45. Fil in the table with words from the list below. round, oval, ginger, of medium height, middle-aged, mole, teenaged, curly, blond, tall, wrinkled, thick, gray, tanned, frown, bald, just over six foot, slim, thin, scar, elderly, muscular, in his teens, well-built, in his mid-forties, overweight, curved, wavy, pale, crooked, freckled, dimples, straight, skinny, beard, shoulder-length, short, mustache, long-legged, round-shouldered, in his late forties, olive. Using words from the completed table describe your partner's physical appearance.

46. The man in the photograph is wanted by the police. Look at the picture and the text and try to fill in the missing words. ( audio file will be sent to the group )

47. Avoid beginning all sentences in the same way as this will make your composition boring. Use a variety of structures, trying to link the sentences together.

48. Rewrite the sentences by linking them together as illustrated in the previous examples.

49. Use the adjectives listed below to complete the character descriptions: honest, reserved, outgoing, frank, tactless, persuasive, trustworthy, fussy

50. Decide which adjectives describe positive or negative qualities. patient, boring, pessimistic, mean, ambitious, generous, mature, interesting, hostile, immature, friendly, impatient, tactful, good-natured, short-tempered, thick-skinned, easy-going, hard-working, deceitful, fair, shy, helpful, aggressive, reserved, outgoing, polite, cheerful P ositive N egative Choose any quality and write sentence justifying each quality then write a sentences describing the character of one of your relatives: My grandmother is very patient ; she takes time and care with everything she does.

51. Sentences can be linked together in a variety of ways. Read the examples and say see the words are used to link descriptions of similar qualities and which to join descriptions of opposing qualities. Similar qualities (both positive or both negative) She is kind-hearted . She is cooperative. She is kind-hearted and also cooperative. She is kind-hearted and cooperative as well . She is kind-hearted, as well as (being) cooperative. In addition to being kind-hearted, she is also cooperative. She is both kind-hearted and cooperative. Opposing qualities (one positive and one negative) He is usualy well-behaved . He can be naughty at times. He is usually well-behaved but can be naughty at times. He is usually well-behaved ; in spite of this/nevertheless/ however, he can be naughty at times. Although/In spite of the fact that he si usually well-behaved , he can be naughty at times.

52. Rewrite the following sentences using linking words/phrases from the previous slide. 1 He is humorous. He has a tendency to be immature. 2 He is kind-hearted. He can, on occasion, be absent-minded. 3 She is enthusiastic. She is cooperative. 4 She has a pleasant personality. She can be shy and unsociable. 5 He has a generous disposition. From time to time, he can be aggressive.

53. Linking Words of Contrast

54. Read the following extract and underline the correct linking words/phrases. Then list the positive and negative qualities mentioned. Why do you think there is no description of physical appearance?

55. You are going to hear a conversation between two company executives who are trying to decide which of the two people below should be promoted Read the information and try to fill in the missing adjectives, then listen to find out if your answers were correct.

56. Manner and Mannerism Instead of only using adjectives to describe a person’s character, you can also include examples of the way they speak/look/smile, etc. in order to give a clearer picture and to make the description more lively. e.g. His blue eyes light up whenever he sees his grandchild. Although the adjectives kind and affectionate could be used to describe the person, giving examples of mannerism makes the description more vivid. Read the following descriptions of mannerisms and match them with the adjectives below. shy, loving, vain, inattentive, aggressive Whenever Roger got involved in an argument, he would shout and become quite violent. Sue is often seen with her children, holding them close, stroking their hair and speaking softly to them. When everybody else is busy studying, Sheila spends her time staring at the ceiling, yawning and playing with her hair. She blushes when she talks to people she does not know, and her palms sweat. She always runs her fingers through her golden hair and admires her reflection in the mirror before she goes on stage.

57. Read the model composition and answer the following questions: a) Which phrases describe manner/ mannerism? b) What tenses are used and why? c) What are the writer's feelings about Archie?

58. O ral presentation: Prepare a one-slide presentation about aperson you know well/ USED LIMITED OR NO TEXT. SPEAK ABOUT: the 4 aspects of a description: Have a A catchy title . A n Introduction – the physical appearance - personality – hobbies – and your conclusion with a personal opinion (feelings – emotions – comments ) Use connectors and Use Manner/mannerinsm to add more details/ use adjectives and most of the new vocabulary we have studied. Send your presentation before class starts

59. M y best friend A person I will never forget.

60. H ighlights selection of books for the first term.