class X soil type formation and distribution-2024 (1).ppt

soil

1. Presentation for Class X
Soils of India (2)
Important Soil Groups: Formation
and Distribution

2. Alluvial Soil
Formation:
This is an ex situ or transported soil. This soil
is formed as a result of deposition of
sediments brought down by rivers, either
Himalayan or peninsular, on inland, coastal
and deltaic plains.
In terms of age it can be older (bhangar) or
younger (khadar). In terms of location it can be
inland alluvium, coastal alluvium or deltaic
alluvium.

3. Distribution:
Regions:
Punjab plain, Ganga plain, Ganga-
Brahmaputra delta, Brahmaputra
basin, east coastal plain (Mahanadi,
Godavari, Krishna and Cauvery
deltas) and west coastal plain (in
isolated and narrow patches).
States:
Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh,
Bihar, almost entire West Bengal
(except western part), plain region
of Assam, coastal Odisha, coastal
Andhra Pradesh and coastal Tamil
Nadu

4. Black Soil
Formation:
This is sedentary or in situ soil
formed as a result of weathering of
solidified basaltic lava or lava rocks
in semi arid conditions.

5. Distribution
Regions:
Deccan Trap and Kathiawad
Peninsula
States:
Maharashtra, south Gujarat,
Madhya Pradesh, parts of
Karnataka,Telangana,
Chhattisgarh and Odisha

6. Red Soil
Formation:
This is a sedentary or in situ soil
formed due to the weathering of
ancient crystalline and metamorphic
rocks of peninsular plateau under
conditions of sub moderate rainfall.

7. Distribution:
Regions:
Mysore Plateau, Telangana
Plateau, Dandakaranya Plateau,
Chotanagpur Plateau, Meghalaya
Plateau and Purvanchal Hills
States:
Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Telangana,
Chhattisgarh, western part of West
Bengal, Jharkhand and north
eastern states (except Brahmaputra
basin in Assam)

8. Laterite Soil
Formation:
This is a sedentary or in situ soil formed as a
result of leaching of lateritic rocks in areas of
high temperature, heavy rainfall and alternate
wet and dry seasons.
Leaching involves the downward removal of
lime and silica from the surface by percolating
rain water leaving behind a hard residue of iron
and aluminium oxides. The process is also
called laterisation.

9. Distribution:
Region:
Summits of Western and
Eastern Ghats, Shillong
Plateau, parts of Malwa
Plateau
States:
Goa, Kerala, Karnataka,
Tamil Nadu, Odisha, West
Bengal, Meghalaya, Madhya
Pradesh, Chhattisgarh,
Gujarat, Rajasthan
(everywhere in patches)