Class10_PoliticalScience_Chapter1_PowerSharing_Detailed_TanishBhardwaj.pptx

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1. Chapter 1: Power Sharing Social Science - Political Science Class 10 (2025-26) Prepared by: Tanish Bhardwaj

2. Introduction • Power sharing is the spirit of democracy. • Prevents conflicts and promotes unity. • Strengthens political stability.

3. Case Study: Belgium • Dutch: 59%, French: 40%, German: 1%. • Complex power sharing to maintain balance. • Equal representation for both major groups.

4. Case Study: Sri Lanka • Sinhala majority adopted majoritarianism. • Sinhala made official language. • Favoured Buddhism. • Ignored Tamil minority → led to unrest.

5. Belgium’s Power Sharing Model • Equal ministers from Dutch & French. • Separate govt. for each community. • Brussels had equal representation. • Community govt. powers on cultural matters.

6. Sri Lanka’s Problem • Tamils felt discriminated. • Demands for equality were ignored. • Civil war broke out → huge loss.

7. Why Power Sharing? • Avoids conflict. • Ensures stability. • Promotes unity. • Encourages participation & democracy.

8. Forms of Power Sharing 1. Among organs of government. 2. Among governments at different levels. 3. Among social groups. 4. Among political parties & movements.

9. Horizontal Power Sharing • Among organs: Legislature, Executive, Judiciary. • Each checks the other. • Prevents misuse of power.

10. Vertical Power Sharing • Among levels of govt. • Central, State & Local. • Example: India has Panchayats, States, Union Govt.

11. Power Sharing Among Social Groups • Minorities given special representation. • Example: Community Govt. in Belgium. • Reserved seats for SC/ST/OBC in India.

12. Power Sharing Among Political Parties • Democracy thrives with competition. • Coalition govt. is a form of power sharing. • Interest groups influence decisions.

13. Advantages of Power Sharing • Avoids tyranny. • Balances interests. • Maintains harmony. • Builds stronger democracy.

14. Disadvantages if Ignored • Leads to conflicts. • Civil wars & violence. • Weakens unity. • Threat to democracy.

15. Power Sharing in India • Horizontal: 3 organs of govt. • Vertical: Central, State, Local. • Social: reservation for weaker groups. • Political: coalition politics.

16. Important NCERT Point • Power sharing ensures that majority does not impose its will. • Minority rights must be protected. • Democracy means sharing power.

17. NCERT Question 1 Q: Why is power sharing desirable? A: To reduce conflicts, ensure stability, promote equality, protect rights.

18. NCERT Question 2 Q: State one difference between Belgium and Sri Lanka. A: Belgium respected diversity → unity. Sri Lanka ignored diversity → conflict.

19. Extra Question Q: Define majoritarianism. A: Belief that majority community should rule, ignoring minority needs.

20. Extra Question Q: Give two forms of power sharing in modern democracies. A: Horizontal (organs of govt.), Vertical (levels of govt.).

21. Mind Map • Belgium – accommodation • Sri Lanka – majoritarianism • Forms: horizontal, vertical, social, political • Importance: stability, unity, democracy

22. Conclusion • Power sharing = essence of democracy. • Promotes peace, harmony, participation. • Ensures unity in diversity.

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