Classical Conditioning (9-1-21) upload.pptx

This presentation is all about Classical Conditioning, its components as well as lots of real world examples.

1. Behaviorism and Classical Conditioning

2. What Behaviorists are trying to figure out: How much does our environment affect our behavior?

3. Your thoughts and feelings do not matter!!! Because they do not determine your behavior!!!

4. Behaviorism STIMULUS RESPONSE Internal states do not matter We can’t measure that

5. Basic Assumptions Internal Processes Learning = Behavior Change

6. The behavioral approach Objective observations: Focus on observable , overt behavior How would a behaviorist study hunger?

7. What can we observe? The stimuli that proceed the behavior Examples: lecture, food The observable behavior itself Responses to stimuli

8. Basic Assumptions Internal Processes Learning = Behavior Change S-R Psychology

9. Basic Assumptions Internal Processes Learning = Behavior Change S-R Psychology Equipotentiality Organisms are Blank Slates Learning from Environment Parsimonious Theories

10. Ivan Pavlov Physiologist Measuring salivation Serendipitous findings

11. Classical Conditioning Also called Pavlovian or Respondent conditioning Association between two or more events Definition: The presentation of two or more events in an experimentally determined temporal relationship

12. Classical Conditioning

13. Classical Conditioning This reflex was “psychological” because it was based on the dog’s previous experiences.

14. Elements of Classical Conditioning Unconditioned stimulus (UCS) Event that regularly elicits (leads to) a certain response “without having been learned” Unconditioned response (UCR) (reflex) Response elicited by UCS Conditional stimulus (CS) Previously neutral stimulus – elicited no response beyond orienting response Conditional response (CR) Response to CS

15. + = = =

16. Concept Check: A musical tone is played, then a puff of air is blown into a rabbit’s eye. After several repetitions of this procedure, the rabbit closes its eye when the musical tone is played. Look in your notes and see if you can answer the questions.

17. Concept Check: A musical tone is played, then a puff of air is blown into a rabbit’s eye. After several repetitions of this procedure, the rabbit closes its eye when the musical tone is played. What are the: UCS UCR Neutral Stimulus/CS And CR? – Air puff – Closing eye – Musical tone – Closing eye

18. What factors affect conditioning?

19. What factors affect conditioning? Number of pairings – The more pairings of the CS and the US, the stronger the conditioning Timing – next slide

20. Timing Order of Pairings: Delayed Trace Simultaneous Backward

21. Variables Influencing Conditioning Nature of the CR Most of the time, they are same as the UR, though often not as strong Nature of the US Intensity The Role of the CS Detection Novelty ( CS preexposure effect)

22. Stimulus Generalization Discrimination

23. Why is generalization important? Makes it unnecessary to learn the significance of every stimuli in the environment

24. Why is generalization important? Makes it unnecessary to learn the significance of every stimuli in the environment Why might generalization sometimes be counter-productive?

25. Ever need to pee while trying on pants at a retail location? VIDEO

26. Do you have examples?

27. Pavlov gets fancy: Higher (Second) Order conditioning We pair a CS 1 (bell) with a US (food) Then a new CS 2 (buzzer) is paired with CS 1 (bell) CS 2 acquires CS properties without ever being paired with US!

28. Example: Put pictures in here Money is a conditioned stimulus The food that you buy with it is US Birthday cards are a conditioned stimulus of a higher order because you have never bought anything with a birthday card.

29. John Watson Showed that Pavlov’s Classical Conditioning would work on humans’ emotions

30. Conditioned Emotional Response

31. Watson’s Laws Law of Frequency Law of Recency

32. Want to play a trick on your friends? VIDEO VIDEO