Classification of Matter

Presented by Sharon Williams in the ACT2 strand at CAST 2010, Houston, Texas.

1. PROPERTIES PROPERTIES
OF MATTEROF MATTER

2. ObjectivesObjectives

Define matter.Define matter.

Explain the gas, liquid, and solid states of matter in terms of particles.Explain the gas, liquid, and solid states of matter in terms of particles.

Distinguish between the physical properties and chemical properties of Distinguish between the physical properties and chemical properties of
matter.matter.

Classify Changes of matter as physical or chemical.Classify Changes of matter as physical or chemical.

Distinguish between a mixture and a pure substance.Distinguish between a mixture and a pure substance.

Identify the chemical symbols of elements, and name elements, given Identify the chemical symbols of elements, and name elements, given
their symbols.their symbols.

Identify important families of elements on the periodic table.Identify important families of elements on the periodic table.
TEKS: 2A,2D,2E,3B,3C,3D,3E,4A,4B,4C,4D,5A,11A,11BTEKS: 2A,2D,2E,3B,3C,3D,3E,4A,4B,4C,4D,5A,11A,11B

3. Definition of MatterDefinition of Matter
The two properties of matter are:
•Mass – amount of matter
•Volume – amount of space occupied
•Therefore…matter is anything that has
mass and takes up space.

4. States of MatterStates of Matter
Solid – Solid – definite shape and volumedefinite shape and volume
Liquid – Liquid – definite volume, and takes the shape definite volume, and takes the shape
of the containerof the container
Gas – Gas – takes the shape and volume of the takes the shape and volume of the
containercontainer
Plasma – Plasma – a collection of high energy ions and a collection of high energy ions and
electrons.electrons.

5. Physical ChangesPhysical Changes

Physical changePhysical change
alters the alters the
substance without substance without
changing its changing its
composition or composition or
chemical identity.chemical identity.

Boil, melt, cut, Boil, melt, cut,
break, split, grind, break, split, grind,
crush, bend, crush, bend,
condense, freeze, condense, freeze,
dissolve and crack dissolve and crack
are examples of are examples of
physical changes.physical changes.

6. PhysicalPhysical PropertiesProperties

A A physical propertyphysical property is a condition is a condition
that can be measured or observed that can be measured or observed
without changing the identity of without changing the identity of
the substance.the substance.
Examples of physical properties Examples of physical properties
include color, solubility, odor, include color, solubility, odor,
hardness, density, melting point hardness, density, melting point
and boiling point, etc.and boiling point, etc.

7. Chemical PropertiesChemical Properties
The ability of a substance to The ability of a substance to
undergo a chemical reaction to undergo a chemical reaction to
form a new substance is called a form a new substance is called a
chemical propertychemical property. Chemical . Chemical
properties are observed when a properties are observed when a
substance undergoes a chemical substance undergoes a chemical
change.change.

8. Chemical ChangeChemical Change

A change in which one or more A change in which one or more
substances are converted into different substances are converted into different
substances is called a substances is called a chemical changechemical change
or chemical reaction.or chemical reaction.
C + OC + O
22 COCO
22
(reactants) (product)(reactants) (product)

9. Look for terms such as . . .Look for terms such as . . .
burn burn
rotrot
rustrust
decompose decompose
ferment ferment
explode explode
oxidize oxidize
corrode corrode
grow grow

precipitateprecipitate

gas formationgas formation

digestdigest

10. Classifying PropertiesClassifying Properties

Both physical and chemical Both physical and chemical
properties can be classified as properties can be classified as
being either being either extensiveextensive or or intensiveintensive
properties.properties.

11. Extensive vs. IntensiveExtensive vs. Intensive
Extensive PropertiesExtensive Properties

Depend on the amount Depend on the amount
of matter presentof matter present
Mass, volume, length, Mass, volume, length,
height, amount of height, amount of
energy, etc.energy, etc.
Intensive PropertiesIntensive Properties
Do not depend on the Do not depend on the
amount of matter amount of matter
presentpresent
Density, boiling point, Density, boiling point,
melting point, color, melting point, color,
ability to conduct ability to conduct
electricity, etc.electricity, etc.

12. Classifying MatterClassifying Matter

Matter is classified by the number of Matter is classified by the number of
phases it contains. phases it contains.
Any part of a system with uniform
composition and properties is called a
phase.

Matter can be classified as either Matter can be classified as either
Homogeneous or Heterogeneous.Homogeneous or Heterogeneous.

13. Homogeneous & Homogeneous &
HeterogeneousHeterogeneous
Homo = same Hetero = different
•Homogeneous
materials exist in
only one phase.
•Heterogeneous
materials contain
more than one phase.
•Includes solutions,
compound &
elements
•Heterogeneous
materials are all
mixtures

14. MixturesMixtures
MixturesMixtures are a physical blend of 2 or more are a physical blend of 2 or more
kinds of matter.kinds of matter.

Mixtures can be either homogeneous Mixtures can be either homogeneous
(solutions) or heterogeneous.(solutions) or heterogeneous.
Separation of mixtures is done by physical Separation of mixtures is done by physical
means such as magnets, distillation, means such as magnets, distillation,
chromatography and filtration.chromatography and filtration.

15. Pure SubstancesPure Substances
•A pure substance has a fixed composition .
Elements and compounds are pure
substances.
•Unlike mixtures, every sample of a pure
substance has exactly the same
characteristic properties and composition.

16. Elements and CompoundsElements and Compounds
An An elementelement is a collection of the same type is a collection of the same type
of atom. They are the simplest form of of atom. They are the simplest form of
matter that can exist under normal lab matter that can exist under normal lab
conditions.conditions.
CompoundsCompounds consist of two or more elements consist of two or more elements
that are chemically combined. They can be that are chemically combined. They can be
separated only by a chemical change.separated only by a chemical change.

17. Classification of MatterClassification of Matter
Matter
Mixtures Pure
Substances
Heterogeneous
Mixtures
SolutionsCompounds Elements
Homogeneous Matter