Clinical teaching

Clinical teaching is an individualized
or group teaching to the nursing
student in the clinical area by the
nurse educators, staff and
clinical nurse manager

1. Clinical Teaching Prepared by Ms. Jenisha Adhikari BSN

2. Content Definition Purpose Principle Criteria for clinical teaching Difference between class and clinical teaching Model of clinical teaching

3. Factor influencing clinical teaching Clinical teaching methods Clinical learning cycle Role of clinical instructor Responsibility of clinical instructor

4. Clinical teaching

5. Definition Clinical teaching is an individualized or group teaching to the nursing student in the clinical area by the nurse educators, staff and clinical nurse manager.

6. In preparation of professional practice, the clinical setting is the place where the students come in contact with patient or consumer for the purpose of testing theories and learning skill

7. Teaching in clinical setting is a challenge that is different from those encountered in the class room Like any other skill based profession, nursing also requires the development of relationship between theory and practice

8. Defintion “ Clinical teaching is vehicle that provides students with opportunity to translate basic theoretical knowledge into learning of variety of intellectual and psychomotor skills needed to provide patient – centered quality nursing care.” - Schweer

9. Purpose of clinical teaching To provide individualized care in a systematic, holistic approach To develop high technical competent skills To practice various procedure To collect and analyze the data

10. Contd … 5. To develop communication skills and maintain interpersonal relationship 6. To maintain high standard of nursing practice to become independent enough to practice nursing 7. To develop, cognitive, affective and psychomotor skills

11. Contd …. 8. To learn various diagnostic procedures 9. To learn various skill in giving health education technique to the client 10. To develop proficiency and efficiency in carrying out various procedure

12. Principles of clinical teaching Clinical education should reflect the nature of professional practice Clinical teaching is supported by climate of mutual trust and respect Clinical teaching and learning should focus on essential knowledge, skill and attitude

13. GUIDELINES FOR SELECTION OF CLINICAL TEACHING METHODS Must be appropriate to objectives and desired behavioral changes. Must be in accordance with principles of learning. Must be in accordance with the capacity of the student .

14. Contd. Must be in accordance with availability of resources. Must be in accordance with the teacher’s ability to use it effectively and creatively.

15. Difference between class room and clinical teaching CLASS ROOM TEACHING Large group No focus on patient Knowledge Theoretical framework Teacher/students ratio is large Passive students Less interactive CLINICAL TEACHING Small group Focus on patient Application of knowledge Clinical reasoning Teacher / students ratio is small Active students More interactive

16. Models of clinical teaching Traditional model Preceptor model Associated / Partnership model

17. FACTORS INFLUENCING CLINICAL TEACHING Group interaction skills •Clinical supervision skill •Clinical competence and professionalism •Knowledge and analytical ability. •Organization and clarity of presentation •Enthusiasm and stimulation of interest

18. Clinical teaching method Bedside clinic Nursing rounds Nursing shift reports Nursing care conferences Demonstration Nursing care studies

19. Contd Process recording Laboratory method Nursing assignment Field trip

20. Bedside clinic

21. Definition It is a method of clinical teaching which is carried out by either the group visits the patient or the patient is brought to the conference room in order to study problems associated with a particular disease or disorder

22. Contd.. • Always ensure the presence of the patient. • Patients with typical diseases are selected.

23. Uses of bedside clinic To show the sign and symptoms related to a particular condition To demonstrate a significant nursing situation To show how nursing problem have been solved

24. Phase

25. Advantages It puts the student in an active actual situation Develop skills in collecting information from authentic source Develop tactfulness diplomacy needed to get information from the patient Develop skills in problem solving, decision making an organizing Permits comparison between reality and theory

26. Disadvantages Sometimes put patient in a difficult situation

27. Nursing round

28. Definition A tour of patient’s bedside area made by a small group of staff and students, not more than 7 or 8 for the purpose of clinical learning and instructional purpose

29. Types Instructional Round Information giving round

30. Uses of nursing rounds To demonstrate clinical manifestation that needs nursing intervention To study patient’s response to disease conditions To demonstrate the effect of therapeutic treatment

31. Contd.. To illustrate skillful nursing care To have better understanding of patient’ s needs in order to provide better care to patient

32. Advantages Puts the students in actual live situation where patient responds and acts as a stimulus variable Students have options to select specific case or problem that interest them and plan proper nursing care

33. Contd .. It provides opportunity to reinforce the theoretical knowledge through its application in a real patient Increases learning ability

34. Disadvantages Only applicable for small group of students Require careful planning

35. Nursing shift report

36. Definition Nursing care reports are written or oral summary of the nursing actions taken in relation to patient’s care

37. Guideline for writing reports It should be clear and concise but include all necessary information The report should be well organized for easy understanding For report to be complete and meaningful, it should include the date and time, the people concerned the situation and the signature of report writer

38. Advantages It aids in studying health condition It shows the progress in reaching goals Provides quality and continuity of work from one shift to another

39. Disadvantage Wrong or invalid data in the report may lead to faulty interpretation of patient’s condition

40. Nursing care conference

41. Definition “Nursing Care Conference is defined as the process in which group discussion is made using problem solving techniques to determine the ways of providing care for the patients to whom students are assigned as part of their clinical experience”

42. Types Group conference Individual conference

43. Group conference Is a small group teaching method Allows student to participate actively , explaining their own experience Develop problem solving skills, team building skills and ability to express themselves

44. Individual conference Focuses on the overall development of individual student It mainly deals with the student nursing care ability , level of performance achievements and assignments related to the clinical experience

45. Advantages •Sharpens the critical thinking •Helps the students to know about their progress and hence boosts their self confidence. Develop problem solving skills

46. Disadvantages Time consuming Conflict of opinion

47. Demonstration

48. Definition  Demonstration teaches by “Exhibition & explanation ” • It trains the students in the art of careful observation

49. Types Planned Involves preliminary preparation, introduction, procedure and follow up Unplanned Uncommon treatment occur in the ward that can be demonstrated if not emergency

50. Advantages Activates senses Opportunity for observation and learning Creates interest by use of illustration Correlate theory and practice

51. Disadvantages Expensive Time consuming

52. Nursing care study

53. Definition Method which focuses on information and facts about patient, the disease condition , social and personal history and the application of this knowledge in rendering nursing care

54. Student selects one patient for intensive study Students are given opportunity to take care of the patients, study their treatment modalities until they are discharged

55. Advantages Students learn problem-solving approach. • Report acts as reference material for students Evaluate patient’s progress

56. Process recording

57. Definition It is a written account or verbatim recording of all that transpired during and immediately following the nurse-patient interaction

58. Advantages Improve the quality of nurse – patient interaction Gain competency in interpreting and synthesizing raw data under supervision Increase observational skills

59. Laboratory method

60. Definition Laboratory is a part of clinical teaching that offers students with the opportunities to apply their theoretical knowledge or previous learning into practice in a controlled situation under guidance and supervision where there is no client.

61. Advantages Increase students participation Prepare students for actual situation Clarify doubts and queries regarding to demostration

62. Disadvantages Budget Time consuming Lack of apparatus

63. Nursing assignment

64. Definition It is the part of learning experiences where the students are assigned with patient or other activities concerning to patient in clinical laboratory.

65. Methods of assignments in patient care Functional method Team method Case method

66. Functional method Nurses are assigned specific functions such as administering medications, monitoring vital signs etc

67. Team method In this method a group of patients are looked after by nursing team, comprised of nursing staff and student nurse

68. Case method In this type is a single nurse is assigned the responsibility for the care of each patient from time the patient is admitted to the hospital till the patient is discharge.

69. Advantages Time efficient

70. Field trip

71. Definition It’s a well organized trip from a usual place for teaching purpose

72. Purpose of field trip The field trip must be planned to meet specific educational objectives • Have list of all candidates, contact numbers of people to be contacted in case of emergency & special needs. • Submit report on field visit and analyze. 

73. Advantages Field trip gives natural stimulation and motivates the learner to be more interactive and creative. •The monotony and boredom of classroom teaching is eliminated through field trips

74. Disadvantage If the field trip is not planned well with specific learning objectives it will result in wastage of teaching learning resources. • Field trips are expensive. • Safety and security of the students is a real concern.

75. Clinical learning cycle

76. Role of clinical instructor Supporter Facilitator Challenger Manager Coordinator

77. Observer Evaluator Expert

78. Responsibility of clinical instructor Set objective, standard for practice Develop evaluation tools Should take permission of the institute Prepare master rotation plan Set up the clinical area in an instead manner Keep ready equipment in working condition to provide nursing care

79. Contd … Direct and supervise the students Demonstrate nursing procedure on patient and ask the students to re- demonstrate procedures to develop skill and confidence Analyze the difficulties and guiding the students accordingly Encourage, motivate and inspire students

80. Contd. Maintain strict discipline Maintain student’s record eg . Duty schedule, individual assignments, evaluation tools, clinical teachings and performance of students Conduct individual with the students to solve any problem arose and to meet their professional and personal needs

81. Supervise assignment like ward teaching class, case study, health talks. Has to participate in faculty conference Focus attention of students upon the medical and nursing problems of client to whom they are assigned Assist students in preparing teaching plans. x

82. Reference Singh Indira , Essentials of education A text book for nurses and other health professional, 5 th edition, Hisi offset printer Pvt. Ltd, page no – 230-254 http://www.crlt.umich.edu/publinks/occ1 https://www.slideshare.net/jimcyjose/clinical-teaching-in-nursing?qid=407ed42a-7172-435d-b937-133c8252dea7&v=&b=&from_search=1 https://www.slideshare.net/gangahealth/effective-clinical-teaching-methods-gihs?qid=9da453d6-d2c2-4293-ba15-77842e218941&v=&b=&from_search=1

83. Thank you