Clothing & Fashion in Ancient Rome

riterchick 1,401 views 111 slides Oct 14, 2023
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About This Presentation

Slide show featuring clothing fashions and trends worn by people in Ancient Rome. Includes some slides with a brief history and architecture.


Slide Content

1
Ancient Rome
800 BC –400 AD

2
The Roman Empire
The Empire included
much of North Africa,
large areas of the
Middle East, Eastern
Europe, most of
Europe and Britain.

3
Historical Background
Following a civil war,
Julius Caesar
appointed himself
dictator for life.
He was assassinated in
44 BC by some of his
senators.

4
Historical Background
The Empire was split into East and West
with Constantinople (now Istanbul in
Turkey) as the Eastern Capital.

5
Historical Background
The Ancient City of Rome had a population
of one million people.

6
Historical Background
The society was very
wealthy and complex.

7
Historical Background
People lived in
townhouses or
apartments of up to
nine stories.

8
Historical Background
The oldest male in a
family had ultimate
power and owned all
the property.
He had the power to
determine who the
members of the family
would marry.

9
Historical Background
The Romans had a
system of writing and
using numbers.

10
Architecture in Ancient Rome
The Romans were
skilled architects and
built structures which
can still be seen in
Rome today.

11
Ancient Roman Architecture
The Romans built
aquaducts using arches
to bring fresh water to
the cities.

12
Ancient Roman Architecture
The famous Roman
arches were also used
in buildings and
bridges.

13
Ancient Roman Architecture
The Romans were
skilled at building
baths and many still
exist today such as this
one in Bath, England.

14
Video Links
http://www.hulu.com/watch/23353/nova-
secrets-of-lost-empires-ii-roman-bath
A PBS film about the ancient Roman baths
http://video.google.com/videosearch?q=anci
ent+rome&emb=0&aq=f#
The architecture of Ancient Rome

15
Ancient Roman Architecture
Beautiful mosaics decorated the walls and
floors of Roman homes and baths.

Ancient Roman Architecture
Close up view of a
mosaic that is made
from small colored
pieces of ceramic
tile.
16

17
System of Government
Rome had a
conservative
government with two
consuls elected
annually.
Rome had a senate and
a popular assembly.

18
Ancient Roman Senate
Issues of state were debated in the Senate and
taken to a vote.

19
System of Government
The government
officials were of high
rank in Roman society
and their clothing was
distinct from the lower
citizens and women,
who were not allowed
to govern.

20
Textiles and Clothing Production
Woolwas the major fiber used for clothing
with linenthe second most important (the
climate was cooler in northern Italy).

21
Textiles and Clothing Production
Cottonand small amounts of silkwere
imported.

22
Textiles and Clothing Production
Fabrics were bleached
white and also were
dyed in a wide range
of colors.
Purple and red were
reserved for people of
high rank.

23
Textiles and Clothing Production
The textile industry
was not a home craft
performed by the
women as it was in
Greece.
Slaves on large estates
produced the fabric
and clothing for the
household.

24
Textiles and Clothing Production
There was a thriving
“ready-to-wear”
industry.
Different cities were
famed for making
certain types of cloth.

25
Textiles and Clothing Production
Women spun bats of
wool fiber into yarns
to be woven into cloth.
The girl is wearing the
tunic that includes red
bands worn by
children of noble birth.

26
Sources of Evidence
Information about
clothing in Ancient
Rome comes from
artwork such as
sculptures, frescoes,
mosaics and pottery.

27
Sources of Evidence
Literature and actual
artifacts also give us
information.
Fresco is entitled,
“Girl Writing”.

28
Men’s Clothing -Toga
The toga is the classic
garment associated
with Ancient Rome.

29
Men’s Clothing –Toga
The toga had symbolic
meaning and its use
was restricted (see p.
83 text).

30
Men’s Clothing -Toga
The toga was worn by
male citizensof the
Roman Empire.
If women wore the
toga, they were either
unfaithful spouses or
prostitutes.

31
Men’s Clothing -Toga
The colors and borders
of the toga had certain
meanings.
It was a formal
garment worn outside
the home.

32
Men’s Clothing –Toga
Roman citizens of
lower rank and
senators wore a plain
white toga.

33
Men’s Clothing -Toga
Candidates for office
wore a bright white
toga (called the toga
candida).

34
Men’s Clothing -Toga
Roman Senators wore
togas with red bands
called clavi.

35
Men’s Clothing -Toga
Sons and daughters of
nobility, magistrates
and priests wore a toga
with a purple or red
band and matching
shoes.

36
Men’s Clothing -Toga
They also wore shoes
that matched the
stripes on their togas.

37
Men’s Clothing –Toga
Victorious generals
wore a purple toga
with gold embroidery.
The Emperor wore a
colored and decorated
toga.

38
Men’s Clothing -Toga
Dark colored togas
were worn for
mourning.

39
Men’s Clothing -Toga
Augurs (religious
prophets) wore
multicolored striped
togas.
An augur was a priest
or religious authority
who interpreted omens
from the flight, song,
and feeding of birds.

40
Men’s Clothing -Toga
The toga was made from a large rectangle or oval
of wool fabric (or linen).

41
Men’s Clothing -Toga
6 to 7 yards long and
2½ yards wide.

42
Men’s Clothing -Toga
It required skill to wrap the toga and hold it
in place. (See p. 84)

Men’s Clothing -Toga
43

44
Men’s Clothing -Toga
The toga included a
“sinus” and an “umbo”
created from the folds
of fabric and may have
been used as pockets.
(see p. 84 text)

45
Men’s Clothing –Toga
The toga was worn
covering the head
when a man entered a
sacred place.

46
Men’s Clothing
Loincloth
This garment, called a
subligarwas probably
an undergarment for
upper class men and a
garment for workers
and slaves.

47
Men’s Clothing
Tunic
Tunics were worn
underneath the toga
(see p. 95 text).
Sometimes several
tunics were worn at
one time.

Men’s Clothing
Short tunic worn by
a farmer plowing
his fields.
48

49
Men’s Clothing
They consisted of two
pieces of material
sewn together in a T
shape and belted at the
waist.

50
Men’s Clothing
Tunics for men were
usually short but could
also be long for more
ceremonial purposes.

51
Men’s Clothing
Bands of color in
different widths
denoted rank.
Wide bands indicated
the position of senator.

52
Men’s Clothing
Narrower red bands
were worn by
equestrians (knights).

Men’s Clothing
Later it became
customary and
acceptable for all
men to use clavi
(colored bands) on
their tunics.
53

54
Women’s Clothing
The style of the
women’s clothing was
very similar to the
men’s except that the
individual pieces had
different names and
they were more
colorful.

55
Women’s Clothing
Undergarments
Women wore a
loincloth called the
subligaria(first
underpants).

56
Women’s Clothing
The strophiumwas a band of material that
supported the breasts (first bras).

57
Women’s Clothing
Tunica–was the
basic garment for
women in Rome and
resembled the Greek
chiton.
Tunics for women
were floor length.

58
Women’s Clothing
Stola(white garment)
Was a status symbol.
Worn by free, married
women.
Resembled the Greek
chiton.

59
Women’s Clothing
It was a long, straight
robe or dress that had
short sleeves and may
or may not be belted.

60
Women’s Clothing
It was made in colors
such as red, yellow,
orange, or blue.

61
Women’s Clothing
Palla
This was similar to
the Greek himation.
The palla was the
feminine form of the
Roman toga.

62
Women’s Clothing
It was a long
rectangular piece of
material that was
draped around the
body.

63
Women’s Clothing
It was used as a scarf
and a shawl.

Women’s Clothing
64

Women’s Clothing
65

66
Women’s Clothing
Women were required
to cover their heads in
public.
They used part of the
palla to cover their
heads.

67
Ancient Roman Clothing
Cloaks and Capes
Wool cloaks and capes
were worn by both
men and women as
outerwear in cold
weather.

68
Ancient Roman Clothing
They were made with
or without hoods.

69
Ancient Roman Clothing
There was a variety of
types each with a
different Latin name
(see p. 87 text).
The birrus resembled a
modern hooded
poncho.

70
Ancient Roman Clothing
Cloaks worn by soldiers depicted their rank.

71
Ancient Roman Clothing
A short red cloak was
worn by lower ranking
soldiers.

72
Ancient Roman Clothing
A long red cloak was
worn by Roman
generals.

73
Ancient Roman Shoes
Men and women wore
a soft, leather shoe that
fit the feet snugly and
tied in the front.

74
Ancient Roman Shoes
Men and women wore
sandals tied to the feet
with thongs.

75
Hairstyles for Men
Men’s hair was cut
short and arranged in
curls using hot tongs
in a barber shop.
Gold dust was used to
powder the hair for
special occasions.

76
Men’s Hairstyles
Some men wore neatly
trimmed beards.

77
Laurel Leaf Wreaths
A wreath of laurel leaves was worn by the
Emperor and high ranking men.

78
Hairstyles for Women
The women had very
elaborate hairstyles
consisting of curls and
braids.
(See p. 91 text)

79
Hairstyles for Women
Hairstyles were worn low on the forehead.

80
Hairstyles for Women
Sometimes hair was
piled high at the front
of the head.
This could be achieved
with false hair pieces.

81
Hairstyles for Women
Blonde hair was
fashionable and was
achieved by bleaching
or wearing wigs.

82
Accessories
Women carried fans,
handbags and
parasols.
Women used silver
hand mirrors.

83
Accessories
Men and women
carried white linen
handkerchiefs that had
different names and
different purposes.
See p.90

84
Jewelry
Both men and women
wore rings.
Often several rings
were worn at once.

85
Jewelry –Women
Women also wore
bracelets, necklaces,
armlets in snake
designs, fibulae (pins)
and earrings.

86
Jewelry -Women
Diadems and circlets
were worn in the hair.

87
Clothing -Children
Children were dressed
similarly to adults.

88
Clothing -Children
Children wore a bulla
which was an amulet
or good luck charm.

89
Marriage
Some of the marriage
customs that began in
Ancient Rome
continue today.

90
Marriage
A betrothal ring was
given to the bride.

91
Marriage
Brides wore a bright
orange flammeumor
veil that covered the
top part of her face.

92
Marriage
Brides wore a saffron
colored pallawith
matching shoes.

93
MarriageMarriage
On top of the bride’s
veil was placed a
wreath of myrtle and
orange blossoms.

94
Cosmetics and Grooming
Great attention was
paid to grooming.
The Romans were
famous for their
baths.

95
Cosmetics and Grooming
1.Sudatorium –sauna for sweating
2.Calidarium –much hotter
3.Tepidarium –rest, accustom the body to
lower temperatures
4.Frigidarium –icy cold bath

96
Cosmetics and Grooming
Both men and women
used perfume.

97
Cosmetics and Grooming
Roman women used
many cosmetics to
whiten and soften the
skin, make the lips
red, and darken the
eyebrows.

98
Roman Soldiers
Short tunicworn
underneath other
garments.
Greavesprotected the
lower legs.

99
Roman Soldiers
Corseletsprotected the
chest.
Short skirtwith leather
strips worn from the
waist

Roman Soldiers
Braiessometimes
worn –copied from
the costume of the
northerners.
100

101
Roman Soldiers
Elaborate helmets with
cheek protectors.
Leather buskinsor
sandals.

102
REVIEW
Read:http://www.vroma.org/~bmcmanus/clot
hing.html

103
Video Links
http://youtu.be/fa02Me27sYw
http://youtu.be/gU0Qn6qry2k
The Eternal Culture of Ancient Rome –
Parts 1 and 2

Video Links
http://youtu.be/dn14wkg0mhM
Pompeii, Italy: Window on Ancient Rome
104

Video Links
http://youtu.be/P42Re9Ka66g
Gladiator trailer
http://youtu.be/DhrVNKgYldQ
Scenes from “Gladiator”
105

106
Video Links
http://youtu.be/0kW-z7gUbuI
Ancient Rome: The Rise and Fall of an
Empire –Part 1

107
Video Links
http://youtu.be/li8oV4pq4QE
Ancient Rome: The Rise and Fall of an
Empire –Part 2

108
Video Links
http://youtu.be/oLI3g7hxcag
Ancient Rome: The Rise and Fall of an
Empire –Part 3

109
Video Links
http://youtu.be/N95OCF2tH0g
Ancient Rome: The Rise and Fall of an
Empire –Part 4

110
Video Links
http://youtu.be/tIRlfyz89MM
Ancient Rome: The Rise and Fall of an
Empire –Part 5

111
Video Links
http://youtu.be/kdDtW5RcQTo
Ancient Rome: The Rise and Fall of an
Empire –Part 6