CNF lesson 2 part 1 for Senior High School

CNF lesson 2

1. Elements & Devices of Creative Nonfiction Lesson 2

2. Lesson Objectives By the end of the lesson, you are expected to be able to: 1. do a close reading of creative nonfictional texts; 2. identify the fictional elements in the texts; 3. analyze and interpret factual/nonfictional aspects in the texts; and 4. evaluate the relationship of creative and nonfictional elements of the texts .

3. Elements of Creative Nonfiction

4. Writers of creative nonfiction often makes use of a variety of elements to create a good literary work. You can see such elements in memoirs, personal essays, travel writing, etc.

5. Literary Elements Used in Creative Nonfiction

6. A literary element (also called a narrative element) is a “constituent of all works of narrative fiction—a necessary feature of verbal storytelling that can be found in any written or spoken narrative (Wikipedia).

7. The most common literary elements that are used in creative nonfiction

8. Character C haracters represent real people. Typically , nonfiction works often have a main character. In memoirs, the author is the central character since he/she is writing about himself/herself.

9. Detail Details are used by the writer to provide important or significant information as well as helpful descriptions. For instance, details provided in a biography or autobiography gives the readers the facts about a person’s life. When you are the writer, you can use details to help communicate your own opinions and character as well as those of your subject.

10. Dialogue According to Bennet Bergman (2017), dialogue “is the exchange of spoken words between two or more characters in a book, play, or other written work. In prose writing, lines of dialogue are typically identified by the use of quotation marks and a dialogue tag, such as "’she said.’"

11. Dialogue: Functions of Dialogue 1. It helps move the action while characterizing the personality of the speakers. 2 . It contributes to creating a natural, conversational flow. 3 . It prevents the writing from becoming impersonal by emphasizing human interaction. 4. It can convey a particular mood through using structure and tone.

12. Diction Diction is the writer’s choice of words—this can be based on meaning or the sound of the words. By making particular word choices, the writer can create a certain tone and feeling. An author can use denotation (literal meaning) or connotation (associated meaning) of a word.

13. Figurative Language Figurative language is the use of phrases or figures of speech that go beyond the literal meaning of words. Examples of figures of speech include simile, metaphor, hyperbole, personification, etc . *We will discuss this in detail in Lesson 3

14. Flashback Flashback or analepsis is a literary device in which an event that had occurred in that past is inserted or revealed in the present time. This can appear in a nonfiction piece as a memory, dream sequences and part of narration.

15. Flash Forward Flash forward, also called prolepsis, is when the plot goes ahead of time. Generally , a flash forward represents expected or imagined events in the future.

16. Foreshadowing Foreshadowing is a literary device in which an author only hints to a plot development or future occurrence. The purpose of foreshadowing is to prepare the reader for action that is going to happen.

17. Ex: A professionally dressed woman hurriedly leaves the house, slamming the front door. She frantically searches for her keys in the bottom of a giant purse while balancing a briefcase under her other arm. She finds her keys, gets in the car, and backs out of the driveway. As the car drives away, the camera moves back towards the front door and into the house, where a USB stick is sitting on a shelf next to the front door.

18. Imagery Imagery are words or phrases that appeal to one or more of the five senses—also called sensory details. Imagery is used by the author in order to help the reader imagine and form mental pictures of what is being described.

19. Motif The motif in writing is any element, subject, idea or concept that appears throughout the literary work. Motifs are noticeable and contributes to defining the nature of the story and the development of the plot.

20. Narrative Nonfiction writing tends to follow a time line for a narrative—either linear or nonlinear. As the writer, you choose a narrative to enhance dramatization. This helps to elevate creative nonfiction from simple reportage to story-telling by applying fictional techniques.

21. Order Order is the arrangement or organization of events in a written work. The way you arrange events may have an impact on how your audience received it. There are six informational structures that you can use to organize your information in a clear manner.

22. Order: 6 Informational Structures 1. Importance – Arranging ideas from least to most important, or from most to least important. 2. Chronological – Arranging details in a story process in the order of which they occurred. 3. Problem-Solution – Arranging ideas to explain a problem, to outline a solution or to argue for/against a solution. 4. Cause-Effect – Arranging ideas to show the relationship between events or conditions. 5. Comparison-Contrast – Arranging ideas to show similarities and differences between two things. 6. Classification – Arranging ideas by breaking the subject down into subgroups or categories.

23. Plot and Plot Structure Plot, commonly seen in narration, refers to the sequence of events from beginning to end. The typically plot structure starts with a beginning/exposition, rising action, climax, falling action and ending.

24. Plot: Plot Structure

25. Point of View Point of view refers to the perspective from which the story is told. When the main character of the story is the narrator, the story is told in the first-person point of view . When the narrator is an entity from outside the story, the story is being told in the third-person point of view .

26. First – Person Point of View: When the bus came, I got on, carrying my pink backpack. It was the first day of school, and I was nervous, I smiled, though, when I saw my best friend Kevin sitting in the back. Third-Person Point of View: When the bus came, Sharon got on, carrying her pink backpack. It was the first day of school, and Sharon was nervous, She smiled, though, when she saw her best friend Kevin sitting in the back . Omniscient Point of View: When the bus came, Sharon got on, carrying her pink backpack. It was the first day of school, and Sharon was nervous, She smiled, though, when she saw her best friend Kevin sitting in the back . Kevin was nervous, too. So, he was thrilled to see Sharon. Maybe this day would not be so bad after all.

27. Let’s Practice The decorations are up. The cake is in the center of the table. Ice cream is in the refrigerator. There are snacks and drinks for everyone. I look at the time, and it’s almost 3 :00. I better hurry! The guests will be here any minute for Lee’s birthday party. Joseph was confused. He was supposed to meet Laura at the library to work on a science project, but she was nowhere to be found. Joseph was waiting for too long, as he was getting ready to leave, he saw Laura rushing through the front doors.

28. Determine if the point of view is limited or omniscient. If it is limited, tell whether it is first-person limited or third-person limited. Marie felt the impact as her mom hit the brakes just as another car pulled out in front of them. “Are you okay?” her mom asked. “Just relax, and I will call 911.” Across town, Louis heard the alarm go off, and he put down his coffee cup. “Sounds like there has been an accident,” he said to his partner Joe. “Let’s get moving!” 2. The lights in the mall were beautiful. There were red, green, and gold decorations everywhere. I couldn’t wait to start shopping for presents for my friends. “Are you ready to go?” Dad asked. “Yes!” I exclaimed. “Let’s shop!”

29. Setting Setting refers to the time, place and circumstance of which the story takes place in. These settings are depicted in scenes that are action-oriented and contain vivid descriptions.

30. Style Style is the language conventions used in composing the writing of creative nonfiction. To create a particular style, the writer can manipulate diction, sentence structure, phrasing and others aspects of language.

31. Symbol Symbol comes from the Greek word “ symbolom ” which is a word or an object that stands for another word or object. Symbols used in writing often have layered meaning and makes the reader “read between the lines” to interpret such meanings. For example, a dove can be used as a symbol representing peace.

32. Theme Theme is the meaning or unifying concept of the piece of writing. It develops throughout the story as there is a continuous interplay of character and plot. A theme can be a revelation about human character but it is NOT the “moral” of the story.

33. Tone Tone is the writer’s attitude towards his/her subject matter. Depending on the topic and what the writer’s attitude is, the tone could be patriotic, aggressive, sarcastic, gloomy, happy, etc.