COLD APPLICATION.pptx

cold application in fundamental of nursing including of definition,purpose effect in physiology and secondary effect,therapeutic effect and procdure of applying cold application of patient

1. COLD APPLICATION PRESENTED BY- KHUMBARON SONIA 2 ND PB.BSC(N)

2. DEFINITION Cold application is the application of cold agent, cooler than skin either in a moist or dry form on the surface of the body to relieve pain and body temperature, to anaesthetize an area , to check hemorrhage , to control growth of bacteria, to prevent edema and reduce inflammation.

3. Purposes of cold application To reduce raised body temperature during high fever & hyper pyrexia or sun stroke. To relieve local pain Cold decrease prostaglandin’s which decreases the sensitivity of pain receptors, and other substances at the site of injury by inhibiting the inflammatory processes To reduce subcutaneous bleeding. Eg - in sprain & contusion.

4. To control bleeding. Eg - epistaxis. To relieve pain. To provide comfort to a patient in extreme hot weather if desired. To reduce swelling and inflammation by decreasing the blood flow to the area (vasoconstriction effect ).

5. PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECT OF COLD APPLICATION Peripheral vasoconstriction. Decreased capillary permeability. Decreased oxygen consumption. Decreased local metabolism. Increased blood viscocity .

6. Decreased muscle tone . Decreased blood flow. Decreased lymph flow. Decreased motility of leukocytes.

7. Secondary effects of cold application With the cold applications, the primary effects may last only 30 mins to 1 hour . After this time, the cold application must be discontinued and a recovery time of one hour must be allowed or secondary effect (vasodilation) will take place.

8. THERAPEUTIC USES OF LOCAL COLD APPLICATION 1.Cold relieves pain- cold decreases the nerve impulse conduction. 2.PREVENTS GANGRENE- - Cold decreases the tissue metabolism. Cold decreases the effects of tissue anoxia (oxygen lack) & thereby delay the tissue necrosis. 3. PREVENTS EDEMA & REDUCES INFLAMMATION- It decreases the blood circulation and prevent fluid congestion. Eg – sprains.

9. 4.Controls hemorrhage - it causes vasoconstriction & increases the blood viscosity which helps in the coagulation of the blood and checks hemorrhage . 5.Checks the growth of bacteria- cutaneous application of cold reduces the tissue temperature and makes the environment less favourable for the growth of the microorganisms. 6.REDUCES THE BODY TEMPERATURE- it is withdrawn from the body by conduction, convection and evaporation. Thus, the body temperature is reduced. 7.Cold anaesthetize an area- it decrease the sensitivity of tissues and creates a sensation of numbness. Thus it can be used as local anaesthesia for a short period.

10. Contraindications of cold application Cold should not be applied on clients who are in a state of shock and collapse . When there is edema . In disease associated with impaired circulation. Eg – clients with diabetes, arteriosclerosis & neurological disorder. When there is muscle spasm. When there is decreased sensation. Eg - numbness

11. When there is infected wound which are to be dried of the pus or if we intend to promote suppuration. When the client is having shivering of having a very low temperature .

12. Ice bag - Ice to suck -Hypothermia - Cold sponging Ice collar - Cold compress - Cold bath Ice pack - evaporating lotion - Cold packs -ice cradle -chemical cold packs

13. COLD APPLICATION ICE BAG -ice kept in a bag -covered with cloth and applied on an area - temperature <15° C

14. EQUIPMENTS articles purpose ice bag (1) To provide cold application bowel (1) To keep ice cube Duster (1) To wipe the outside of the jug Towel (1) / ice bag cover To insulate the coldwater bag Lotion thermometer (if possible) To check the temperature of the hot water makintosh to protect the bed a roll of tape or bandage to secure the bag spoon (1) to take the ice pieces

15. Preliminary assessment of the patient Explain the purpose and procedure to the patient Maintain a comfortable position Prevent draugths by covering the patient with a blanket or a bed cover .

16. STEPS OF PROCEDURE STEPS Break the ice into smalll pieces .Sprinkle sodium chloride Check the ice bag for leakage by pouring water into it. Empty the bag and fill it about 2/3 or with ice. RATIONALE For easy insertion of ice into bag. Salt lowers the melting point. To ensure that the bag is in agood working condition. This makes the bag light in weight .

17. Keep the bag on a flat surface and squeeze out the air. Screw the cap well and wipe it. Put on a flannel cover. .Explain the procedure to the patient. .Spread the mankintosh and the towel . Air is removed in order that the ice bag can be moulded to the patient’s body. To ensure that the bag is not leaking. The cover retain cold for more gradual application and it absorbs the water formed by atmospheric condensation. To gain more co-operation. To protect pillow cover and pillow

18. • The ice bag is applied for about half and hour and then it is discontinued for atleast an hour for the recovery period. • Chart the treatment and its effect. • Wash the icebag with water and dry it. • Dry & then powder between the layers of the rubber and store after filling it with air. To prevent the effect of prolonged exposure to cold. •Recording is important for any procedure. For re-use. To store it properly

19. AFTER CARE OF THE CLIENT & ARTICLES Remove the ice bag when the treatment completed. Dry the area if moist. Position the client comfortably on bed. Take all the articles to the utility room and replace all the articles. Wash hands. Records the procedures with dates and times, the area or where it is applied, the purpose of the application & the reaction if any.